Weakness (CWE)
CWE-1385: Missing Origin Validation in WebSockets
The product uses a WebSocket, but it does not properly verify that the source of data or communication is valid.
How to prevent it (7 mitigations)
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Implementation
Enable CORS-like access restrictions by verifying the 'Origin' header during the WebSocket handshake.
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Implementation
Use a randomized CSRF token to verify requests.
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Implementation
Use TLS to securely communicate using 'wss' (WebSocket Secure) instead of 'ws'.
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Architecture and Design, Implementation
Require user authentication prior to the WebSocket connection being established. For example, the WS library in Node has a 'verifyClient' function.
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Implementation
Leverage rate limiting to prevent against DoS. Use of the leaky bucket algorithm can help with this.
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Implementation
Use a library that provides restriction of the payload size. For example, WS library for Node includes 'maxPayloadoption' that can be set.
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Implementation
Treat data/input as untrusted in both directions and apply the same data/input sanitization as XSS, SQLi, etc.
Source: MITRE CWE-1385
51 results · Feed
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Medium 6.5
Goobi viewer: WebSocket endpoints lack server-side authentication and origin validation
The Goobi viewer is a web application that allows digitised material to be displayed in a web browser. From version 4.11.0 to before version 26.05, several Jakarta WebSocket endpoints in goobi-viewer-core (DownloadTaskEndpoint, CampaignEndpoint, AutocompleteE…
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High 7.2
Cross-Site WebSocket Hijacking and Permissive CORS in Google Agent Development Kit (ADK) for Java Development Server
Missing Origin Validation in WebSockets (CWE-1385) and Permissive Cross-domain Policy with Untrusted Domains (CWE-942) in the development web server (ADK Web) in Google Agent Development Kit (ADK) for Java (com.google.adk:google-adk-dev versions 0.1.0 before …
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High 8.2
webpack-dev-server vulnerable to cross-origin WebSocket access via proxied upgrades
webpack-dev-server is a development server that provides live reloading for webpack projects. In versions before 5.2.7 and in version 6.0.0, when a proxy entry is configured to forward WebSockets, the server forwards non-HMR WebSocket upgrade requests to the …
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High 8.7
Cross-Site WebSocket Hijacking in Google Cloud Shell
A Cross-Site WebSocket Hijacking vulnerability in Cloud Shell prior to 2026-07-22 on Google Cloud Platform allows an unauthenticated attacker to hijack an active Cloud Shell session and exfiltrate the user's OAuth access token using a cross-origin WebSocket r…
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High 8.8
obsidian-tc Streamable HTTP transport permits cross-origin loopback vault access
obsidian-tc is a governed, agent-ready Model Context Protocol server for Obsidian vaults. Prior to 1.3.1, the Streamable HTTP transport does not validate the Host or Origin header or enable DNS-rebinding protection. When the documented loopback configuration …
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Medium 4.3
Network-AI 5.0.0 before 5.15.2 Cross-Site WebSocket Hijacking via DashboardServer
Network-AI 5.0.0 before 5.15.2 contains a cross-site WebSocket hijacking vulnerability in DashboardServer that allows remote attackers to read live agent topology because handleUpgrade performs no Origin or token validation. Attackers can lure a victim runnin…
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Medium 5.3
Punk versions from 0.48 before 0.55 for Perl route Extended CONNECT requests to any GET route without an Origin check in ps_serve_one
Punk versions from 0.48 before 0.55 for Perl route Extended CONNECT requests to any GET route without an Origin check in ps_serve_one. On HTTP/2 and HTTP/3 a WebSocket handshake arrives as an Extended CONNECT, which is matched as a GET and so reaches every GE…
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Medium 5.3
RabbitMQ: CSWSH on Web-STOMP / Web-MQTT (no Origin validation)
RabbitMQ is a messaging and streaming broker. Prior to versions 3.13.15, 4.0.20, 4.1.11, 4.2.6, and 4.3.0, Neither the Web-MQTT handler (deps/rabbitmq_web_mqtt/src/rabbit_web_mqtt_handler.erl:104) nor the Web-STOMP handler (deps/rabbitmq_web_stomp/src/rabbit_…
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Medium 4.7
rhwp browser extension performs SSRF / private-network requests and leaks HWP preview data to untrusted pages
rhwp is an HWP viewer and editor implemented in Rust and WebAssembly. Prior to rhwp 0.7.15 and rhwp Chrome and Firefox extension 0.2.4, the browser extensions use an all-URLs host permission to detect HWP and HWPX links on visited pages, but the service worke…
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Medium 5.4
Security vulnerabilities have been addressed in IBM Verify Identity Access and IBM Security Verify Access
IBM Verify Identity Access is missing origin validation which could allow a remote attacker to perform operations as the victim and potentially launch further attacks against the systems.
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Medium 4.3
IBM i is Affected By Multiple Vulnerabilities in Navigator for i and Digital Certificate Manager for i.
IBM i 7.6, 7.5, 7.4, and 7.3 could allow a remote attacker to obtain sensitive information due to improper validation of the WebSocket origin.
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High 8.8
Headroom vulnerable to Cross-Site WebSocket Hijacking (CSWSH)
Headroom compresses data before the data reaches a large language model. Prior to version 0.35.0, the Headroom WebSocket server does not validate the `Origin` header of incoming client WebSocket requests before forwarding the request to the upstream server, a…
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Medium 5.8
career-ops: Local dashboard API accepted cross-origin and non-loopback requests, allowing unauthenticated command execution
career-ops is an open-source AI-assisted job search and application management tool. Prior to 0.8.0, the career-ops local web dashboard web/ exposed command-spawning and user-file-writing /api routes without validating request origin or restricting clients to…
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Critical 9.3
Taipy through 4.1.1 Cross-Site WebSocket Hijacking via Wildcard socket.io CORS
Taipy configures its socket.io server with wildcard CORS origin and credential flag enabled, allowing any web page to establish credentialed WebSocket connections to victim applications. Attackers can open socket.io sessions from arbitrary domains and invoke …
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Medium 6.9
PassPortal browser extension: vault token disclosure via unvalidated postMessage
vault token disclosure via unvalidated postMessage vulnerability in N-able PassPortal allows Authentication Abuse. This issue affects the PassPortal browser extension: before 3.49.6.
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High 7.6
MCP Python SDK: WebSocket server transport does not support Host/Origin validation
The MCP Python SDK, called mcp on PyPI, is a Python implementation of the Model Context Protocol (MCP). Prior to 1.28.1, the deprecated mcp.server.websocket.websocket_server transport accepted WebSocket handshakes without applying Host or Origin header valida…
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High 7.5
Apache Helix REST: Permissive CORS Configuration in REST API Allows Unrestricted Cross-Origin
Permissive Cross-Origin Resource Sharing (CORS) in the REST API (helix-rest, org.apache.helix.rest.server.filters.CORSFilter) in Apache Helix through 2.0.0 on all platforms allows a remote attacker controlling a web page visited by an authorized user to read …
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Medium 6.8
Midscene Bridge Server - Session Hijack via Unauthenticated WebSocket
Midscene Bridge Server through 1.10.3, fixed in commit 86f4118, contains a missing authentication and CORS misconfiguration vulnerability that allows unauthenticated remote attackers to hijack active bridge sessions by opening a cross-origin WebSocket connect…
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High 8.8
In affected versions of Eclipse Theia (1.8.1 and later), the browser backend exposes privileged terminal RPC over WebSo…
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Critical 9.6
Cline Kanban Server has a Cross-Origin WebSocket Hijacking Vulnerability
Cline is an autonomous coding agent as an SDK, IDE extension, or CLI assistant. In versions 2.13.0 and prior, there is a cross-origin WebSocket hijack vulnerability in Cline Kanban servers. At time of publication, there are no publicly available patches.
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Medium 6.5
Kubetail: Cross-Site WebSocket Hijacking allows attacker to read Kubernetes logs from authenticated users
Kubetail is a real-time logging dashboard for Kubernetes. Prior to 0.14.0, Kubetail's dashboard exposes WebSocket endpoints that did not adequately validate the Origin header on connection upgrade. A malicious web page visited by a user with an active Kubetai…
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Medium 5.5
Nginx-UI vulnerable to Cross-Site WebSocket Hijacking (CSWSH) via missing origin validation on all WebSocket endpoints
Nginx UI is a web user interface for the Nginx web server. Prior to version 2.3.5, all WebSocket endpoints in nginx-ui use a gorilla/websocket Upgrader with CheckOrigin unconditionally returning true, allowing Cross-Site WebSocket Hijacking (CSWSH). Combined …
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High 8.0
nanobot: Cross-Site WebSocket Hijacking in WhatsApp Bridge (CVE-2026-2577 Fix Update)
nanobot is a personal AI assistant. Versions prior to 0.1.5 contain a Cross-Site WebSocket Hijacking (CSWSH) vulnerability exists in the bridge's WebSocket server in bridge/src/server.ts, resulting from an incomplete remediation of CVE-2026-2577. The original…
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Low 2.3
Next.js: null origin can bypass dev HMR websocket CSRF checks
Next.js is a React framework for building full-stack web applications. Starting in version 16.0.1 and prior to version 16.1.7, in `next dev`, cross-site protection for internal websocket endpoints could treat `Origin: null` as a bypass case even if `allowedDe…
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Medium 5.3
Missing origin validation in GraphicalData web service requests
A missing origin validation in WebSockets vulnerability affects the GraphicalData web services used by the WebVue, WebScheduler, TouchVue and SnapVue features of PcVue in version 12.0.0 through 16.3.3 included. It might allow a remote attacker to lure a succe…
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High 8.9
Storybook Dev Server Vulnerable to WebSocket Hijacking
Storybook is a frontend workshop for building user interface components and pages in isolation. Prior to versions 7.6.23, 8.6.17, 9.1.19, and 10.2.10, the WebSocket functionality in Storybook's dev server, used to create and update stories, is vulnerable to W…
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High 7.1CVE-2025-68930 Public exploit
Traccar Missing Origin Validation in WebSockets
Versions of the Traccar open-source GPS tracking system up to and including 6.11.1 contain a Cross-Site WebSocket Hijacking (CSWSH) vulnerability in the `/api/socket` endpoint. The application fails to validate the `Origin` header during the WebSocket handsha…
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Medium 6.5
@farmfe/core is Missing Origin Validation in WebSocket
npm @farmfe/core before 1.7.6 is Missing Origin Validation in WebSocket. The development (hot module reloading) server does not validate origin when connecting to a WebSocket client. This allows attackers to surveil developers running Farm who visit their web…
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Medium 6.5
Mailpit is vulnerable to Cross-Site WebSocket Hijacking (CSWSH) allowing unauthenticated access to emails
Mailpit is an email testing tool and API for developers. Prior to version 1.28.2, the Mailpit WebSocket server is configured to accept connections from any origin. This lack of Origin header validation introduces a Cross-Site WebSocket Hijacking (CSWSH) vulne…
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Medium 4.5
Bokeh server applications have Incomplete Origin Validation in WebSockets
Bokeh is an interactive visualization library written in Python. In versions 3.8.1 and below, if a server is configured with an allowlist (e.g., dashboard.corp), an attacker can register a domain like dashboard.corp.attacker.com (or use a subdomain if applica…
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Medium 5.3
GroupSession Free edition prior to ver5.3.0, GroupSession byCloud prior to ver5.3.3, and GroupSession ZION prior to ver…
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High 7.4
Privilege Escalation via WebSocket Connection Hijacking in LXD Operations API
Privilege Escalation in operations API in Canonical LXD <6.5 on multiple platforms allows attacker with read permissions to hijack terminal or console sessions and execute arbitrary commands via WebSocket connection hijacking format
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High 8.6
Komari Allows Cross-site WebSocket Hijacking
Komari is a lightweight, self-hosted server monitoring tool designed to provide a simple and efficient solution for monitoring server performance. Prior to 1.0.4-fix1, WebSocket upgrader has disabled origin checking, enabling Cross-Site WebSocket Hijacking (C…
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High 7.5
Apache Zeppelin: Command Injection via CSWSH
Missing Origin Validation in WebSockets vulnerability in Apache Zeppelin. The attacker could access the Zeppelin server from another origin without any restriction, and get internal information about paragraphs. This issue affects Apache Zeppelin: from 0.11.…
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Medium 6.3
IBM Db2 Mirror for i cross-site websocket hijacking
IBM Db2 Mirror for i 7.4, 7.5, and 7.6 GUI is affected by cross-site WebSocket hijacking vulnerability. By sending a specially crafted request, an unauthenticated malicious actor could exploit this vulnerability to sniff an existing WebSocket connection to th…
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High 8.8
Claude Code IDE extensions allow websocket connections from arbitrary origins
Claude Code is an agentic coding tool. Claude Code extensions in VSCode and forks (e.g., Cursor, Windsurf, and VSCodium) and JetBrains IDEs (e.g., IntelliJ, Pycharm, and Android Studio) are vulnerable to unauthorized websocket connections from an attacker whe…
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Low 2.3
Information exposure in Next.js dev server due to lack of origin verification
Next.js is a React framework for building full-stack web applications. In versions starting from 13.0 to before 14.2.30 and 15.0.0 to before 15.2.2, Next.js may have allowed limited source code exposure when the dev server was running with the App Router enab…
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Medium 5.4
Cross-Site WebSocket Hijacking Vulnerability in Hitachi Ops Center Analyzer
Cross-Site WebSocket Hijacking vulnerability in Hitachi Ops Center Analyzer (RAID Agent component).This issue affects Hitachi Ops Center Analyzer: from 10.8.0-00 before 11.0.4-00; Hitachi Ops Center Analyzer: from 10.9.0-00 before 11.0.4-00.
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Critical 9.7
Remote Code Execution when accessing a malicious website while Vitest API server is listening
Vitest is a testing framework powered by Vite. Affected versions are subject to arbitrary remote Code Execution when accessing a malicious website while Vitest API server is listening by Cross-site WebSocket hijacking (CSWSH) attacks. When `api` option is ena…
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Critical 9.4CVE-2024-48849 Public exploit
Authentication and Authorization Issues
Missing Origin Validation in WebSockets vulnerability in FLXEON. Session management was not sufficient to prevent unauthorized HTTPS requests. This issue affects FLXEON: through <= 9.3.4.