Weakness (CWE)
CWE-20: Improper Input Validation
The product receives input or data, but it does
not validate or incorrectly validates that the input has the
properties that are required to process the data safely and
correctly.
How to prevent it (8 mitigations)
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Architecture and Design
Consider using language-theoretic security (LangSec) techniques that characterize inputs using a formal language and build "recognizers" for that language. This effectively requires parsing to be a distinct layer that effectively enforces a boundary between raw input and internal data representations, instead of allowing parser code to be scattered throughout the program, where it could be subject to errors or inconsistencies that create weaknesses. [REF-1109] [REF-1110] [REF-1111]
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Architecture and Design
Use an input validation framework such as Struts or the OWASP ESAPI Validation API. Note that using a framework does not automatically address all input validation problems; be mindful of weaknesses that could arise from misusing the framework itself (CWE-1173).
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Architecture and Design, Implementation
Understand all the potential areas where untrusted inputs can enter the product, including but not limited to: parameters or arguments, cookies, anything read from the network, environment variables, reverse DNS lookups, query results, request headers, URL components, e-mail, files, filenames, databases, and any external systems that provide data to the application. Remember that such inputs may be obtained indirectly through API calls.
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Implementation
Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
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Architecture and Design
For any security checks that are performed on the client side, ensure that these checks are duplicated on the server side, in order to avoid CWE-602. Attackers can bypass the client-side checks by modifying values after the checks have been performed, or by changing the client to remove the client-side checks entirely. Then, these modified values would be submitted to the server.
Even though client-side checks provide minimal benefits with respect to server-side security, they are still useful. First, they can support intrusion detection. If the server receives input that should have been rejected by the client, then it may be an indication of an attack. Second, client-side error-checking can provide helpful feedback to the user about the expectations for valid input. Third, there may be a reduction in server-side processing time for accidental input errors, although this is typically a small savings.
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Implementation
When your application combines data from multiple sources, perform the validation after the sources have been combined. The individual data elements may pass the validation step but violate the intended restrictions after they have been combined.
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Implementation
Be especially careful to validate all input when invoking code that crosses language boundaries, such as from an interpreted language to native code. This could create an unexpected interaction between the language boundaries. Ensure that you are not violating any of the expectations of the language with which you are interfacing. For example, even though Java may not be susceptible to buffer overflows, providing a large argument in a call to native code might trigger an overflow.
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Implementation
Directly convert your input type into the expected data type, such as using a conversion function that translates a string into a number. After converting to the expected data type, ensure that the input's values fall within the expected range of allowable values and that multi-field consistencies are maintained.
Source: MITRE CWE-20
702 results · Clear filters · Feed
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Critical 9.9
Apache Polaris: No protection on `write.metadata.path`
In Apache Iceberg, the table's metadata files are control files: they tell readers which data files belong to the table and which table version to read. `write.metadata.path` is an optional table property that tells Polaris where to write those metadata files…
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Critical 9.6
nimiq-block has skip block quorum bypass via out-of-range BitSet indices & u16 truncation
nimiq-block contains block primitives to be used in Nimiq's Rust implementation. `SkipBlockProof::verify` computes its quorum check using `BitSet.len()`, then iterates `BitSet` indices and casts each `usize` index to `u16` (`slot as u16`) for slot lookup. Pri…
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Critical 10.0CVE-2026-32604 Public exploit
Spinnaker vulnerable to RCE when using gitrepo artifact types due to improper sanitization of user input on branch and paths
Spinnaker is an open source, multi-cloud continuous delivery platform. In versions prior to 2026.1.0, 2026.0.1, 2025.4.2, and 2025.3.2, a bad actor can execute arbitrary commands very simply on the clouddriver pods. This can expose credentials, remove files, …
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Critical 9.4
NovumOS has Privilege Escalation in the Syscall Interface
NovumOS is a custom 32-bit operating system written in Zig and x86 Assembly. In versions prior to 0.24, Syscall 12 (JumpToUser) accepts an arbitrary entry point address from user-space registers without validation, allowing any Ring 3 user-mode process to jum…
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Critical 9.6
NuGet Gallery: Arbitrary Blob Overwrite via Nuspec Confusion and URI Fragment Truncation
NuGet Gallery is a package repository that powers nuget.org. A security vulnerability exists in the NuGetGallery backend job’s handling of .nuspec files within NuGet packages. An attacker can supply a crafted nuspec file with malicious metadata, leading to cr…
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Critical 10.0CVE-2026-35031 Public exploit
Jellyfin: Potential RCE via subtitle upload path traversal + .strm chain
Jellyfin is an open source self hosted media server. Versions prior to 10.11.7 contain a vulnerability chain in the subtitle upload endpoint (POST /Videos/{itemId}/Subtitles), where the Format field is not validated, allowing path traversal via the file exten…
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Critical 9.3
ColdFusion | Improper Input Validation (CWE-20)
ColdFusion versions 2023.18, 2025.6 and earlier are affected by an Improper Input Validation vulnerability that could result in arbitrary code execution in the context of the current user. Exploitation of this issue does not require user interaction.
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Critical 9.8
A series of Improper Input Validation vulnerabilities could allow a Command Injection by a malicious actor with access …
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Critical 9.1
Importing a crafted backup leads to project restriction bypass
In Canonical LXD before 6.8, the backup import path validates project restrictions against backup/index.yaml in the supplied tar archive but creates the instance from backup/container/backup.yaml, a separate file in the same archive that is never checked agai…
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Critical 9.8
stata-mcp has insufficient validation of user-supplied Stata do-file content that can lead to command execution
A vulnerability was identified in stata-mcp prior to v1.13.0 where insufficient validation of user-supplied Stata do-file content can lead to command execution.
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Critical 9.8
CVE-2026-33816 in github.com/jackc/pgx
Memory-safety vulnerability in github.com/jackc/pgx/v5.
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Critical 9.1
fast-jwt has an incomplete fix for CVE-2023-48223: JWT Algorithm Confusion via Whitespace-Prefixed RSA Public Key
fast-jwt provides fast JSON Web Token (JWT) implementation. In 6.1.0 and earlier, the publicKeyPemMatcher regex in fast-jwt/src/crypto.js uses a ^ anchor that is defeated by any leading whitespace in the key string, re-enabling the exact same JWT algorithm co…
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Critical 9.8
Cisco Integrated Management Controller Authentication Bypass Vulnerability
A vulnerability in the change password functionality of Cisco Integrated Management Controller (IMC) could allow an unauthenticated, remote attacker to bypass authentication and gain access to the system as Admin. This vulnerability is due to incorrect h…
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Critical 9.8CVE-2026-34243 Public exploit
wenxian: Command Injection in GitHub Actions Workflow via `issue_comment.body`
wenxian is a tool to generate BIBTEX files from given identifiers (DOI, PMID, arXiv ID, or paper title). In versions 0.3.1 and prior, a GitHub Actions workflow uses untrusted user input from issue_comment.body directly inside a shell command, allowing potenti…
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Critical 9.4
OpenBao has Reflected XSS in its OIDC authentication error message
OpenBao is an open source identity-based secrets management system. Prior to version 2.5.2, OpenBao installations that have an OIDC/JWT authentication method enabled and a role with `callback_mode=direct` configured are vulnerable to XSS via the `error_descri…
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Critical 9.6
In its design for automatic terminal command execution, AI Code offers two options: Execute safe commands and execute a…
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Critical 9.8
CWE-20 in MolotovCherry Android-ImageMagick7
CWE-20 vulnerability in MolotovCherry Android-ImageMagick7.This issue affects Android-ImageMagick7: before 7.1.2-11.
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Critical 9.1CVE-2026-23489 Public exploit
Fields GLPI plugin vulnerable to RCE in dropdown generation
Fields is a GLPI plugin that allows users to add custom fields on GLPI items forms. Prior to version 1.23.3, it is possible to execute arbitrary PHP code from users that are allowed to create dropdowns. This issue has been patched in version 1.23.3.
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Critical 9.4
RSSN has Arbitrary Code Execution via Unvalidated JIT Instruction Generation in C-FFI Interface
rssn is a scientific computing library for Rust, combining a high-performance symbolic computation engine with numerical methods support and physics simulations functionalities. The vulnerability exists in the JIT (Just-In-Time) compilation engine, which is f…
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Critical 9.8
Apache IoTDB: JEXL Expression Injection Vulnerability
Improper Input Validation vulnerability in Apache IoTDB. This issue affects Apache IoTDB: from 1.0.0 before 1.3.7, from 2.0.0 before 2.0.7. Users are recommended to upgrade to version 1.3.7 or 2.0.7, which fixes the issue.
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Critical 9.2
TinyWeb: HTTP Header Control Character Injection into CGI Environment
TinyWeb is a web server (HTTP, HTTPS) written in Delphi for Win32. Prior to version 2.04, TinyWeb accepts request header values and later maps them into CGI environment variables (HTTP_*). The parser did not strictly reject dangerous control characters in hea…
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Critical 9.9CVE-2026-28466 Public exploit
OpenClaw < 2026.2.14 - Remote Code Execution via Node Invoke Approval Bypass
OpenClaw versions prior to 2026.2.14 contain a vulnerability in the gateway in which it fails to sanitize internal approval fields in node.invoke parameters, allowing authenticated clients to bypass exec approval gating for system.run commands. Attackers with…
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Critical 10.0CVE-2026-0848 Public exploit
Arbitrary Code Execution in NLTK StanfordSegmenter via Untrusted JAR Loading
NLTK versions <=3.9.2 are vulnerable to arbitrary code execution due to improper input validation in the StanfordSegmenter module. The module dynamically loads external Java .jar files without verification or sandboxing. An attacker can supply or replace the …
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Critical 9.6
Insufficient data validation in Navigation in Google Chrome prior to 145.0.7632.159 allowed a remote attacker to potent…
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Critical 9.8
Improper input validation in the error message page in Devolutions Server 2025.3.16 and earlier allows remote attackers…
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Critical 9.8
A command injection vulnerability in the DHCP activation feature of Weintek cMT-3072XH2 easyweb Web Version v2.1.53, OS…
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Critical 9.1
Command Injection via CLAPI generatetraps
Improper Input Validation vulnerability in Centreon Centreon Open Tickets on Central Server on Linux (Centreon Open Tickets modules).This issue affects Centreon Open Tickets on Central Server: from all before 25.10; 24.10;24.04.
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Critical 9.9
Budibase Vulnerable to Remote Code Execution via Unsafe eval() in View Filter Map Function (Budibase Cloud)
Budibase is a low code platform for creating internal tools, workflows, and admin panels. Prior to version 3.30.4, an unsafe `eval()` vulnerability in Budibase's view filtering implementation allows any authenticated user (including free tier accounts) to exe…
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Critical 9.4
n8n Vulnerable to Command Injection in Community Package Installation
n8n is an open source workflow automation platform. From version 0.187.0 to before 1.120.3, a command injection vulnerability was identified in n8n’s community package installation functionality. The issue allowed authenticated users with administrative permi…
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Critical 9.5
An improper input validation vulnerability was found in ADM while joining a AD Domain.
When a specific function is enabled while joining a AD Domain from ADM, an improper input parameters validation vulnerability in a specific CGI program allowing an unauthenticated remote attacker to write arbitrary data to any file on the system. By exploitin…
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Critical 9.3
An improper pointer arithmetic in root-project/root at builtins/zlib/inffast.c
Vulnerability in root-project root (builtins/zlib modules). This vulnerability is associated with program files inffast.C. This issue affects root.
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Critical 9.3
Movary vulnerable to Cross-site Scripting with `?categoryCreated=` param
Movary is a web application to track, rate and explore your movie watch history. Due to insufficient input validation, attackers can trigger cross-site scripting payloads in versions prior to 0.70.0. The vulnerable parameter is `?categoryCreated=`. Version 0.…
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Critical 9.3
Movary vulnerable to Cross-site Scripting with `?categoryDeleted=` param
Movary is a web application to track, rate and explore your movie watch history. Due to insufficient input validation, attackers can trigger cross-site scripting payloads in versions prior to 0.70.0. The vulnerable parameter is `?categoryDeleted=`. Version 0.…
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Critical 9.3
Movary vulnerable to Cross-site Scripting with `?categoryUpdated=` param
Movary is a web application to track, rate and explore your movie watch history. Due to insufficient input validation, attackers can trigger cross-site scripting payloads in versions prior to 0.70.0. The vulnerable parameter is `?categoryUpdated=`. Version 0.…
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Critical 10.0
HotCRP vulnerable to remote code execution through formulas
HotCRP is conference review software. A problem introduced in April 2024 in version 3.1 led to inadequately sanitized code generation for HotCRP formulas which allowed users to trigger the execution of arbitrary PHP code. The problem is patched in release ver…
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Critical 9.1
There is an issue on the /PSP/appNET/Store/CartV12.aspx/GetUnitPrice endpoint in edu Business Solutions Print Shop Pro …
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Critical 10.0
n8n Vulnerable to Unauthenticated File Access via Improper Webhook Request Handling
n8n is an open source workflow automation platform. Versions starting with 1.65.0 and below 1.121.0 enable an attacker to access files on the underlying server through execution of certain form-based workflows. A vulnerable workflow could grant access to an u…
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Critical 9.6
Undertow-core: undertow http server fails to reject malformed host headers leading to potential cache poisoning and ssrf
A flaw was found in the Undertow HTTP server core, which is used in WildFly, JBoss EAP, and other Java applications. The Undertow library fails to properly validate the Host header in incoming HTTP requests.As a result, requests containing malformed or malici…
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Critical 9.8
iccDEV has a Use After Free vulnerability in CIccCmm class via improper hint manager object deletion
iccDEV provides a set of libraries and tools for working with ICC color management profiles. Versions 2.3.1 and below contain a Use After Free vulnerability in the CIccXform::Create() function, where it deletes the hint. This issue is fixed in version 2.3.1.1.
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Critical 9.1
Titra has Remote Code Execution in Admin Functionality
Titra is open source project time tracking software. Prior to version 0.99.49, Titra allows any authenticated Admin user to modify the timeEntryRule in the database. The value is then passed to a NodeVM value to execute as code. Without sanitization, it leads…