Weakness (CWE)
CWE-20: Improper Input Validation
The product receives input or data, but it does
not validate or incorrectly validates that the input has the
properties that are required to process the data safely and
correctly.
How to prevent it (8 mitigations)
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Architecture and Design
Consider using language-theoretic security (LangSec) techniques that characterize inputs using a formal language and build "recognizers" for that language. This effectively requires parsing to be a distinct layer that effectively enforces a boundary between raw input and internal data representations, instead of allowing parser code to be scattered throughout the program, where it could be subject to errors or inconsistencies that create weaknesses. [REF-1109] [REF-1110] [REF-1111]
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Architecture and Design
Use an input validation framework such as Struts or the OWASP ESAPI Validation API. Note that using a framework does not automatically address all input validation problems; be mindful of weaknesses that could arise from misusing the framework itself (CWE-1173).
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Architecture and Design, Implementation
Understand all the potential areas where untrusted inputs can enter the product, including but not limited to: parameters or arguments, cookies, anything read from the network, environment variables, reverse DNS lookups, query results, request headers, URL components, e-mail, files, filenames, databases, and any external systems that provide data to the application. Remember that such inputs may be obtained indirectly through API calls.
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Implementation
Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
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Architecture and Design
For any security checks that are performed on the client side, ensure that these checks are duplicated on the server side, in order to avoid CWE-602. Attackers can bypass the client-side checks by modifying values after the checks have been performed, or by changing the client to remove the client-side checks entirely. Then, these modified values would be submitted to the server.
Even though client-side checks provide minimal benefits with respect to server-side security, they are still useful. First, they can support intrusion detection. If the server receives input that should have been rejected by the client, then it may be an indication of an attack. Second, client-side error-checking can provide helpful feedback to the user about the expectations for valid input. Third, there may be a reduction in server-side processing time for accidental input errors, although this is typically a small savings.
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Implementation
When your application combines data from multiple sources, perform the validation after the sources have been combined. The individual data elements may pass the validation step but violate the intended restrictions after they have been combined.
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Implementation
Be especially careful to validate all input when invoking code that crosses language boundaries, such as from an interpreted language to native code. This could create an unexpected interaction between the language boundaries. Ensure that you are not violating any of the expectations of the language with which you are interfacing. For example, even though Java may not be susceptible to buffer overflows, providing a large argument in a call to native code might trigger an overflow.
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Implementation
Directly convert your input type into the expected data type, such as using a conversion function that translates a string into a number. After converting to the expected data type, ensure that the input's values fall within the expected range of allowable values and that multi-field consistencies are maintained.
Source: MITRE CWE-20
368 results · Clear filters · Feed
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Medium 6.5
Microsoft SharePoint Server Spoofing Vulnerability
Improper input validation in Microsoft Office SharePoint allows an unauthorized attacker to perform spoofing over a network.
KEV Apr 14, 2026 -
High 8.0CVE-2026-33826 Public exploit
Windows Active Directory Remote Code Execution Vulnerability
Improper input validation in Windows Active Directory allows an authorized attacker to execute code over an adjacent network.
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High 8.8
Apache ActiveMQ Broker, Apache ActiveMQ All, Apache ActiveMQ: Authenticated users could perform RCE via Jolokia MBeans
Improper Input Validation, Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection') vulnerability in Apache ActiveMQ Broker, Apache ActiveMQ. Apache ActiveMQ Classic exposes the Jolokia JMX-HTTP bridge at /api/jolokia/ on the web console. The default Jolokia…
KEV Apr 16, 2026 -
High 8.7CVE-2026-28797 Public exploit
RAGFlow: Server-Side Template Injection (SSTI) leading to Remote Code Execution (RCE) in Agent "Text Processing" Component
RAGFlow is an open-source RAG (Retrieval-Augmented Generation) engine. In versions 0.24.0 and prior, a Server-Side Template Injection (SSTI) vulnerability exists in RAGFlow's Agent workflow Text Processing (StringTransform) and Message components. These compo…
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Medium 6.1CVE-2026-34980 Public exploit
OpenPrinting CUPS: Shared PostScript queue lets anonymous Print-Job requests reach `lp` code execution over the network
OpenPrinting CUPS is an open source printing system for Linux and other Unix-like operating systems. In versions 2.4.16 and prior, in a network-exposed cupsd with a shared target queue, an unauthorized client can send a Print-Job to that shared PostScript que…
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Critical 9.8CVE-2026-34243 Public exploit
wenxian: Command Injection in GitHub Actions Workflow via `issue_comment.body`
wenxian is a tool to generate BIBTEX files from given identifiers (DOI, PMID, arXiv ID, or paper title). In versions 0.3.1 and prior, a GitHub Actions workflow uses untrusted user input from issue_comment.body directly inside a shell command, allowing potenti…
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Medium 5.3CVE-2026-29909 Public exploit
MRCMS V3.1.2 contains an unauthenticated directory enumeration vulnerability in the file management module. The /admin/…
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Medium 5.3CVE-2026-33936 Public exploit
python-ecdsa: Denial of Service via improper DER length validation in crafted private keys
The `ecdsa` PyPI package is a pure Python implementation of ECC (Elliptic Curve Cryptography) with support for ECDSA (Elliptic Curve Digital Signature Algorithm), EdDSA (Edwards-curve Digital Signature Algorithm) and ECDH (Elliptic Curve Diffie-Hellman). Prio…
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High 8.8CVE-2026-4342 Public exploit
ingress-nginx comment-based nginx configuration injection
A security issue was discovered in ingress-nginx where a combination of Ingress annotations can be used to inject configuration into nginx. This can lead to arbitrary code execution in the context of the ingress-nginx controller, and disclosure of Secrets acc…
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Medium 5.4CVE-2026-20643 Public exploit
A cross-origin issue in the Navigation API was addressed with improved input validation. This issue is fixed in Backgro…
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Critical 9.1CVE-2026-23489 Public exploit
Fields GLPI plugin vulnerable to RCE in dropdown generation
Fields is a GLPI plugin that allows users to add custom fields on GLPI items forms. Prior to version 1.23.3, it is possible to execute arbitrary PHP code from users that are allowed to create dropdowns. This issue has been patched in version 1.23.3.
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High 7.7CVE-2026-1668 Public exploit
Input Validation Vulnerability on Multiple Omada Switches
The web interface on multiple Omada switches does not adequately validate certain external inputs, which may lead to out-of-bound memory access when processing crafted requests. Under specific conditions, this flaw may result in unintended command execution.<…
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Medium 6.3CVE-2025-60012 Public exploit
Apache Livy: Restrict file access
Malicious configuration can lead to unauthorized file access in Apache Livy. This issue affects Apache Livy 0.7.0 and 0.8.0 when connecting to Apache Spark 3.1 or later. A request that includes a Spark configuration value supported from Apache Spark version 3…
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High 8.7CVE-2026-31900 Public exploit
Black's vulnerable version parsing leads to RCE in GitHub Action
Black is the uncompromising Python code formatter. Black provides a GitHub action for formatting code. This action supports an option, use_pyproject: true, for reading the version of Black to use from the repository pyproject.toml. A malicious pull request co…
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High 8.8CVE-2026-3288 Public exploit
ingress-nginx rewrite-target nginx configuration injection
A security issue was discovered in ingress-nginx where the `nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/rewrite-target` Ingress annotation can be used to inject configuration into nginx. This can lead to arbitrary code execution in the context of the ingress-nginx controller…
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High 7.2CVE-2025-14558 Public exploit
Remote code execution via ND6 Router Advertisements
The rtsol(8) and rtsold(8) programs do not validate the domain search list options provided in router advertisement messages; the option body is passed to resolvconf(8) unmodified. resolvconf(8) is a shell script which does not validate its input. A lack of q…
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Critical 9.9CVE-2026-28466 Public exploit
OpenClaw < 2026.2.14 - Remote Code Execution via Node Invoke Approval Bypass
OpenClaw versions prior to 2026.2.14 contain a vulnerability in the gateway in which it fails to sanitize internal approval fields in node.invoke parameters, allowing authenticated clients to bypass exec approval gating for system.run commands. Attackers with…
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Critical 10.0CVE-2026-0848 Public exploit
Arbitrary Code Execution in NLTK StanfordSegmenter via Untrusted JAR Loading
NLTK versions <=3.9.2 are vulnerable to arbitrary code execution due to improper input validation in the StanfordSegmenter module. The module dynamically loads external Java .jar files without verification or sandboxing. An attacker can supply or replace the …
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Medium 6.2CVE-2026-0014 Public exploit
In isPackageNullOrSystem of AppOpsService.java, there is a possible persistent denial of service due to improper input …
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High 7.5CVE-2026-27959 Public exploit
Koa has Host Header Injection via `ctx.hostname`
Koa is middleware for Node.js using ES2017 async functions. Prior to versions 3.1.2 and 2.16.4, Koa's `ctx.hostname` API performs naive parsing of the HTTP Host header, extracting everything before the first colon without validating the input conforms to RFC …
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High 8.1CVE-2026-27607 Public exploit
RustFS's Missing Post Policy Validation leads to Arbitrary Object Write
RustFS is a distributed object storage system built in Rust. In versions 1.0.0-alpha.56 through 1.0.0-alpha.82, RustFS does not validate policy conditions in presigned POST uploads (PostObject), allowing attackers to bypass content-length-range, starts-with, …
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Medium 5.5CVE-2026-2898 Public exploit
funadmin Backend Endpoint AuthCloudService.php getMember deserialization
A vulnerability was detected in funadmin up to 7.1.0-rc4. This issue affects the function getMember of the file app/common/service/AuthCloudService.php of the component Backend Endpoint. The manipulation of the argument cloud_account results in deserializatio…
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Medium 6.5CVE-2026-24733 Public exploit
Apache Tomcat: Security constraint bypass with HTTP/0.9
Improper Input Validation vulnerability in Apache Tomcat. Tomcat did not limit HTTP/0.9 requests to the GET method. If a security constraint was configured to allow HEAD requests to a URI but deny GET requests, the user could bypass that constraint on GET req…
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High 7.3CVE-2026-2113 Public exploit
yuan1994 tpadmin WebUploader preview.php deserialization
A security vulnerability has been detected in yuan1994 tpadmin up to 1.3.12. This affects an unknown part in the library /public/static/admin/lib/webuploader/0.1.5/server/preview.php of the component WebUploader. The manipulation leads to deserialization. The…
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High 8.3CVE-2026-25513 Public exploit
FacturaScripts has SQL Injection vulnerability in API ORDER BY Clause
FacturaScripts is open-source enterprise resource planning and accounting software. Prior to version 2025.81, FacturaScripts contains a critical SQL injection vulnerability in the REST API that allows authenticated API users to execute arbitrary SQL queries t…
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High 8.7CVE-2026-25514 Public exploit
FacturaScripts has SQL Injection vulnerability in Autocomplete Actions
FacturaScripts is open-source enterprise resource planning and accounting software. Prior to version 2025.81, FacturaScripts contains a critical SQL injection vulnerability in the autocomplete functionality that allows authenticated attackers to extract sensi…
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High 7.1CVE-2026-25126 Public exploit
PolarLearn's unvalidated vote direction allows vote count manipulation
PolarLearn is a free and open-source learning program. Prior to version 0-PRERELEASE-15, the vote API route (`POST /api/v1/forum/vote`) trusts the JSON body’s `direction` value without runtime validation. TypeScript types are not enforced at runtime, so an at…
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High 7.3CVE-2025-15545 Public exploit
Insufficient Backup File Upload Input Validation on TP-Link Archer RE605X
The backup restore function does not properly validate unexpected or unrecognized tags within the backup file. When such a crafted file is restored, the injected tag is interpreted by a shell, allowing execution of arbitrary commands with root privileges. Suc…
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Medium 5.5CVE-2025-65264 Public exploit
The kernel driver of CPUID CPU-Z v2.17 and earlier does not validate user-supplied values passed via its IOCTL interfac…
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Unscored —CVE-2026-23005 Public exploit
x86/fpu: Clear XSTATE_BV[i] in guest XSAVE state whenever XFD[i]=1
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: x86/fpu: Clear XSTATE_BV[i] in guest XSAVE state whenever XFD[i]=1 When loading guest XSAVE state via KVM_SET_XSAVE, and when updating XFD in response to a guest WRMSR, clear XFD-disabled fea…
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High 7.1CVE-2026-22444 Public exploit
Apache Solr: Insufficient file-access checking in standalone core-creation requests
The "create core" API of Apache Solr 8.6 through 9.10.0 lacks sufficient input validation on some API parameters, which can cause Solr to check the existence of and attempt to read file-system paths that should be disallowed by Solr's "allowPaths" security se…
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High 7.1CVE-2026-22862 Public exploit
go-ethereum has a DoS via malicious p2p message
go-ethereum (geth) is a golang execution layer implementation of the Ethereum protocol. A vulnerable node can be forced to shutdown/crash using a specially crafted message. This vulnerability is fixed in 1.16.8.
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Critical 10.0
n8n Vulnerable to Unauthenticated File Access via Improper Webhook Request Handling
n8n is an open source workflow automation platform. Versions starting with 1.65.0 and below 1.121.0 enable an attacker to access files on the underlying server through execution of certain form-based workflows. A vulnerable workflow could grant access to an u…
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High 8.8CVE-2025-59886 Public exploit
Improper input validation at one of the endpoints of Eaton xComfort ECI's web interface, could lead into an attacker wi…
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Critical 10.0
Cisco Secure Email Gateway and Cisco Secure Email and Web Manager Remote Command Execution Vulnerability
A vulnerability in the Spam Quarantine feature of Cisco AsyncOS Software for Cisco Secure Email Gateway and Cisco Secure Email and Web Manager could allow an unauthenticated, remote attacker to execute arbitrary system commands on an affected device with root…
KEV Dec 17, 2025 -
Critical 9.8CVE-2025-14156 Public exploit
Fox LMS – WordPress LMS Plugin 1.0.4.7 - 1.0.5.1 - Unauthenticated Privilege Escalation via 'createOrder'
The Fox LMS – WordPress LMS Plugin plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to privilege escalation in all versions up to, and including, 1.0.5.1. This is due to the plugin not properly validating the 'role' parameter when creating new users via the `/fox-lms/v1/pa…
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High 8.8CVE-2025-62222 Public exploit
Agentic AI and Visual Studio Code Remote Code Execution Vulnerability
Improper neutralization of special elements used in a command ('command injection') in Visual Studio Code CoPilot Chat Extension allows an unauthorized attacker to execute code over a network.
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High 7.7CVE-2025-62507 Public exploit
Redis: Bug in XACKDEL may lead to stack overflow and potential RCE
Redis is an open source, in-memory database that persists on disk. In versions 8.2.0 and above, a user can run the XACKDEL command with multiple ID's and trigger a stack buffer overflow, which may potentially lead to remote code execution. This issue is fixed…
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High 7.1CVE-2025-34226 Public exploit
OpenPLC Runtime v3 Persistent DoS
OpenPLC Runtime v3 contains an input validation flaw in the /upload-program-action endpoint: the epoch_time field supplied during program uploads is not validated and can be crafted to induce corruption of the programs database. After a successful malformed u…
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High 7.2
motionEye vulnerable to RCE via unsanitized motion config parameter
MotionEye v0.43.1b4 and before is vulnerable to OS Command Injection in configuration parameters such as image_file_name. Unsanitized user input is written to Motion configuration files, allowing remote authenticated attackers with admin access to achieve cod…