Weakness (CWE)
CWE-129: Improper Validation of Array Index
The product uses untrusted input when calculating or using an array index, but the product does not validate or incorrectly validates the index to ensure the index references a valid position within the array.
How to prevent it (8 mitigations)
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Architecture and Design
Use an input validation framework such as Struts or the OWASP ESAPI Validation API. Note that using a framework does not automatically address all input validation problems; be mindful of weaknesses that could arise from misusing the framework itself (CWE-1173).
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Architecture and Design
For any security checks that are performed on the client side, ensure that these checks are duplicated on the server side, in order to avoid CWE-602. Attackers can bypass the client-side checks by modifying values after the checks have been performed, or by changing the client to remove the client-side checks entirely. Then, these modified values would be submitted to the server.
Even though client-side checks provide minimal benefits with respect to server-side security, they are still useful. First, they can support intrusion detection. If the server receives input that should have been rejected by the client, then it may be an indication of an attack. Second, client-side error-checking can provide helpful feedback to the user about the expectations for valid input. Third, there may be a reduction in server-side processing time for accidental input errors, although this is typically a small savings.
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Requirements
Use a language that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
For example, Ada allows the programmer to constrain the values of a variable and languages such as Java and Ruby will allow the programmer to handle exceptions when an out-of-bounds index is accessed.
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Operation, Build and Compilation
Run or compile the software using features or extensions that randomly arrange the positions of a program's executable and libraries in memory. Because this makes the addresses unpredictable, it can prevent an attacker from reliably jumping to exploitable code.
Examples include Address Space Layout Randomization (ASLR) [REF-58] [REF-60] and Position-Independent Executables (PIE) [REF-64]. Imported modules may be similarly realigned if their default memory addresses conflict with other modules, in a process known as "rebasing" (for Windows) and "prelinking" (for Linux) [REF-1332] using randomly generated addresses. ASLR for libraries cannot be used in conjunction with prelink since it would require relocating the libraries at run-time, defeating the whole purpose of prelinking.
For more information on these techniques see D3-SAOR (Segment Address Offset Randomization) from D3FEND [REF-1335].
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Operation
Use a CPU and operating system that offers Data Execution Protection (using hardware NX or XD bits) or the equivalent techniques that simulate this feature in software, such as PaX [REF-60] [REF-61]. These techniques ensure that any instruction executed is exclusively at a memory address that is part of the code segment.
For more information on these techniques see D3-PSEP (Process Segment Execution Prevention) from D3FEND [REF-1336].
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Implementation
Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
When accessing a user-controlled array index, use a stringent range of values that are within the target array. Make sure that you do not allow negative values to be used. That is, verify the minimum as well as the maximum of the range of acceptable values.
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Implementation
Be especially careful to validate all input when invoking code that crosses language boundaries, such as from an interpreted language to native code. This could create an unexpected interaction between the language boundaries. Ensure that you are not violating any of the expectations of the language with which you are interfacing. For example, even though Java may not be susceptible to buffer overflows, providing a large argument in a call to native code might trigger an overflow.
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Architecture and Design, Operation
Run your code using the lowest privileges that are required to accomplish the necessary tasks [REF-76]. If possible, create isolated accounts with limited privileges that are only used for a single task. That way, a successful attack will not immediately give the attacker access to the rest of the software or its environment. For example, database applications rarely need to run as the database administrator, especially in day-to-day operations.
Source: MITRE CWE-129
184 results · Clear filters · Feed
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High 8.2
FreeSWITCH mod_spandsp: out-of-bounds write parsing UDPTL error-recovery data
FreeSWITCH is a Software Defined Telecom Stack enabling the digital transformation from proprietary telecom switches to a software implementation that runs on any commodity hardware. Prior to 1.11.2, udptl_rx_packet() used a peer-controlled FEC entry count di…
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High 7.5
VRPN through 07.36 Out-of-bounds Write via SENDER_DESCRIPTION/TYPE_DESCRIPTION length index
VRPN through 07.36 contains an out-of-bounds stack write vulnerability in vrpn_Endpoint::handle_sender_message() and handle_type_message() that allows unauthenticated remote peers to write outside a stack buffer via an unchecked length index. Attackers can co…
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High 8.1
ASN1SCC: Out-of-bounds write in BitStream_DecodeConstraintWholeNumber (uPER/ACN)
ASN1SCC is an open source ASN.1 compiler for embedded systems. Prior to 4.7.0.1, BitStream_DecodeConstraintWholeNumber in asn1crt/asn1crt_encoding.c reads enough bits for a constrained integer but does not reject values above the declared range when the encod…
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High 7.5
Incorrect handling of unauthenticated downlink RRC Setup messages can cause the baseband to crash
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High 7.5
psqlODBC does not validate column numbers and row indexes in binding and descriptor functions
Several psqlODBC entry points use an application-supplied column number or row index as an array index without validating it. SQLBindCol with a column number above 32767 wraps the binding count negative and a later copy runs off the array. A negative SQL_DESC…
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High 7.2
Fireware OS Out-of-Bounds Read in FireCluster Sync Allows Denial of Service
An out-of-bounds read vulnerability in the FireCluster Sync processing allows an attacker positioned on the cluster interconnect, such as a compromised cluster peer or an on-path network attacker, to repeatedly crash the firewall's cluster synchronization pro…
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High 7.8
llama.cpp b5899 before b10261 Heap Out-of-Bounds Write via plamo2 Tokenizer
llama.cpp b5899 before b10261 contains a heap out-of-bounds write vulnerability in llm_tokenizer_plamo2::build that allows attackers to corrupt heap memory via crafted GGUF models. Attackers can supply BYTE-typed token text like <0x-1> whose negative parsed v…
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High 8.2
llama.cpp before b3701 Out-of-Bounds Read in llama_decode via Token IDs
llama.cpp before b3701 contains an out-of-bounds read vulnerability in llama_decode_internal and llama_encode_internal that allows remote unauthenticated attackers to read memory by supplying unvalidated token IDs. Attackers can send integer-array prompts to …
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High 7.1
Multiple Out-of-Bounds Reads in Frame Processing
SOEM version 2.0.0 and earlier contains multiple vulnerabilities in frame processing where a malicious device can cause the master to read data outside allocated buffers. The software uses length and offset values from device messages without validating them …
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High 8.7
Denial of Service via Malformed VATP Packet in Velneo vServer
Improper validation of array index vulnerability in Velneo vServer. This issue affects vServer: from 36.0 before 36.6 and from 37.0 before 37.2.
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High 7.1
HMS Networks PEAK-System PCAN Windows drivers Improper Validation of Array Index
The PEAK-System PCAN parser indexes a length table using attacker-controlled DLC without enforcing DLC <= 0x0f, then copies attacker payload from record+0x1c into a fixed-size stack destination.
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High 7.5
libIEC61850: Remote NULL dereference in MMS Read alternate-access sub-array path leads to server-side DoS
libIEC61850 is an open-source implementation of IEC 61850 client and server protocols including MMS, GOOSE, Sampled Values, and R-Session. Prior to 1.6.2, alternateArrayAccess in src/mms/iso_mms/server/mms_read_service.c does not validate an alternate-access …
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High 7.5
Excelize ColumnNameToNumber: int64 overflow yields an out-of-domain coordinate with nil error, causing negative slice index panic on r="0" rows
Excelize is a Go language library for reading and writing Microsoft Excel spreadsheets. From 2.0.0 to 2.11.0 in github.com/xuri/excelize/v2 and from 1.1.0 to 1.4.1 in github.com/xuri/excelize, ColumnNameToNumber accumulates a bijective base-26 value in int64 …
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High 8.7
Excelize: Unchecked pivot-cache field index in extractPivotTableFields causes unrecoverable panic
Excelize is a Go language library for reading and writing Microsoft Excel spreadsheets. From 2.8.1 to 2.11.0, separately parsed pivot-table field indices are used to index the pivot-cache field-name slice without bounds checks. extractPivotTableFields uses ge…
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High 7.8
NVIDIA GPU Display Driver for Windows and Linux contains a vulnerability in the kernel mode layer, where a user could c…
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High 8.5
Apache PLC4X, Apache PLC4X, Apache PLC4X, Apache PLC4X: ADS discovery accepts spoofed responses and derives the connection target from them
Improper Verification of Source of a Communication Channel in the ADS discovery of the Go implementation of Apache PLC4X (PLC4Go) allows an attacker able to send UDP datagrams to the discovering host to redirect subsequent connections to an arbitrary, attacke…
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High 8.7
Apache PLC4X: Go binding: unbounded allocation and framing failures on wire-controlled lengths
Integer Overflow, Improper Validation of Array Index, Uncontrolled Recursion and Memory Allocation with Excessive Size Value in the Go implementation of Apache PLC4X (PLC4Go) allow a malicious device, or an attacker able to inject network traffic, to crash or…
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High 7.5
Wire Swift runtime: negative LENGTH_DELIMITED length in skipGroup() crashes any protobuf-decoding service
Wire provides gRPC and protocol buffers for Android, Kotlin, Swift, and Java. Prior to 6.4.1 and 7.0.0-alpha04, Wire's Swift runtime ProtoReader.skipGroup(expectedEndTag:unknownFieldsWriter:) accepts a negative length for a LENGTH_DELIMITED field inside an un…
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High 8.7
temporalio/tchannel-go zero-chunk call fragment causes process termination
github.com/temporalio/tchannel-go did not reject TChannel call fragments containing checksum metadata but no length-prefixed argument chunks. The fragment reader left its chunk slice empty and then unconditionally selected the first element. A network peer ca…
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High 8.7
temporalio/tchannel-go malformed checksum type causes process termination
github.com/temporalio/tchannel-go did not validate the one-byte checksum-type field in inbound TChannel call frames. A network peer that can reach a listener can complete the standard initialization handshake and send a call request with an unsupported checks…
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High 7.1
temporalio/sqlparser malformed MySQL version comments can cause a panic
temporalio/sqlparser can panic when Parse, ParseStrictDDL, or ParseNext processes a MySQL version comment whose contents are empty or consist only of one to five decimal digits. ExtractMysqlComment does not check the -1 result returned by strings.IndexFunc be…
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High 7.5
vLLM before 0.28.0 Denial of Service via negative token ID
vLLM versions before 0.28.0 fail to validate the lower bound of token IDs in the /v1/embeddings and /pooling endpoints, allowing unauthenticated attackers to crash the engine by submitting negative token IDs. A single request with a negative token ID triggers…
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High 8.7
gRPC-Go: Denial of Service (DoS) via crash due to missing `:authority` and `Host` headers in the xDS servers
gRPC-Go is the Go language implementation of gRPC. Prior to 1.82.2 and 1.83.2, servers created with xds.NewGRPCServer() allow internal/transport/http2_server.go to accept an RPC containing neither the :authority header nor the Host header, while RouteAndProce…
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High 7.8
Tesseract: Heap out-of-bounds write in UNICHARSET::load_via_fgets via count/insert desynchronization
Tesseract is an open source OCR engine. In version 5.5.3 and earlier, UNICHARSET::load_via_fgets in src/ccutil/unicharset.cpp trusts the declared unichar count as a loop bound and uses id as an unchecked index into the unichars vector. unichar_insert_backward…
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High 8.7
OOBR and OOBW in libpcap before 1.10.7
In BPF instructions that load/store a value from/to a scratch memory register the register index is an unsigned 32-bit integer and must not exceed 15, but libpcap BPF interpreter does not validate the value. In particular uncommon use cases a crafted filter p…
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High 8.4
PJSIP: SDP parser out-of-bounds write in remote payload-type map maintenance
PJSIP is a free and open source multimedia communication library written in C. Prior to commit 673b978, a remote out-of-bounds read and write can occur in the SDP negotiator when the remote payload-type map maintenance feature is enabled. assign_pt_and_update…
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High 8.8
Zephyr virtio driver calls an arbitrary function pointer from an out-of-range used-ring descriptor id
The Zephyr virtio driver does not validate the descriptor-chain head id that the virtio device writes into the used ring. In virtio_isr() (drivers/virtio/virtio_common.c), the device-written vq->used->ring[idx].id is used directly as an index into vq->recv_cb…
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High 7.3
Power System Improper Validation
IBM PowerVM Hypervisor FW1120.00, FW1110.00 through FW1110.30, FW1060.00 through FW1060.80, and FW950.00 through FW950.H2 is affected by a vulnerability in the PowerVM hypervisor call interface. An attacker with root access to a guest partition can issue a sp…
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High 8.2
Deskflow - Unauthenticated server-controlled out-of-bounds read in ServerProxy::setOptions / translateKey modifier-table indexing
Deskflow is a keyboard and mouse sharing app. Prior to continuous build 1.26.0.299, a remote unauthenticated Deskflow server can send kMsgDSetOptions (DSOP) values to ServerProxy::setOptions() in src/lib/client/ServerProxy.cpp so that the value following a mo…
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High 8.7
frp: Unauthenticated Remote Denial of Service in the frp SSH Tunnel Gateway via Integer Overflow
frp is a fast reverse proxy. From 0.53.0 until 0.70.1, frp's optional SSH Tunnel Gateway in pkg/ssh/server.go parses an SSH exec channel request by adding 4 to an attacker-controlled four-byte big-endian length. A length of 0xFFFFFFFF makes the uint32 additio…
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High 7.1
TimescaleDB 2.29.1 Out-of-Bounds Read DoS via Bulk Dictionary Decompression Negative Index
TimescaleDB through 2.29.1, fixed in commit 517c13e, contains an out-of-bounds read vulnerability that allows authenticated attackers to cause query-result integrity failures or backend crashes by supplying a crafted Simple8b selector-11 value, which is store…
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High 8.1
TimescaleDB 2.29.1 Out-of-Bounds Read Information Disclosure via Dictionary Compression Reverse Iterator
TimescaleDB through 2.29.1, fixed in commit 517c13e, contains an out-of-bounds read in the Dictionary compression reverse row iterator (tsl/src/compression/algorithms/dictionary.c). The forward path validates the decoded index; the reverse path uses an assert…
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High 7.5CVE-2026-52856 Public exploit
Wings: Maliciously crafted packet during SFTP connection handshake causes denial of service
Wings is the server control plane for Pterodactyl, a free, open-source game server management panel. Prior to 1.13.0, a malformed packet received during the SFTP connection handshake causes a Go panic. This issue is fixed in version 1.13.0.
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High 7.5
Wire: skipGroup() missing negative-length check allows 10-byte payload to crash any Wire-decoding service
Wire provides gRPC and protocol buffers for Android, Kotlin, Swift, and Java. Prior to 6.3.0 and 7.0.0-alpha03, ByteArrayProtoReader32.skipGroup() and ProtoReader.skipGroup() in wire-runtime do not validate that a LENGTH_DELIMITED field length is non-negative…
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High 7.1
ncnn: Out-of-bounds heap write in ParamDict::load_param via unchecked negative parameter id
ncnn is a high-performance neural network inference framework optimized for the mobile platform. In commit e54f7b1f88434e1d844ea0551b880a1cfb079ce1 and earlier, ncnn allows an out-of-bounds heap write in ncnn::ParamDict::load_param() when Net::load_param() lo…
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High 7.8
NVIDIA TensorRT for contains a vulnerability where an attacker might cause an improper validation of array index. A suc…
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High 7.5
Ollama downloadBlob Improper Validation of Array Index Denial-of-Service Vulnerability
Ollama downloadBlob Improper Validation of Array Index Denial-of-Service Vulnerability. This vulnerability allows remote attackers to create a denial-of-service condition on affected installations of Ollama. Authentication is not required to exploit this vuln…
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High 7.8
Foxit PDF Editor/Reader Cloud Appearance Buffer Overflow Vulnerability
The application opens a PDF, but the cloud-like appearance of the construction process lacks proper setting of an upper limit and consistency checks. Out-of-bounds access to the underlying array is exposed, ultimately leading to a crash of the application.
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High 8.3
GeoVision GeoWebPlayer Websocket Server out-of-bounds read vulnerability
GeoWebPlayer (also called "Web Plugin" in the GV-VMS documentation and "WS Player" for VMS-Cloud) is an addon that can be installed with various GeoVision software (GV-VMS, GV-Cloud, ...). It creates a websocket server that expands the capabilities of the var…
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High 8.3
GeoVision GeoWebPlayer Websocket Server out-of-bounds read vulnerability
GeoWebPlayer (also called "Web Plugin" in the GV-VMS documentation and "WS Player" for VMS-Cloud) is an addon that can be installed with various GeoVision software (GV-VMS, GV-Cloud, ...). It creates a websocket server that expands the capabilities of the var…