Weakness (CWE)
CWE-20: Improper Input Validation
The product receives input or data, but it does
not validate or incorrectly validates that the input has the
properties that are required to process the data safely and
correctly.
How to prevent it (8 mitigations)
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Architecture and Design
Consider using language-theoretic security (LangSec) techniques that characterize inputs using a formal language and build "recognizers" for that language. This effectively requires parsing to be a distinct layer that effectively enforces a boundary between raw input and internal data representations, instead of allowing parser code to be scattered throughout the program, where it could be subject to errors or inconsistencies that create weaknesses. [REF-1109] [REF-1110] [REF-1111]
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Architecture and Design
Use an input validation framework such as Struts or the OWASP ESAPI Validation API. Note that using a framework does not automatically address all input validation problems; be mindful of weaknesses that could arise from misusing the framework itself (CWE-1173).
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Architecture and Design, Implementation
Understand all the potential areas where untrusted inputs can enter the product, including but not limited to: parameters or arguments, cookies, anything read from the network, environment variables, reverse DNS lookups, query results, request headers, URL components, e-mail, files, filenames, databases, and any external systems that provide data to the application. Remember that such inputs may be obtained indirectly through API calls.
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Implementation
Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
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Architecture and Design
For any security checks that are performed on the client side, ensure that these checks are duplicated on the server side, in order to avoid CWE-602. Attackers can bypass the client-side checks by modifying values after the checks have been performed, or by changing the client to remove the client-side checks entirely. Then, these modified values would be submitted to the server.
Even though client-side checks provide minimal benefits with respect to server-side security, they are still useful. First, they can support intrusion detection. If the server receives input that should have been rejected by the client, then it may be an indication of an attack. Second, client-side error-checking can provide helpful feedback to the user about the expectations for valid input. Third, there may be a reduction in server-side processing time for accidental input errors, although this is typically a small savings.
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Implementation
When your application combines data from multiple sources, perform the validation after the sources have been combined. The individual data elements may pass the validation step but violate the intended restrictions after they have been combined.
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Implementation
Be especially careful to validate all input when invoking code that crosses language boundaries, such as from an interpreted language to native code. This could create an unexpected interaction between the language boundaries. Ensure that you are not violating any of the expectations of the language with which you are interfacing. For example, even though Java may not be susceptible to buffer overflows, providing a large argument in a call to native code might trigger an overflow.
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Implementation
Directly convert your input type into the expected data type, such as using a conversion function that translates a string into a number. After converting to the expected data type, ensure that the input's values fall within the expected range of allowable values and that multi-field consistencies are maintained.
Source: MITRE CWE-20
702 results · Clear filters · Feed
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Critical 9.3CVE-2014-125117 Public exploit
D-Link info.cgi POST Request Stack-Based Buffer Overflow RCE
A stack-based buffer overflow vulnerability in the my_cgi.cgi component of certain D-Link devices, including the DSP-W215 version 1.02, can be exploited via a specially crafted HTTP POST request to the /common/info.cgi endpoint. This flaw enables an unauthent…
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Critical 9.3
LILIN DVR Command Injection via NTPUpdate in dvr_box
A command injection vulnerability exists in LILIN Digital Video Recorder (DVR) devices prior to firmware version 2.0b60_20200207 via the Server field in the NTPUpdate configuration. The web service at /z/zbin/dvr_box fails to properly sanitize input, allowing…
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Critical 10.0
Sawtooth Software Lighthouse Studio < 9.16.14 Pre-Authentication RCE
A template injection vulnerability exists in Sawtooth Software’s Lighthouse Studio versions prior to 9.16.14 via the ciwweb.pl http://ciwweb.pl/ Perl web application. Exploitation allows an unauthenticated attacker can execute arbitrary commands.
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Critical 9.3CVE-2025-34111 Public exploit
Tiki Wiki <= 15.1 ELFinder Unauthenticated File Upload RCE
An unauthenticated arbitrary file upload vulnerability exists in Tiki Wiki CMS Groupware version 15.1 and earlier via the ELFinder component's default connector (connector.minimal.php), which allows remote attackers to upload and execute malicious PHP scripts…
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Critical 10.0CVE-2025-34105 Public exploit
DiskBoss Enterprise Stack-Based Buffer Overflow RCE
A stack-based buffer overflow vulnerability exists in the built-in web interface of DiskBoss Enterprise versions 7.4.28, 7.5.12, and 8.2.14. The vulnerability arises from improper bounds checking on the path component of HTTP GET requests. By sending a specia…
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Critical 9.3CVE-2025-34100 Public exploit
BuilderEngine 3.5.0 RCE via Unauthenticated Arbitrary File Upload
An unrestricted file upload vulnerability exists in BuilderEngine 3.5.0 via the integration of the elFinder 2.0 file manager and its use of the jQuery File Upload plugin. The plugin fails to properly validate or restrict file types or locations during upload …
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Critical 9.3CVE-2025-34102 Public exploit
CryptoLog Unauthenticated RCE via SQL Injection and Command Injection
A remote code execution vulnerability exists in CryptoLog (PHP version, discontinued since 2009) due to a chained exploitation of SQL injection and command injection vulnerabilities. An unauthenticated attacker can gain shell access as the web server user by …
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Critical 9.3CVE-2025-34101 Public exploit
Serviio Media Server Unauthenticated Command Injection via checkStreamUrl VIDEO Parameter
An unauthenticated command injection vulnerability exists in Serviio Media Server versions 1.4 through 1.8 on Windows, in the /rest/action API endpoint exposed by the console component (default port 23423). The checkStreamUrl method accepts a VIDEO parameter …
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Critical 9.3CVE-2025-34099 Public exploit
VICIdial vicidial_sales_viewer.php Unauthenticated Command Injection via Basic Auth Password
An unauthenticated command injection vulnerability exists in VICIdial versions 2.9 RC1 through 2.13 RC1, within the vicidial_sales_viewer.php component when password encryption is enabled (a non-default configuration). The application improperly passes the HT…
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Critical 9.3
Anthropic Slack MCP Server Data Exfiltration via Link Unfurling
A data exfiltration vulnerability exists in Anthropic’s deprecated Slack Model Context Protocol (MCP) Server via automatic link unfurling. When an AI agent using the Slack MCP Server processes untrusted data, it can be manipulated to generate messages contain…
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Critical 10.0
Monero Forum Remote Code Execution via Arbitrary File Read and Cookie Forgery
A PHP objection injection vulnerability exists in the Monero Project’s Laravel-based forum software due to unsafe handling of untrusted input in the /get/image/ endpoint. The application passes a user-supplied link parameter directly to file_get_contents() wi…
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Critical 9.4
AVTECH IP camera, DVR, and NVR Devices Authenticated Root Command Execution
An OS command injection vulnerability exists in AVTECH IP camera, DVR, and NVR devices via the PwdGrp.cgi endpoint, which handles user and group management operations. Authenticated users can supply input through the pwd or grp parameters, which are directly …
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Critical 9.4
AVTECH IP camera, DVR, and NVR Devices Authenticated Root Command Execution
An OS command injection vulnerability exists in AVTECH DVR, NVR, and IP camera devices within the adcommand.cgi endpoint, which interfaces with the ActionD daemon. Authenticated users can invoke the DoShellCmd operation, passing arbitrary input via the strCmd…
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Critical 10.0
Vacron NVR Remote Command Execution
A remote command injection vulnerability exists in Vacron Network Video Recorder (NVR) devices v1.4 due to improper input sanitization in the board.cgi script. The vulnerability allows unauthenticated attackers to pass arbitrary commands to the underlying ope…
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Critical 9.1
On Node.js < 3, pbkdf2 silently disregards Uint8Array input, returning static keys
Improper Input Validation vulnerability in pbkdf2 allows Signature Spoofing by Improper Validation.This issue affects pbkdf2: <=3.1.2.
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Critical 9.1
pbkdf2 silently returns predictable uninitialized/zero-filled memory for non-normalized or unimplemented algos supported by Node.js
Improper Input Validation vulnerability in pbkdf2 allows Signature Spoofing by Improper Validation. This vulnerability is associated with program files lib/to-buffer.Js. This issue affects pbkdf2: from 3.0.10 through 3.1.2.
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Critical 9.5
Remote code execution and local privilege escalation due to UNC access and NetNTLMv2 hash theft
Improper input validation in the OSSEC HIDS agent for Windows prior to version 3.8.0 allows an attacker in with control over the OSSEC server or in possession of the agent's key to configure the agent to connect to a malicious UNC path. This results in the le…
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Critical 9.5
Remote code execution and local privilege escalation in Wazuh Windows agent via NetNTLMv2 hash theft
Improper input validation in the Wazuh agent for Windows prior to version 4.8.0 allows an attacker with control over the Wazuh server or agent key to configure the agent to connect to a malicious UNC path. This results in the leakage of the machine account Ne…
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Critical 9.3
GeoServer has improper ENTITY_RESOLUTION_ALLOWLIST URI validation in XML Processing (SSRF)
GeoServer is an open source server that allows users to share and edit geospatial data. An improper URI validation vulnerability exists that enables an unauthorized attacker to perform XML External Entities (XEE) attack, then send GET request to any HTTP serv…
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Critical 9.9
Avaya Call Management System RCE vulnerability
An improper input validation discovered in Avaya Call Management System could allow an unauthorized remote command via a specially crafted web request. Affected versions include 18.x, 19.x prior to 19.2.0.7, and 20.x prior to 20.0.1.0.
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Critical 9.9
Bypassing project secret validation can lead to privilege escalation
Gardener implements the automated management and operation of Kubernetes clusters as a service. A security vulnerability was discovered in Gardener prior to versions 1.116.4, 1.117.5, 1.118.2, and 1.119.0 that could allow a user with administrative privileges…
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Critical 9.9
Malicious google credential in DNS secret can lead to privilege escalation
Gardener External DNS Management is an environment to manage external DNS entries for a kubernetes cluster. A security vulnerability was discovered in Gardener's External DNS Management prior to version 0.23.6 that could allow a user with administrative privi…
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Critical 9.7
5ire Client Vulnerable to Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) and Remote Code Execution (RCE)
5ire is a cross-platform desktop artificial intelligence assistant and model context protocol client. Versions prior to 0.11.1 are vulnerable to stored cross-site scripting in chatbot responses due to insufficient sanitization. This, in turn, can lead to Remo…
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Critical 9.1
ColdFusion | Improper Input Validation (CWE-20)
ColdFusion versions 2025.1, 2023.13, 2021.19 and earlier are affected by an Improper Input Validation vulnerability that could result in arbitrary code execution in the context of the current user. A high-privileged attacker could leverage this vulnerability …
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Critical 9.1CVE-2025-43560 EPSS 23%
ColdFusion | Improper Input Validation (CWE-20)
ColdFusion versions 2025.1, 2023.13, 2021.19 and earlier are affected by an Improper Input Validation vulnerability that could result in arbitrary code execution in the context of the current user. A high-privileged attacker could leverage this vulnerability …
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Critical 9.3
Arbitrary Code Execution in Kong Insomnia Desktop Application
Kong Insomnia Desktop Application before 11.0.2 contains a template injection vulnerability that allows attackers to execute arbitrary code. The vulnerability exists due to insufficient validation of user-supplied input when processing template strings, which…
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Critical 9.1
ColdFusion | Improper Input Validation (CWE-20)
ColdFusion versions 2023.12, 2021.18, 2025.0 and earlier are affected by an Improper Input Validation vulnerability that could result in arbitrary code execution. Exploitation of this issue does not require user interaction, but admin panel privileges are req…
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Critical 9.3
Improper Scope Validation in the open Endpoint of tauri-plugin-shell
The Tauri shell plugin allows access to the system shell. Prior to 2.2.1, the Tauri shell plugin exposes functionality to execute code and open programs on the system. The open endpoint of this plugin is designed to allow open functionality with the system op…
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Critical 9.8
The issue was addressed with improved checks. This issue is fixed in macOS Sequoia 15.4, macOS Sonoma 14.7.5, macOS Ven…
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Critical 9.3
Microsoft Partner Center Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability
Improper authorization in Microsoft Partner Center allows an authorized attacker to elevate privileges over a network.
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Critical 9.1CVE-2024-11042 Public exploit
Arbitrary File Delete in invoke-ai/invokeai
In invoke-ai/invokeai version v5.0.2, the web API `POST /api/v1/images/delete` is vulnerable to Arbitrary File Deletion. This vulnerability allows unauthorized attackers to delete arbitrary files on the server, potentially including critical or sensitive syst…
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Critical 9.1
A vulnerability has been identified in SiPass integrated AC5102 (ACC-G2) (All versions < V6.4.9), SiPass integrated ACC…
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Critical 9.3
Volt Allows RCE Via User-Crafted Requests
Volt is an elegantly crafted functional API for Livewire. Malicious, user-crafted request payloads could potentially lead to remote code execution within Volt components. This vulnerability is fixed in 1.7.0.
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Critical 9.8
Infoblox NIOS through 8.6.4 and 9.x through 9.0.3 has Improper Input Validation.
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Critical 9.5
Remote Code Execution vulnerability in IBL Software Engineering Visual Weather and derived products (NAMIS, Aero Weather, Satellite Weather)
A security vulnerability has been identified in the IBL Software Engineering Visual Weather and derived products (NAMIS, Aero Weather, Satellite Weather). The vulnerability is present in the Product Delivery Service (PDS) component in specific server configur…
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Critical 9.8
SSH Communication Security PrivX versions between 18.0-36.0 implement insufficient validation on public key signatures …
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Critical 9.1
Apache Ranger: SSRF in Edit Service page - Add logic to filter requests to localhost
SSRF vulnerability in Edit Service Page of Apache Ranger UI in Apache Ranger Version 2.4.0. Users are recommended to upgrade to version Apache Ranger 2.5.0, which fixes this issue.
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Critical 10.0
Improper Input Validation in Bible Module for ROBLOX
Bible Module is a tool designed for ROBLOX developers to integrate Bible functionality into their games. The `FetchVerse` and `FetchPassage` functions in the Bible Module are susceptible to injection attacks due to the absence of input validation. This vulner…
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Critical 9.8
Arbitrary File Overwrite via HTTP POST in Pingvin Share
Pingvin Share is a self-hosted file sharing platform and an alternative for WeTransfer. This vulnerability allows an authenticated or unauthenticated (if anonymous shares are allowed) user to overwrite arbitrary files on the server, including sensitive system…
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Critical 9.8
CWE-20: Improper Input Validation vulnerability exists that could lead to a denial of service and a loss of confidentia…