Weakness (CWE)
CWE-129: Improper Validation of Array Index
The product uses untrusted input when calculating or using an array index, but the product does not validate or incorrectly validates the index to ensure the index references a valid position within the array.
How to prevent it (8 mitigations)
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Architecture and Design
Use an input validation framework such as Struts or the OWASP ESAPI Validation API. Note that using a framework does not automatically address all input validation problems; be mindful of weaknesses that could arise from misusing the framework itself (CWE-1173).
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Architecture and Design
For any security checks that are performed on the client side, ensure that these checks are duplicated on the server side, in order to avoid CWE-602. Attackers can bypass the client-side checks by modifying values after the checks have been performed, or by changing the client to remove the client-side checks entirely. Then, these modified values would be submitted to the server.
Even though client-side checks provide minimal benefits with respect to server-side security, they are still useful. First, they can support intrusion detection. If the server receives input that should have been rejected by the client, then it may be an indication of an attack. Second, client-side error-checking can provide helpful feedback to the user about the expectations for valid input. Third, there may be a reduction in server-side processing time for accidental input errors, although this is typically a small savings.
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Requirements
Use a language that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
For example, Ada allows the programmer to constrain the values of a variable and languages such as Java and Ruby will allow the programmer to handle exceptions when an out-of-bounds index is accessed.
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Operation, Build and Compilation
Run or compile the software using features or extensions that randomly arrange the positions of a program's executable and libraries in memory. Because this makes the addresses unpredictable, it can prevent an attacker from reliably jumping to exploitable code.
Examples include Address Space Layout Randomization (ASLR) [REF-58] [REF-60] and Position-Independent Executables (PIE) [REF-64]. Imported modules may be similarly realigned if their default memory addresses conflict with other modules, in a process known as "rebasing" (for Windows) and "prelinking" (for Linux) [REF-1332] using randomly generated addresses. ASLR for libraries cannot be used in conjunction with prelink since it would require relocating the libraries at run-time, defeating the whole purpose of prelinking.
For more information on these techniques see D3-SAOR (Segment Address Offset Randomization) from D3FEND [REF-1335].
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Operation
Use a CPU and operating system that offers Data Execution Protection (using hardware NX or XD bits) or the equivalent techniques that simulate this feature in software, such as PaX [REF-60] [REF-61]. These techniques ensure that any instruction executed is exclusively at a memory address that is part of the code segment.
For more information on these techniques see D3-PSEP (Process Segment Execution Prevention) from D3FEND [REF-1336].
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Implementation
Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
When accessing a user-controlled array index, use a stringent range of values that are within the target array. Make sure that you do not allow negative values to be used. That is, verify the minimum as well as the maximum of the range of acceptable values.
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Implementation
Be especially careful to validate all input when invoking code that crosses language boundaries, such as from an interpreted language to native code. This could create an unexpected interaction between the language boundaries. Ensure that you are not violating any of the expectations of the language with which you are interfacing. For example, even though Java may not be susceptible to buffer overflows, providing a large argument in a call to native code might trigger an overflow.
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Architecture and Design, Operation
Run your code using the lowest privileges that are required to accomplish the necessary tasks [REF-76]. If possible, create isolated accounts with limited privileges that are only used for a single task. That way, a successful attack will not immediately give the attacker access to the rest of the software or its environment. For example, database applications rarely need to run as the database administrator, especially in day-to-day operations.
Source: MITRE CWE-129
400 results · Feed
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High 8.2
FreeSWITCH mod_spandsp: out-of-bounds write parsing UDPTL error-recovery data
FreeSWITCH is a Software Defined Telecom Stack enabling the digital transformation from proprietary telecom switches to a software implementation that runs on any commodity hardware. Prior to 1.11.2, udptl_rx_packet() used a peer-controlled FEC entry count di…
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High 7.5
VRPN through 07.36 Out-of-bounds Write via SENDER_DESCRIPTION/TYPE_DESCRIPTION length index
VRPN through 07.36 contains an out-of-bounds stack write vulnerability in vrpn_Endpoint::handle_sender_message() and handle_type_message() that allows unauthenticated remote peers to write outside a stack buffer via an unchecked length index. Attackers can co…
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Medium 5.3
ASN1SCC: Out-of-bounds read via unvalidated character index in ASN.1 string decoders
ASN1SCC is an open source ASN.1 compiler for embedded systems. Prior to 4.7.0.1, the ACN runtime function Acn_Dec_String_CharIndex_private in asn1crt/asn1crt_encoding_acn.c and the generated uPER decoder InternalItem_string_with_alpha_decode in StgC/uper_c.st…
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High 8.1
ASN1SCC: Out-of-bounds write in BitStream_DecodeConstraintWholeNumber (uPER/ACN)
ASN1SCC is an open source ASN.1 compiler for embedded systems. Prior to 4.7.0.1, BitStream_DecodeConstraintWholeNumber in asn1crt/asn1crt_encoding.c reads enough bits for a constrained integer but does not reject values above the declared range when the encod…
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Unscored —
Incorrect handling of unauthenticated downlink RRC Setup messages can cause the baseband to crash
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Medium 6.5
Netrek-client-cow through 3.3.3 Out-of-Bounds Read via SP_S_MESSAGE Packets
Netrek-client-cow through 3.3.3 contains an out-of-bounds read vulnerability in short.c handleSMessage() that allows malicious servers to crash clients via an unchecked m_recpt index. Attackers controlling a Netrek server or intercepting the plaintext TCP con…
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Medium 5.3
NVIDIA Slurm contains a vulnerability where a user could deliberately alter the provided nodelist alongside the --distr…
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High 7.5
psqlODBC does not validate column numbers and row indexes in binding and descriptor functions
Several psqlODBC entry points use an application-supplied column number or row index as an array index without validating it. SQLBindCol with a column number above 32767 wraps the binding count negative and a later copy runs off the array. A negative SQL_DESC…
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Low 2.3
Memory corruption vulnerability in QMqttClient impacts Qt MQTT
A memory corruption vulnerability in the QMqttClient class of the Qt MQTT module. Under certain MQTT 5 connection settings between client and server, QMqttClient may corrupt memory, which can cause the application to crash.
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Medium 5.9
gopacket: SCTP chunk sub-decoder out-of-bounds panics on crafted segments
gopacket provides packet processing capabilities for Go. Prior to 1.7.2, the SCTP chunk chain in layers/sctp.go passes attacker-controlled declared lengths and counts to decodeSCTPInit, decodeSCTPShutdown, decodeSCTPError, decodeSCTPSack, and decodeSCTPParame…
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Medium 5.9
MariaDB Connector/J: Rogue server can crash the client during caching_sha2_password authentication
MariaDB Connector/J is used to connect applications developed in Java to MariaDB and MySQL databases. From 3.0.0 until 3.3.7 and 3.4.5, during caching_sha2_password authentication, the authentication-more-data response was treated as a length-encoded byte arr…
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Medium 4.8
Wasmtime 46.0.0 before 48.0.6 and 49.0.0 before 49.0.3 Panic via Zero-Length Stream Writes
Wasmtime 46.0.0 before 48.0.6 and 49.0.0 before 49.0.3 contains a denial of service vulnerability that allows guest code to trigger a host panic through out-of-bounds zero-length stream operations. Malicious guests can perform zero-length component model stre…
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High 7.2
Fireware OS Out-of-Bounds Read in FireCluster Sync Allows Denial of Service
An out-of-bounds read vulnerability in the FireCluster Sync processing allows an attacker positioned on the cluster interconnect, such as a compromised cluster peer or an on-path network attacker, to repeatedly crash the firewall's cluster synchronization pro…
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Medium 6.1
Fireware OS Stack Buffer Overflow in VPN Network Access Enforcement Allows Unprivileged Code Execution
A stack-based buffer overflow vulnerability in Fireware OS's VPN Network Access Enforcement process allows an authenticated mobile VPN user to create a denial of service condition and potentially execute arbitrary code as an unprivileged process by sending a …
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High 7.8
llama.cpp b5899 before b10261 Heap Out-of-Bounds Write via plamo2 Tokenizer
llama.cpp b5899 before b10261 contains a heap out-of-bounds write vulnerability in llm_tokenizer_plamo2::build that allows attackers to corrupt heap memory via crafted GGUF models. Attackers can supply BYTE-typed token text like <0x-1> whose negative parsed v…
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High 8.2
llama.cpp before b3701 Out-of-Bounds Read in llama_decode via Token IDs
llama.cpp before b3701 contains an out-of-bounds read vulnerability in llama_decode_internal and llama_encode_internal that allows remote unauthenticated attackers to read memory by supplying unvalidated token IDs. Attackers can send integer-array prompts to …
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Medium 6.1
Furnace through 0.6.8.3 Out-of-Bounds Write via FamiTracker GROOVES Block Import
Furnace through 0.6.8.3 contains an out-of-bounds write vulnerability in DivEngine::loadFTM() that allows attackers to corrupt heap memory via an unchecked subsong index in the GROOVES block. Attackers can craft a FamiTracker module with a subsong count of 2 …
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Medium 5.9
snappy-java: JVM crash from unchecked ranges in Snappy.arrayCopy and SnappyOutputStream.rawWrite
snappy-java is a Java port of the snappy, a fast C++ compresser/decompresser developed by Google. Prior to 1.1.10.9, Snappy.arrayCopy(Object src, int offset, int byteLength, Object dest, int destOffset) passes caller-supplied ranges to native memcpy without v…
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Medium 6.9
Go JOSE: Panic during CBC-HMAC processing
Go JOSE provides an implementation of the Javascript Object Signing and Encryption set of standards in Go, including support for JSON Web Encryption (JWE), JSON Web Signature (JWS), and JSON Web Token (JWT) standards. Prior to 4.1.5, decrypting untrusted JWE …
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Medium 6.5
vLLM: Out-of-vocabulary prompt token id passes input validation and triggers a CUDA device-side assert (engine crash / DoS)
vLLM is an inference and serving engine for large language models. Prior to 0.32.0, vllm/tokenizers/hf.py computes max_token_id with an off-by-one upper bound, allowing a pre-tokenized prompt ID equal to the vocabulary size to pass validation. For a tensor-pa…
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High 7.1
Multiple Out-of-Bounds Reads in Frame Processing
SOEM version 2.0.0 and earlier contains multiple vulnerabilities in frame processing where a malicious device can cause the master to read data outside allocated buffers. The software uses length and offset values from device messages without validating them …
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Medium 6.5
Memory Corruption via FMMU Configuration Table Overflow
SOEM version 2.0.0 and earlier contains a vulnerability during device configuration where a malicious device can cause memory corruption. The software writes configuration data to a fixed-size array without checking if the array index exceeds its maximum size…
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Medium 6.5
vLLM 0.20.1 before 0.29.0 DoS and GPU Out-of-Bounds Write via stop_token_ids
vLLM from 0.20.1 before 0.29.0 contains an improper input validation vulnerability that allows remote attackers to crash the engine by supplying out-of-vocabulary stop_token_ids. Attackers can send OpenAI chat, completion, generate, or batch requests with inv…
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Medium 6.1
RPly through 1.1.4 Out-of-Bounds Function Pointer Index via PLY Header
RPly through 1.1.4 contains an improper array index validation vulnerability in ply_read_header_property() that accepts list as a list property's length or value type. Attackers can supply a crafted PLY file that makes ply_read_list_property() call an out-of-…
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Medium 6.3
JweDirectDecryptorBlock.Decrypt: unchecked _thales_aad length header reachable with forged tag → index-out-of-range / slice-bounds panic and unbounded allocation
`JweDirectDecryptorBlock.Decrypt` read a 64-bit plaintext length from the `_thales_aad` protected-header field and used it without any validation. A truncated field panics `binary.BigEndian.Uint64`, an oversized value drives an unbounded allocation, and a val…
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High 8.7
Denial of Service via Malformed VATP Packet in Velneo vServer
Improper validation of array index vulnerability in Velneo vServer. This issue affects vServer: from 36.0 before 36.6 and from 37.0 before 37.2.
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Medium 6.5
Vyper before 0.3.0 Memory Corruption via Internal Function Calls in Arrays
Vyper from 0.1.0b4 before 0.3.0 contains a memory corruption vulnerability caused by an incorrect stack tip pointer when internal function calls are performed inside arrays. Contracts placing internal calls in nested array elements, external call arguments, s…
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Medium 6.5
Vyper 0.1.0b4 before 0.3.0 Memory Corruption via Nested Internal Function Calls
Vyper from 0.1.0b4 before 0.3.0 contains a memory corruption vulnerability caused by an incorrect stack tip pointer when internal function calls appear inside tuples or nested calls. Contracts using such calls as tuple elements, call arguments, or builtin arg…
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High 7.1
HMS Networks PEAK-System PCAN Windows drivers Improper Validation of Array Index
The PEAK-System PCAN parser indexes a length table using attacker-controlled DLC without enforcing DLC <= 0x0f, then copies attacker payload from record+0x1c into a fixed-size stack destination.
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Medium 6.8
Binary resource loader: unbounded map_id from a theme file causes a heap out-of-bounds write in the GUIX-allocated arena
`_gx_binres_pixelmap_table_load()` in the GUIX binary resource (theme) loader indexes the pixelmap table with a value read verbatim from the resource file and never bounds it against the table size. A crafted theme drives a write of up to roughly 256 KB past …
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High 7.5
libIEC61850: Remote NULL dereference in MMS Read alternate-access sub-array path leads to server-side DoS
libIEC61850 is an open-source implementation of IEC 61850 client and server protocols including MMS, GOOSE, Sampled Values, and R-Session. Prior to 1.6.2, alternateArrayAccess in src/mms/iso_mms/server/mms_read_service.c does not validate an alternate-access …
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Medium 4.4
Improper validation of array index vulnerability in Samsung Open Source Vyond allows Input Data Manipulation. This issu…
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Critical 9.3
F´: Unvalidated Port Index in GenericHub
F´ (F Prime) is a framework that enables development and deployment of spaceflight and other embedded software applications. From 4.1.0 until 4.2.0, Svc::GenericHub output-port dispatch is vulnerable because the deserialized port field is passed to serialOut_…
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Medium 6.5
SFTPGo: Denial of service via malformed SSH channel request
SFTPGo is an open source, event-driven file transfer solution. Prior to 2.7.5, an authenticated SSH user can send a malformed protocol message while opening a channel, causing an unhandled error that terminates the server process and affects all connected use…
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Medium 5.3
FreeRDP before 3.32.0 Out-of-Bounds Write via MS-RDPEGT Video Geometry
FreeRDP before 3.32.0 stores the server-supplied signed MS-RDPEGT geometry origin unchecked in an unsigned video surface coordinate, so the blit clamp in gdiVideoShowSurface() wraps in 32-bit arithmetic and is skipped. A malicious RDP server can send a negati…
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Medium 6.6
FreeRDP 3.0.0 before 3.32.0 Heap Buffer Overflow via PKCS#11 collect_keys()
FreeRDP 3.0.0 before 3.32.0 contains a heap buffer overflow vulnerability in collect_keys() that allows local attackers to write past the fixed 64-entry keys array during PKCS#11 key enumeration. Attackers controlling smartcard tokens can present more than 64…
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Medium 4.5
The Affinity by Canva application before 3.3.1 (October 2026 release) did not perform adequate bounds checking when par…
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Medium 5.7
SumatraPDF CHM `its://` signed index causes an out-of-bounds object lookup
SumatraPDF is a multi-format reader for Windows. In 3.6.1 and earlier, and in pre-release 3.7.0.20369 when WebView2 is absent or cannot initialize, ParseProtoUrl() accepts the signed host component of an its:// URL and FindHtmlWindowById() uses it directly as…
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Medium 5.9
Application denial of service via missing BSON array length validation in MongoDB Go Driver
Improper validation of a BSON array length in the MongoDB Go Driver can cause an out-of-bounds index and runtime panic when an application calls bson.RawArray.Validate or bsoncore.Array.Validate on a malformed four-byte array. An unauthenticated actor who can…
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Medium 6.5
Excelize: GetStyle panics on a negative fillId, borderId or fontId in styles.xml
Excelize is a Go language library for reading and writing Microsoft Excel spreadsheets. From 2.8.0 to 2.11.0, GetStyle's fill, border, and font extraction predicates check only upper bounds for attacker-controlled style-table indices. File.GetStyle relies on …