Weakness (CWE)
CWE-1333: Inefficient Regular Expression Complexity
The product uses a regular expression with a worst-case computational complexity that is inefficient and possibly exponential.
How to prevent it (4 mitigations)
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Architecture and Design
Use regular expressions that do not support backtracking, e.g. by removing nested quantifiers.
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System Configuration
Set backtracking limits in the configuration of the regular expression implementation, such as PHP's pcre.backtrack_limit. Also consider limits on execution time for the process.
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Implementation
Do not use regular expressions with untrusted input. If regular expressions must be used, avoid using backtracking in the expression.
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Implementation
Limit the length of the input that the regular expression will process.
Source: MITRE CWE-1333
587 results · Feed
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Medium 5.5
JLine: ReDoS via `HISTORY_IGNORE` Configuration Variable
JLine is a Java library for handling console input. From 3.0.0 until 3.30.15 and 4.3.1, DefaultHistory.matchPatterns(String patterns, String line) in reader/src/main/java/org/jline/reader/impl/history/DefaultHistory.java converts the HISTORY_IGNORE configurat…
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High 7.5
JLine: ReDoS in Built-in grep Command Amplified by Automatic `.*` Wrapping
JLine is a Java library for handling console input. From 3.0.0 until 3.30.15 and 4.3.1, the JLine built-in grep command in builtins/src/main/java/org/jline/builtins/PosixCommands.java accepts a user-controlled regular expression in grep(...) and, unless line-…
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Medium 6.5
JLine: ReDoS in Nano Editor Regex Search Mode
JLine is a Java library for handling console input. From 3.0.0 until 3.30.15 and 4.3.1, the JLine built-in nano editor's regex search mode passes a user-controlled search term from doSearch(String text) in builtins/src/main/java/org/jline/builtins/Nano.java t…
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High 7.5
jackson-core: quadratic backtracking in NumberInput.PATTERN_FLOAT via looksLikeValidNumber() enables ReDoS
NumberInput.looksLikeValidNumber() in FasterXML jackson-core pre-validates "stringified numbers" with two regular expressions: PATTERN_FLOAT ([+-]?[0-9]*[\.]?[0-9]+([eE][+-]?[0-9]+)?), present since 2.17.0, and PATTERN_FLOAT_TRAILING_DOT, added in 2.17.2. PAT…
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Medium 6.5
Sync-in Server has a ReDoS via Unsanitized Regex in Sync Diff `pathFilters`
Sync-in Server is an open-source platform for file storage, sharing, collaboration, and syncing. Prior to version 2.4.0, the sync diff endpoint compiles a user-supplied string into a `RegExp` with no complexity validation. A catastrophic-backtracking pattern …
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High 7.5
Denial of service via unbounded regex matching in Mongoid's in-memory query matcher
An inefficient regular expression complexity issue in the in-memory query evaluation component of the Mongoid library may allow an unauthenticated party to cause excessive processing within an embedding application process. Applications that place user-suppli…
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Medium 5.3
Soup Sieve: Polynomial-time ReDoS (O(n²)) in the whitespace/comment trimming regex `RE_WS_END` (triggers on VALID selectors)
Soup Sieve is a CSS selector library designed to be used with Beautiful Soup 4. Prior to 2.9, selector_iter in src/soupsieve/css_parser.py trims the raw selector with RE_WS_END, an end-anchored WSC whitespace-and-comment expression used with search(), so the …
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Medium 5.3
Soup Sieve: Polynomial-time ReDoS (O(n²)) in the `IDENTIFIER` / `VALUE` selector sub-patterns
Soup Sieve is a CSS selector library designed to be used with Beautiful Soup 4. Prior to 2.9, the selector parser in src/soupsieve/css_parser.py defines IDENTIFIER with adjacent quantified groups over overlapping character classes, and VALUE embeds IDENTIFIER…
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High 7.5
Vendure: Unauthenticated ReDoS via `regex` filter on SQLite backends
Vendure is an open-source headless commerce platform. Prior to 3.6.5, the public Shop GraphQL API allows an unauthenticated caller to supply a catastrophically backtracking pattern through StringOperators.regex. packages/core/src/service/helpers/list-query-bu…
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High 7.5
Joi before 17.13.7 and 18.2.6 ReDoS via isoDate
joi (npm package `joi`, hapi.js) versions >=17.2.0 <17.13.7 and >=18.0.0 <18.2.6 are vulnerable to regular expression denial of service in the `Joi.string().isoDate()` validation rule. One of the regular expressions the rule applies to the input is unanchored…
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Medium 5.3
a2ui-project a2ui Basic Catalog safe_regex.ts redos
A vulnerability was identified in a2ui-project a2ui up to 0.10.6. Affected is an unknown function of the file renderers/web_core/src/v0_9/basic_catalog/functions/safe_regex.ts of the component Basic Catalog. Such manipulation leads to inefficient regular expr…
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High 7.1
OpenCTI: User-Controlled ReDoS in JSON Ingestion Mapper
OpenCTI is an open source platform for managing cyber threat intelligence knowledge and observables. Prior to 7.260706.0, the JSON ingestion mapper's extractWithRegexp formula function compiled a user-supplied regular expression with the JavaScript RegExp eng…
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High 8.2
DotVVM: ReDOS in routing
DotVVM is an open source MVVM framework for web applications. Prior to 4.2.11, 4.3.15, and 5.0.0-preview09-final, a route containing multiple unconstrained parameters in one path segment can cause excessive regular-expression backtracking in DotvvmRoute.IsMat…
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Critical 10.0
Apache OpenNLP, Apache OpenNLP: ReDoS / stack exhaustion in RegexNameFinderFactory built-in EMAIL and URL patterns
The two built-in name-finder patterns exposed by opennlp.tools.namefind.RegexNameFinderFactory - DEFAULT_REGEX_NAME_FINDER.EMAIL and DEFAULT_REGEX_NAME_FINDER.URL - contain ambiguous nested quantifiers. An application that obtains these finders through RegexN…
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High 7.5
jackson-databind: unbounded numeric parse in Duration and XMLGregorianCalendar deserialization allows CPU denial of service
jackson-databind binds a JSON string to a javax.xml.datatype.Duration or javax.xml.datatype.XMLGregorianCalendar field by passing the raw string verbatim to DatatypeFactory.newDuration(value) or newXMLGregorianCalendar(value) in CoreXMLDeserializers.Std._dese…
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Medium 6.5
Apache Artemis, Apache ActiveMQ Artemis: Message selector wildcard handling could lead to denial of service
An authenticated client could attach a consumer with a selector containing crafted wildcard usage that results in excessive evaluation during message delivery attempts, occupying a shared broker thread and leading to denial of service. This issue affects Apac…
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High 7.5
GitPython before 3.1.60 Denial of Service via ReDoS
GitPython before 3.1.60 contains a regular expression denial of service vulnerability in Actor.name_email_regex that processes commit author and committer fields. Attackers can craft a commit object with a malformed author field containing an unterminated ang…
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High 7.1
n8n: Regular Expression Denial of Service in the Default Blocked-File-Pattern Match via a Git Node Clone Path
n8n is an open source workflow automation platform. Prior to 1.123.76, 2.37.7, and 2.38.2, the Git node clone operation matched an attacker-controlled destination path against the default N8N_BLOCK_FILE_PATTERNS regular expression. The pattern ^(./).git(/.)$ …
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High —
Tiptap: Quadratic ReDoS in block and inline Markdown attribute parsing
## Summary `@tiptap/core` contains two quadratic regular-expression denial-of-service paths in its default Markdown attribute parsers. Pandoc-style block attributes use two unanchored greedy expressions that rescan repeated `__QUOTED_0` prefixes. Inline short…
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High 7.5
league/commonmark before 2.9.1 Denial of Service via parsing
league/commonmark versions before 2.9.1 contain multiple denial of service vulnerabilities in fenced code block detection, reference link label lookup, and emphasis delimiter processing that perform super-linear work on crafted input. Attackers can submit spe…
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Medium 6.9
Colord: Slow rejection of oversized malformed color strings
Colord is a tiny yet powerful tool for high-performance color manipulations and conversions. Prior to 2.9.4, synchronous CSS color string matchers in src/colorModels/rgbString.ts, src/colorModels/hslString.ts, src/colorModels/hwbString.ts, src/colorModels/lch…
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High 7.5
Allowed UNC hostnames for attachments interpreted as a regular expression
The values of the mail.allowed_attachment_hostnames advanced config setting were used in a regular expression without escaping. For some possible valid hostnames, this could allow certain unintended hostnames to also match and serve remote attachments. This v…
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High 8.7
xmldom: End-tag Whitespace-Trim Regex ReDoS — quadratic backtracking in the 0.8.x end-tag parser
xmldom is a pure JavaScript W3C standard-based (XML DOM Level 2 Core) DOMParser and XMLSerializer module. From 0.7.0 until 0.8.15, the release-0.8.x parser in lib/sax.js trims captured end-tag names with the unanchored global expression /[ \t\n\r]+$/g. For an…
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High 8.7
xmldom PI grammar regex ReDoS: quadratic backtracking on unterminated processing instructions
xmldom is a pure JavaScript W3C standard-based (XML DOM Level 2 Core) DOMParser and XMLSerializer module. From 0.9.0-beta.9 until 0.9.11, the processing-instruction production in lib/grammar.js lets the greedy S+ separator and lazy Char*? data group repeatedl…
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Medium 5.3
nodemailer before 6.9.9 ReDoS via attachDataUrls parameter
nodemailer before 6.9.9 contains a regular expression denial of service vulnerability in email parsing when attachDataUrls parameter is set or processing embedded file attachments. Attackers can send specially crafted emails with malicious data URLs or embedd…
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High 7.1
Protego: Exponential backtracking ReDoS in robots.txt URL wildcard matching
Protego is a pure-Python robots.txt parser with support for modern conventions. Prior to 0.6.2, protego._urlpattern._URLPattern._prepare_pattern_for_regex translates every asterisk in an Allow or Disallow directive into a lazy regular-expression wildcard, so …
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Low 3.7
NLTK before 3.10.3 Regular Expression Denial of Service via Pl196xCorpusReader
NLTK before 3.10.3 contains a regular expression denial of service vulnerability in Pl196xCorpusReader that allows attackers to cause quadratic CPU consumption by supplying malformed TEI blocks with many unmatched opening tags. Attackers can exploit lazy rege…
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Medium 5.9
NLTK 3.10.2 Regular Expression Denial of Service via tgrep
NLTK before 3.10.3 contains a regular expression denial of service (ReDoS) vulnerability in the tgrep module. The _tgrep_node_action function compiles user-supplied regular expressions embedded in /regex/ pattern nodes and executes them via re.search against …
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High 7.5
NLTK before 3.10.0 ReDoS via Text.findall() unvalidated regex
NLTK versions before 3.10.0 contain a regular expression denial of service vulnerability in Text.findall() and TokenSearcher.findall() methods that accept user-supplied regular expressions without validation or timeout. Attackers can supply crafted regex patt…
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High 7.5
Nokogiri before 1.19.3 ReDoS via CSS selector tokenizer
Nokogiri versions before 1.19.3 contain regular expression denial of service vulnerabilities in the CSS selector tokenizer affecting string-literal and identifier tokenization. Attackers can inject adversarial CSS selectors into methods like Node#css, Node#at…
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High 7.5
Denial of Service (DoS) in SAP S/4HANA (Manage Supply Protection)
SAP S/4HANA (Private Cloud) uses a third-party component that contains a Regular Expression Denial of Service (ReDoS) vulnerability. An unauthenticated attacker could supply specially crafted input that triggers excessive processing within the affected functi…
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Medium 4.9
Checkmate: Regular Expression Denial of Service (ReDoS) via User-Controlled Regex in Monitor Advanced Matching
Checkmate is an open-source, self-hosted tool designed to track and monitor server hardware, uptime, response times, and incidents in real-time with beautiful visualizations. From 3.5.1 until 3.9.2, an authenticated admin or superadmin can set matchMethod to …
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High 7.5
NLTK TweetTokenizer URL Pattern Backtracks Catastrophically on Naked-Domain-Like Input
The URLS regular expression in nltk/tokenize/casual.py, compiled into TweetTokenizer.WORD_RE and applied by TweetTokenizer.tokenize, contains a naked-domain branch whose domain-label prefix [a-z0-9]+(?:[.\-][a-z0-9]+)* is unbounded. Input consisting of many a…
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Medium 5.3
n8n before 1.123.69 ReDoS via Filter and Switch Node
n8n before 1.123.69, 2.x before 2.33.4, and 2.34.x before 2.34.1 contains a regular expression denial of service (ReDoS) vulnerability in the Filter and Switch nodes, which compile user-supplied regex patterns with new RegExp() and execute them synchronously …
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High 7.5
Logto: ReDoS via unescaped user input in email subaddressing regex (blockSubaddressing)
Logto is the modern, open-source auth infrastructure for SaaS and AI apps. Prior to 1.41.0, Logto's email subaddressing blocklist in packages/core/src/libraries/sign-in-experience/email-blocklist-policy.ts used the attacker-controlled domain from email input …
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Medium 6.0
Grav: Authenticated ReDoS via regex_replace in Twig Sandbox
Grav is a file-based Web platform. Prior to 2.0.4, Grav allowlists the regex_replace filter and function in system/config/security.yaml, and GravExtension::regexReplace() passes an editor-controlled pattern directly to preg_replace(). When security.twig_conte…
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Medium 6.5
Wazuh 4.0.0 < 4.14.7 API DoS via Deeply Nested JSON auth_context
Wazuh 4.0.0 before 4.14.7 and 5.0.0-beta2 contain a denial of service vulnerability that allows authenticated attackers with allow_run_as enabled to exhaust CPU resources by submitting arbitrarily deeply nested JSON structures to the POST /security/user/authe…
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High 8.7
sqlparse: TokenList.__init__ materializes O(subtree) value per group, causing CPU DoS before depth/token caps trigger
sqlparse is a non-validating SQL parser module for Python. Prior to 0.6.0, TokenList construction and string conversion in sqlparse/sql.py repeatedly flatten nested token subtrees constructed by group_parenthesis and group_case, causing quadratic CPU consumpt…
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High 7.5
sqlparse: Inefficient Regex Handling of Dollar-Quoted SQL Literals Leads to ReDoS (Denial of Service)
sqlparse is a non-validating SQL parser module for Python. Prior to 0.6.0, SQL_REGEX in sqlparse/keywords.py and the per-position loop in sqlparse/lexer.py repeatedly scan unmatched dollar-quoted literal and multiline-comment delimiters, causing quadratic CPU…
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High 7.5
ParseAcceptLanguage quadratic-time DoS via Locale middleware on unauthenticated requests
ParseAcceptLanguage quadratic-time DoS via Locale middleware on unauthenticated requests