Weakness (CWE)
CWE-193: Off-by-one Error
A product calculates or uses an incorrect maximum or minimum value that is 1 more, or 1 less, than the correct value.
How to prevent it (1 mitigation)
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Implementation
When copying character arrays or using character manipulation methods, the correct size parameter must be used to account for the null terminator that needs to be added at the end of the array. Some examples of functions susceptible to this weakness in C include strcpy(), strncpy(), strcat(), strncat(), printf(), sprintf(), scanf() and sscanf().
Source: MITRE CWE-193
49 results · Clear filters · Feed
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High 8.8
Microsoft Office Excel Remote Code Execution Vulnerability
Heap-based buffer overflow in Microsoft Office Excel allows an unauthorized attacker to execute code over a network.
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High 7.5
psqlODBC ODBC escape parser stack buffer overflow
The psqlODBC parser for ODBC escape sequences in application SQL text writes the argument offsets of a {fn} escape into a fixed 16-entry stack array without a bound and does not initialize the array. An escape with too many arguments overflows the stack, and …
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High 8.8
Microsoft Office Word Remote Code Execution Vulnerability
Off-by-one error in Microsoft Office Word allows an unauthorized attacker to execute code over a network.
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High 8.8
Microsoft Office Excel Remote Code Execution Vulnerability
Heap-based buffer overflow in Microsoft Office Excel allows an unauthorized attacker to execute code over a network.
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High 8.8
Microsoft Office Visio Remote Code Execution Vulnerability
Heap-based buffer overflow in Microsoft Office Visio allows an unauthorized attacker to execute code over a network.
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High 7.1
In NTFS-3G before 2026.7.7, a heap buffer overflow exists in ntfs_decompress() in compress.c that allows an attacker to…
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High 7.3
Trusted Domain Project OpenDMARC DMARC Record opendmarc_util.c opendmarc_util_cleanup off-by-one
A vulnerability was detected in Trusted Domain Project OpenDMARC up to 1.4.2. Affected by this vulnerability is the function opendmarc_util_cleanup in the library libopendmarc/opendmarc_util.c of the component DMARC Record Parser. Performing a manipulation re…
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High 7.3
Trusted Domain Project OpenDKIM Decoder util.c dkim_qp_decode off-by-one
A vulnerability was detected in Trusted Domain Project OpenDKIM up to 2.11.0. Affected is the function dkim_qp_decode of the file util.c of the component Decoder. The manipulation results in off-by-one. The attack may be performed from remote. The exploit is …
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High 7.8
Microsoft Excel Remote Code Execution Vulnerability
Stack-based buffer overflow in Microsoft Office Excel allows an unauthorized attacker to execute code locally.
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High 8.1
D-Link DIR-605 L2TP Control Message tunnel.c tunnel_set_params off-by-one
A vulnerability was identified in D-Link DIR-605 B1v202WWB03. This issue affects the function tunnel_set_params of the file progs.gpl/pppd.alpha/l2tp/tunnel.c of the component L2TP Control Message Parser. Such manipulation of the argument peer_hostname leads…
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High 7.5
Nimiq: Validity store off by one error
Nimiq is a Rust implementation of the Nimiq Proof-of-Stake protocol based on the Albatross consensus algorithm. Through 1.5.0, the validity store uses a strict lower-bound comparison that expires a stored transaction too early relative to Transaction::is_vali…
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High 7.5
Apache Tomcat: RewriteValve [N] restarts at the second rule and may bypass access control
Off-by-one Error vulnerability in Apache Tomcat impacting the [N] flag on the rewrite valves causes rewrite processing to restart at the second rule rather than the first rule. This issue affects Apache Tomcat: from 11.0.0-M1 through 11.0.24, from 10.1.0-M1 t…
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High 7.0
Libevent: Off-by-one stack buffer overflow in dnsname_to_labels via crafted DNS server response
Libevent is an event notification library. Prior to 2.1.13 and 2.2.2-alpha, libevent has an off-by-one stack buffer overflow in evdns.c when dnsname_to_labels formats a name-bearing DNS record at the end of the 64 KB stack buffer allocated by evdns_server_req…
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High 7.0
OpenVPN version 2.1.0 through 2.6.20 and 2.7_alpha1 through 2.7.4 allows attackers via an off-by-one buffer write in th…
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High 7.5
Off-by-one out of bounds read in MIME header parser for forwarding
The code to parse MIME headers for display when forwarding a message (if the setting to view all headers was enabled) had an off-by-one error, allowing a single byte to be read from the memory after the buffer for the headers, and potentially crashing Thunder…
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High 7.3
Gimp: gimp: stack buffer overflow in pnmscanner_gettoken()
A flaw was found in GIMP's PNM file format parser. When parsing a specially crafted PNM file, the pnmscanner_gettoken() function writes a null terminator one byte past the end of a stack-allocated buffer due to an off-by-one error in the loop boundary check. …
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High 7.5
IKEv2 Denial of Service via malformed fragmentation
An invalidly formatted IKEv2 fragment causes the Libreswan pluto daemon to crash and restart. Continued exploitation would cause a denial of service. The function reassemble_v2_incoming_fragments() would ignore unknown outer payloads but still store these in …
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High 7.5
UltraVNC viewer off-by-one stack overflow in ServerInit desktop name parsing
UltraVNC viewer through 1.8.2.2 contains an off-by-one stack buffer overflow in the RFB ServerInit message handler. In vncviewer/ClientConnection.cpp, when the server-supplied nameLength equals exactly 2024 the code declares a 2024-byte stack buffer _dn[2024]…
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High 7.3
Glib: off-by-one error in glib/gkeyfile.c via "g_key_file_get_locale_string_list"
A flaw was found in GLib. An off-by-one error can occur in the g_key_file_get_locale_string_list function in the gkeyfile.c file when loading a key file with an empty value. This flaw can cause an out-of-bounds access of 1 byte or a denial of service when the…
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High 7.3
CANBoat - Off-by-One Global Buffer Overflow in searchForPgn()
CANBoat through 6.22, fixed in commit a5a22b7, contains an off-by-one global buffer overflow in the searchForPgn() function in analyzer/pgn.c that allows remote attackers to crash the application. Attackers can deliver a crafted NMEA-2000 message with an out-…
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High 8.6
nanoMODBUS Off-by-One Buffer Overflow in recv_msg_header() via Crafted MBAP Length Field
nanoMODBUS through v1.23.0 contains an off-by-one buffer overflow in the recv_msg_header function of the Modbus/TCP server that allows remote unauthenticated attackers to write one attacker-controlled byte past the end of the 260-byte receive buffer by sendin…
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High 8.6
Music Player Daemon < 0.24.11 Stack Buffer Overflow via pcm_unpack_24be
Music Player Daemon (MPD) before version 0.24.11 contains a stack buffer overflow vulnerability in the pcm_unpack_24be function in src/pcm/Pack.cxx that allows unauthenticated attackers to corrupt stack memory by triggering an off-by-one write in the PCM deco…
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High 8.7
BACnet Stack: Off-by-One Out-of-Bounds Read in ReadPropertyMultiple Object ID Decoder
BACnet Stack is a BACnet open source protocol stack C library for embedded systems. Prior to 1.4.3, an off-by-one out-of-bounds read vulnerability in bacnet-stack's ReadPropertyMultiple service decoder allows unauthenticated remote attackers to read one byte …
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High 7.5
Nimiq: Remote crash via off-by-one signer bounds check in proposal buffer
nimiq/core-rs-albatross is a Rust implementation of the Nimiq Proof-of-Stake protocol based on the Albatross consensus algorithm. Prior to version 1.3.0, an untrusted peer could crash a validator by publishing a signed tendermint proposal message where signer…
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High 8.4
EVerest has off-by-one stack buffer overflow in IsoMux certificate filename parsing
EVerest is an EV charging software stack. Prior to version 2026.02.0, an off-by-one check in IsoMux certificate filename handling causes a stack-based buffer overflow when a filename length equals `MAX_FILE_NAME_LENGTH` (100). A crafted filename in the certif…
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High 7.1
OpenClaw < 2026.2.23 - Allowlist Exec-Guard Bypass via env -S
OpenClaw versions prior to 2026.2.23 contain an allowlist bypass vulnerability in system.run guardrails that allows authenticated operators to execute unintended commands. When /usr/bin/env is allowlisted, attackers can use env -S to bypass policy analysis an…
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High 8.4
arduino-TuyaOpen WiFiMulti Single-Byte Buffer Overflow Remote Code Execution
arduino-TuyaOpen before version 1.2.1 contains a single-byte buffer overflow vulnerability in the WiFiMulti component. When the victim's smart hardware connects to an attacker-controlled AP hotspot, the attacker can exploit the overflow to execute arbitrary c…
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High 8.6
GoBGP panics due to a zero value for softwareVersionLen
An issue was discovered in GoBGP before 3.35.0. pkg/packet/bgp/bgp.go allows attackers to cause a panic via a zero value for softwareVersionLen.
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High 7.8
LoongArch: BPF: Fix off-by-one error in build_prologue()
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: LoongArch: BPF: Fix off-by-one error in build_prologue() Vincent reported that running BPF progs with tailcalls on LoongArch causes kernel hard lockup. Debugging the issues shows that the JIT…
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High 7.8
wifi: mt76: mt7925: fix off by one in mt7925_load_clc()
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: wifi: mt76: mt7925: fix off by one in mt7925_load_clc() This comparison should be >= instead of > to prevent an out of bounds read and write.
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High 7.1
sqfs_search_dir in Das U-Boot before 2025.01-rc1 exhibits an off-by-one error and resultant heap memory corruption for …
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High 7.8
wifi: nl80211: fix NL80211_ATTR_MLO_LINK_ID off-by-one
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: wifi: nl80211: fix NL80211_ATTR_MLO_LINK_ID off-by-one Since the netlink attribute range validation provides inclusive checking, the *max* of attribute NL80211_ATTR_MLO_LINK_ID should be IEEE…
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High 8.2
bhyve(8) privileged guest escape via USB controller
An insufficient boundary validation in the USB code could lead to an out-of-bounds write on the heap, with data controlled by the caller. A malicious, privileged software running in a guest VM can exploit the vulnerability to achieve code execution on the hos…
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High 7.5
An off-by-one error in WLInfoRailService in Ivanti Avalanche 6.3.1 allows a remote unauthenticated attacker to crash th…
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High 7.5
Netatalk before 3.2.1 has an off-by-one error, and resultant heap-based buffer overflow and segmentation violation, bec…
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High 7.8CVE-2023-44444 EPSS 56%
GIMP PSP File Parsing Off-By-One Remote Code Execution Vulnerability
GIMP PSP File Parsing Off-By-One Remote Code Execution Vulnerability. This vulnerability allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code on affected installations of GIMP. User interaction is required to exploit this vulnerability in that the target must vi…
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High 7.5
Vyper has incorrect storage layout for contracts containing large arrays
Vyper is a Pythonic Smart Contract Language for the Ethereum Virtual Machine (EVM). Contracts containing large arrays might underallocate the number of slots they need by 1. Prior to v0.3.8, the calculation to determine how many slots a storage variable neede…
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High 7.1
Potential buffer overflow vulnerabilities in the Zephyr eS-WiFi driver
Two potential buffer overflow vulnerabilities at the following locations in the Zephyr eS-WiFi driver source code.
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High 7.5CVE-2023-28709 EPSS 48%
Apache Tomcat: Fix for CVE-2023-24998 is incomplete
The fix for CVE-2023-24998 was incomplete for Apache Tomcat 11.0.0-M2 to 11.0.0-M4, 10.1.5 to 10.1.7, 9.0.71 to 9.0.73 and 8.5.85 to 8.5.87. If non-default HTTP connector settings were used such that the maxParameterCount could be reached using query string p…
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High 7.1
Off-by-one Error in gpac/gpac
Off-by-one Error in GitHub repository gpac/gpac prior to v2.3.0-DEV.