Weakness (CWE)
CWE-20: Improper Input Validation
The product receives input or data, but it does
not validate or incorrectly validates that the input has the
properties that are required to process the data safely and
correctly.
How to prevent it (8 mitigations)
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Architecture and Design
Consider using language-theoretic security (LangSec) techniques that characterize inputs using a formal language and build "recognizers" for that language. This effectively requires parsing to be a distinct layer that effectively enforces a boundary between raw input and internal data representations, instead of allowing parser code to be scattered throughout the program, where it could be subject to errors or inconsistencies that create weaknesses. [REF-1109] [REF-1110] [REF-1111]
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Architecture and Design
Use an input validation framework such as Struts or the OWASP ESAPI Validation API. Note that using a framework does not automatically address all input validation problems; be mindful of weaknesses that could arise from misusing the framework itself (CWE-1173).
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Architecture and Design, Implementation
Understand all the potential areas where untrusted inputs can enter the product, including but not limited to: parameters or arguments, cookies, anything read from the network, environment variables, reverse DNS lookups, query results, request headers, URL components, e-mail, files, filenames, databases, and any external systems that provide data to the application. Remember that such inputs may be obtained indirectly through API calls.
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Implementation
Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
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Architecture and Design
For any security checks that are performed on the client side, ensure that these checks are duplicated on the server side, in order to avoid CWE-602. Attackers can bypass the client-side checks by modifying values after the checks have been performed, or by changing the client to remove the client-side checks entirely. Then, these modified values would be submitted to the server.
Even though client-side checks provide minimal benefits with respect to server-side security, they are still useful. First, they can support intrusion detection. If the server receives input that should have been rejected by the client, then it may be an indication of an attack. Second, client-side error-checking can provide helpful feedback to the user about the expectations for valid input. Third, there may be a reduction in server-side processing time for accidental input errors, although this is typically a small savings.
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Implementation
When your application combines data from multiple sources, perform the validation after the sources have been combined. The individual data elements may pass the validation step but violate the intended restrictions after they have been combined.
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Implementation
Be especially careful to validate all input when invoking code that crosses language boundaries, such as from an interpreted language to native code. This could create an unexpected interaction between the language boundaries. Ensure that you are not violating any of the expectations of the language with which you are interfacing. For example, even though Java may not be susceptible to buffer overflows, providing a large argument in a call to native code might trigger an overflow.
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Implementation
Directly convert your input type into the expected data type, such as using a conversion function that translates a string into a number. After converting to the expected data type, ensure that the input's values fall within the expected range of allowable values and that multi-field consistencies are maintained.
Source: MITRE CWE-20
702 results · Clear filters · Feed
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Critical 9.8
MegaSys Computer Technologies Telenium Online Web Application Improper Input Validation
Telenium Online Web Application is vulnerable due to a Perl script that is called to load the login page. Due to improper input validation, an attacker can inject arbitrary Perl code through a crafted HTTP request, leading to remote code execution on the serv…
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Critical 9.9
Conduit-derived homeservers are affected by a Confused Deputy and Improper Input Validation issue
Conduit is a chat server powered by Matrix. A vulnerability that affects a number of Conduit-derived homeservers allows a remote, unauthenticated attacker to force the target server to cryptographically sign arbitrary membership events. Affected products incl…
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Critical 9.1
Weblate has git config file overwrite vulnerability that leads to remote code execution
Weblate is a web based localization tool. In versions prior to 5.15.1, it was possible to overwrite Git configuration remotely and override some of its behavior. Version 5.15.1 fixes the issue.
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Critical 10.0
Cisco Secure Email Gateway and Cisco Secure Email and Web Manager Remote Command Execution Vulnerability
A vulnerability in the Spam Quarantine feature of Cisco AsyncOS Software for Cisco Secure Email Gateway and Cisco Secure Email and Web Manager could allow an unauthenticated, remote attacker to execute arbitrary system commands on an affected device with root…
KEV Dec 17, 2025 -
Critical 9.8CVE-2025-14156 Public exploit
Fox LMS – WordPress LMS Plugin 1.0.4.7 - 1.0.5.1 - Unauthenticated Privilege Escalation via 'createOrder'
The Fox LMS – WordPress LMS Plugin plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to privilege escalation in all versions up to, and including, 1.0.5.1. This is due to the plugin not properly validating the 'role' parameter when creating new users via the `/fox-lms/v1/pa…
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Critical 9.1
ColdFusion | Improper Input Validation (CWE-20)
ColdFusion versions 2025.4, 2023.16, 2021.22 and earlier are affected by an Improper Input Validation vulnerability that could result in a Security feature bypass. An attacker could leverage this vulnerability to bypass security measures and gain unauthorized…
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Critical 9.3
Authenticated Root Remote Code Execution through improper filtering of HTTP post request parameters
Authenticated Root Remote Code Execution via improrer user input filtering in DB Electronica Telecomunicazioni S.p.A. Mozart FM Transmitter versions 30, 50, 100, 300, 500, 1000, 2000, 3000, 3500, 6000, 7000 allows an attacker to perform in main_ok.php user su…
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Critical 9.8
The QVidium Opera11 device (firmware version 2.9.0-Ax4x-opera11) is vulnerable to Remote Code Execution (RCE) due to im…
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Critical 9.4
Unsanitized parameter input leading to SQL Injection vulnerability
A SQL Injection vulnerability on an endpoint in BEIMS Contractor Web, a legacy product that is no longer maintained or patched by the vendor, allows an unauthorised user to retrieve sensitive database contents via unsanitized parameter input. This vulnerabili…
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Critical 9.2
INCORRECT SECURITY VALIDATION IN SENDING UDP FRAMES
The equipment initially can be configured using the manufacturer's application, by Wi-Fi, by the web server or with the manufacturer’s software. Using the manufacturer's software, the device can be configured via UDP. Analyzing this communication, it has been…
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Critical 9.1
An issue was discovered in Dataphone A920 v2025.07.161103. A custom packet based on public documentation can be crafted…
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Critical 9.8
TRUfusion Enterprise through 7.10.4.0 uses the /trufusionPortal/fileupload endpoint to upload files. However, the appli…
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Critical 10.0
Missing Initial Password Change
Missing Initial Password Change.This issue affects BLU-IC2: through 1.19.5; BLU-IC4: through 1.19.5.
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Critical 10.0
Mail Configuration File Manipulation + Command Execution
Mail Configuration File Manipulation + Command Execution.This issue affects BLU-IC2: through 1.19.5; BLU-IC4: through 1.19.5.
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Critical 10.0
Incorrect Content-Type Header
Lack of application manifest sanitation could lead to potential stored XSS.This issue affects BLU-IC2: through 1.19.5; BLU-IC4: through 1.19.5.
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Critical 9.4
Zigbee Green Power Host Buffer Overflow Vulnerability
Due to improper input validation, a buffer overflow vulnerability is present in Zigbee EZSP Host Applications. If the buffer overflows, stack corruption is possible. In certain conditions, this could lead to arbitrary code execution. Access to a network key i…
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Critical 9.9
Gardener providers vulnerable to code injection when Terraformer is used for infrastructure provisioning
Project Gardener implements the automated management and operation of Kubernetes clusters as a service. Code injection may be possible in Gardener Extensions for AWS providers prior to version 1.64.0, Azure providers prior to version 1.55.0, OpenStack provide…
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Critical 9.1
Accela Automation Platform 22.2.3.0.230103 contains multiple vulnerabilities in the Test Script feature. An authenticat…
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Critical 9.3
PickleScan Security Bypass Using Misleading File Extension
An Improper Input Validation vulnerability in the scanning logic of mmaitre314 picklescan versions up to and including 0.0.30 allows a remote attacker to bypass pickle files security checks by supplying a standard pickle file with a PyTorch-related file exten…
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Critical 9.8
A correctness issue was addressed with improved checks. This issue is fixed in Safari 26, iOS 18.7 and iPadOS 18.7, iOS…
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Critical 9.8
This issue was addressed by removing the vulnerable code. This issue is fixed in iOS 26 and iPadOS 26, macOS Tahoe 26, …
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Critical 9.8
Hoverfly vulnerable to remote code execution at `/api/v2/hoverfly/middleware` endpoint due to insecure middleware implementation
Hoverfly is an open source API simulation tool. In versions 1.11.3 and prior, the middleware functionality in Hoverfly is vulnerable to command injection vulnerability at `/api/v2/hoverfly/middleware` endpoint due to insufficient validation and sanitization i…
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Critical 9.1
Adobe Commerce | Improper Input Validation (CWE-20)
Adobe Commerce versions 2.4.9-alpha2, 2.4.8-p2, 2.4.7-p7, 2.4.6-p12, 2.4.5-p14, 2.4.4-p15 and earlier are affected by an Improper Input Validation vulnerability. A successful attacker can abuse this to achieve session takeover, increasing the confidentiality,…
KEV Oct 24, 2025 -
Critical 9.3
Promptcraft Forge Studio's incomplete URL check is vulnerable to XSS via SVG
Promptcraft Forge Studio is a toolkit for evaluating, optimizing, and maintaining LLM-powered applications. All versions contain an non-exhaustive URL scheme check that does not protect against XSS. User-controlled URLs pass through src/utils/validation.ts, b…
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Critical 9.4CVE-2025-34157 Public exploit
Coolify Stored Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) in Project Name Field
Coolify versions prior to v4.0.0-beta.420.6 are vulnerable to a stored cross-site scripting (XSS) attack in the project creation workflow. An authenticated user with low privileges can create a project with a maliciously crafted name containing embedded JavaS…
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Critical 9.4CVE-2025-34159 Public exploit
Coolify Docker Compose Directive Injection in Application Deployment Workflow
Coolify versions prior to v4.0.0-beta.420.6 are vulnerable to a remote code execution vulnerability in the application deployment workflow. The platform allows authenticated users, with low-level member privileges, to inject arbitrary Docker Compose directive…
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Critical 9.4CVE-2025-34161 Public exploit
Coolify Git Repository Field Command Injection in Project Deployment Workflow
Coolify versions prior to v4.0.0-beta.420.7 are vulnerable to a remote code execution vulnerability in the project deployment workflow. The platform allows authenticated users, with low-level member privileges, to inject arbitrary shell commands via the Git R…
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Critical 9.1
Missing type checks leading to hash rewind and passing on crafted data
Improper Input Validation vulnerability in sha.js allows Input Data Manipulation.This issue affects sha.js: through 2.4.11.
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Critical 9.1
Missing type checks leading to hash rewind and passing on crafted data
Improper Input Validation vulnerability in cipher-base allows Input Data Manipulation.This issue affects cipher-base: through 1.0.4.
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Critical 9.8
A SQL injection vulnerability exists in the id2 parameter of the cancel_booking.php page in Online Artwork and Fine Art…
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Critical 9.3
Rockwell Automation Micro800 Vulnerability
A security issue exists due to improper handling of malformed CIP Forward Close packets during fuzzing. The controller enters a solid red Fault LED state and becomes unresponsive. Upon power cycle, the controller will enter recoverable fault where the MS LED …
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Critical 9.1
MFlash Remote Code Execution (RCE) after authentication of a user with the "administrator" role
A vulnerability has been found in the MSoft MFlash application that allows execution of arbitrary code on the server. The issue occurs in the integration configuration functionality that is only available to MFlash administrators. The vulnerability is relate…
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Critical 9.4CVE-2025-8876 Exploited
Command Injection Vulnerability
Improper Input Validation vulnerability in N-able N-central allows OS Command Injection.This issue affects N-central: before 2025.3.1.
KEV Aug 13, 2025 -
Critical 9.1
A vulnerability has been identified in SIMATIC RTLS Locating Manager (All versions < V3.2). Affected products do not pr…
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Critical 9.8
Apache CXF: Untrusted JMS configuration can lead to RCE
If untrusted users are allowed to configure JMS for Apache CXF, previously they could use RMI or LDAP URLs, potentially leading to code execution capabilities. This interface is now restricted to reject those protocols, removing this possibility. Users are re…
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Critical 9.8
An Improper Input Validation in certain UniFi Access devices could allow a Command Injection by a malicious actor with …
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Critical 9.8CVE-2025-50578 Scanner template
LinuxServer.io heimdall 2.6.3-ls307 contains a vulnerability in how it handles user-supplied HTTP headers, specifically…
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Critical 9.8
This issue was addressed with improved input validation. This issue is fixed in macOS Sequoia 15.6, macOS Sonoma 14.7.7…
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Critical 9.8
Multiple memory corruption issues were addressed with improved input validation. This issue is fixed in iOS 18.6 and iP…
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Critical 9.1
An input validation issue was addressed with improved memory handling. This issue is fixed in iOS 18.6 and iPadOS 18.6,…