Weakness (CWE)
CWE-20: Improper Input Validation
The product receives input or data, but it does
not validate or incorrectly validates that the input has the
properties that are required to process the data safely and
correctly.
How to prevent it (8 mitigations)
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Architecture and Design
Consider using language-theoretic security (LangSec) techniques that characterize inputs using a formal language and build "recognizers" for that language. This effectively requires parsing to be a distinct layer that effectively enforces a boundary between raw input and internal data representations, instead of allowing parser code to be scattered throughout the program, where it could be subject to errors or inconsistencies that create weaknesses. [REF-1109] [REF-1110] [REF-1111]
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Architecture and Design
Use an input validation framework such as Struts or the OWASP ESAPI Validation API. Note that using a framework does not automatically address all input validation problems; be mindful of weaknesses that could arise from misusing the framework itself (CWE-1173).
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Architecture and Design, Implementation
Understand all the potential areas where untrusted inputs can enter the product, including but not limited to: parameters or arguments, cookies, anything read from the network, environment variables, reverse DNS lookups, query results, request headers, URL components, e-mail, files, filenames, databases, and any external systems that provide data to the application. Remember that such inputs may be obtained indirectly through API calls.
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Implementation
Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
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Architecture and Design
For any security checks that are performed on the client side, ensure that these checks are duplicated on the server side, in order to avoid CWE-602. Attackers can bypass the client-side checks by modifying values after the checks have been performed, or by changing the client to remove the client-side checks entirely. Then, these modified values would be submitted to the server.
Even though client-side checks provide minimal benefits with respect to server-side security, they are still useful. First, they can support intrusion detection. If the server receives input that should have been rejected by the client, then it may be an indication of an attack. Second, client-side error-checking can provide helpful feedback to the user about the expectations for valid input. Third, there may be a reduction in server-side processing time for accidental input errors, although this is typically a small savings.
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Implementation
When your application combines data from multiple sources, perform the validation after the sources have been combined. The individual data elements may pass the validation step but violate the intended restrictions after they have been combined.
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Implementation
Be especially careful to validate all input when invoking code that crosses language boundaries, such as from an interpreted language to native code. This could create an unexpected interaction between the language boundaries. Ensure that you are not violating any of the expectations of the language with which you are interfacing. For example, even though Java may not be susceptible to buffer overflows, providing a large argument in a call to native code might trigger an overflow.
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Implementation
Directly convert your input type into the expected data type, such as using a conversion function that translates a string into a number. After converting to the expected data type, ensure that the input's values fall within the expected range of allowable values and that multi-field consistencies are maintained.
Source: MITRE CWE-20
2,645 results · Clear filters · Feed
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High 8.5
Arbitrary Command Injection via Browser Developer Console in TP-Link Archer BE450 and BE7200
An authenticated command injection vulnerability exists in the Archer BE450 v1 and BE7200 v1 router that allows an administrator to execute arbitrary system commands through the web management interface. After successfully authenticating to the admin interfac…
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High 7.7
free5GC: Improper Input Validation and Generation of Error Message Containing Sensitive Information in github.com/free5gc/udm
free5GC is an open-source implementation of the 5G core network. Prior to 4.2.2, the free5GC UDM component fails to validate the supi path parameter in six GET handlers of the nudm-sdm (Subscriber Data Management) service. An unauthenticated attacker can inje…
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High 7.5
free5GC: NEF crashes via logger.Fatal on PFD notification delivery failure (attacker-controlled notifyUri)
free5GC is an open-source implementation of the 5G core network. Prior to 4.2.2, free5GC's NEF terminates the entire process when a stored PFD-subscription notifyUri cannot be reached. In PfdChangeNotifier.FlushNotifications(), the notifier calls NnefPFDmanag…
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High 7.5
free5GC: NRF POST /oauth2/token structured-form parser type-confusion panic family (Reflect.Set on incompatible types)
free5GC is an open-source implementation of the 5G core network. Prior to 4.2.2, free5GC's NRF root SBI endpoint POST /oauth2/token contains a parser-level type-confusion bug family. The handler in NFs/nrf/internal/sbi/api_accesstoken.go reflects over models.…
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High 7.5
Jenkins Credentials Binding Plugin does not properly sanitize file names for file and zip file credentials
Jenkins Credentials Binding Plugin 720.v3f6decef43ea_ and earlier does not properly sanitize file names for file and zip file credentials, allowing attackers able to provide credentials to a job to write files to arbitrary locations on the node filesystem, wh…
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High 7.1
NVIDIA Display Driver for Linux contains a vulnerability in UVM, where a user could cause improper input validation. A …
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High 8.1
e107: Host Header Injection in e107 password reset enables phishing
e107 is a content management system (CMS). Prior to 2.3.4, a Host Header Injection vulnerability in the password reset page allows attackers to manipulate the Host header to generate password reset links pointing to attacker-controlled domains. This can lead …
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High 7.3
fraillt bitsery std_smart_ptr.h loadFromSharedState improper validation of specified type of input
A security vulnerability has been detected in fraillt bitsery up to 5.2.4. Affected is the function loadFromSharedState in the library include/bitsery/ext/std_smart_ptr.h. Such manipulation leads to improper validation of specified type of input. It is possib…
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High 7.7
Azure Stack HCI Information Disclosure Vulnerability
Improper input validation in Azure Compute Gallery allows an authorized attacker to disclose information over a network.
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High 8.7
Authentication Logic Vulnerability on Multiple TP-Link Range Extenders
An authentication logic vulnerability in multiple TP-Link range extenders allows an unauthenticated attacker on an adjacent network to manipulate a login parameter and reset the administrator password due to insufficient validation. Successful exploitation al…
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High 7.6CVE-2026-34207 Public exploit
TypeBot: SSRF Protection Bypass via DNS-Resolved Hostnames in Webhook / HTTP Request Validation
TypeBot is a chatbot builder tool. In versions prior to 3.16.0, SSRF protection for Webhook / HTTP Request blocks validates only the URL string, blocked hostname literals, and literal IP formats. It does not resolve DNS before allowing the request. As a resul…
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High 7.5
Apache CXF: Incomplete fix for CVE-2025-48913 (Untrusted JMS configuration can lead to RCE)
The fix for CVE-2025-48913: Apache CXF: Untrusted JMS configuration can lead to RCE was not complete, meaning that another path in the code might lead to code execution capabilities, if untrusted users are allowed to configure JMS for Apache CXF. Users are re…
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High 8.4
Remote Code Execution in Gmission Web FAX
Improper input validation, Unrestricted upload of file with dangerous type vulnerability in Gmission Web Fax allows Remote Code Inclusion. This issue affects Web Fax: from 3.0 before 3.1.
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High 7.4
Yii 2: Local file inclusion via view parameter name collision
Yii 2 is a PHP application framework. Versions 2.0.54 and prior contain flawed logic in the core view rendering method View::renderPhpFile() that leads to Local File Inclusion. The function calls extract($_params_, EXTR_OVERWRITE) before the require statement…
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High 7.1
Denial of Service through coldToFrozen.sh Script in Splunk Enterprise
In Splunk Enterprise versions below 10.2.2, 10.0.5, 9.4.11, and 9.3.12, and Splunk Cloud Platform versions below 10.4.2603.1, 10.3.2512.9, 10.2.2510.11, 10.1.2507.21, 10.0.2503.13, and 9.3.2411.129, a low-privileged user that does not hold the ‘admin’ or ‘pow…
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High 7.5
Invalid handling of CLASS != IN
Multiple flaws have been identified in `named` related to the handling of DNS messages whose CLASS is not Internet (`IN`) — for example, `CHAOS` or `HESIOD`, or DNS messages that specify meta-classes (`ANY` or `NONE`) in the question section. Specially crafte…
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High 7.2
Remote Code Execution (RCE) via Zip Slip in Plugin Upload Mechanism
FacturaScripts is an open source accounting and invoicing software. Versions 2026 and below contain a critical vulnerability in the Plugins::add() function. The system fails to properly validate the file paths within uploaded ZIP archives. This allows an atta…
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High 8.8
Microsoft Edge (Chromium-based) Remote Code Execution Vulnerability
Microsoft Edge (Chromium-based) Remote Code Execution Vulnerability
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High 7.3
xiandafu beetl SpELFunction SpELFunction.java expression language injection
A vulnerability was identified in xiandafu beetl up to 3.20.2. Affected is an unknown function of the file beetl-classic-integration/beetl-spring-classic/src/main/java/org/beetl/ext/spring/SpELFunction.java of the component SpELFunction. The manipulation lead…
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High 7.3
h2oai h2o-3 JAR Model.java importBinaryModel deserialization
A security flaw has been discovered in h2oai h2o-3 up to 7402. This affects the function importBinaryModel of the file h2o-core/src/main/java/hex/Model.java of the component JAR Handler. Performing a manipulation results in deserialization. The attack is poss…
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High 8.4
Improper input validation within the AMD Platform Management Framework (PMF) could allow an attacker to unmap arbitrary…
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High 8.7
rust-openssl: undefined behavior in X509Ref::ocsp_responders for certificates with non-UTF-8 OCSP URLs
rust-openssl provides OpenSSL bindings for the Rust programming language. From 0.9.7 to before 0.10.79, X509Ref::ocsp_responders returns OCSP responder URLs from a certificate's AIA extension as OpensslString, whose Deref<Target = str> wraps the raw bytes wit…
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High 8.8
Insufficient validation of untrusted input in Downloads in Google Chrome prior to 148.0.7778.168 allowed a remote attac…
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High 8.7
Fleet server may terminate unexpectedly when handling certain gRPC requests
Fleet is open source device management software. Prior to version 4.81.0, Fleet contained a denial-of-service (DoS) issue in the gRPC Launcher `PublishLogs` endpoint. In affected versions, certain unexpected input values were not handled gracefully, which cou…
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High 8.6
Note Mark: Arbitrary File Write via Path Traversal in Asset Names Leading to Remote Code Execution
Note Mark is an open-source note-taking application. From 0.13.0 to before 0.19.4, the Note Mark application allows authenticated users to upload assets to notes via POST /api/notes/{noteID}/assets, where the asset filename is provided through the X-Name HTTP…
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High 8.6CVE-2026-20224 Public exploit
Cisco Catalyst SD-WAN Manager XML External Entity Injection Vulnerability
A vulnerability in the web UI of Cisco Catalyst SD-WAN Manager, formerly SD-WAN vManage, could allow an unauthenticated, remote attacker to read arbitrary files that are stored in an affected system. The attacker does not need to have valid user credentials. …
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High 8.2
Gotenberg: ExifTool Dangerous Tag Blocklist Bypass via Group-Prefixed Tag Names Allows Arbitrary File Rename and Move
Gotenberg is a Docker-powered stateless API for PDF files. Prior to 8.31.0, Gotenberg only checks if the tag is exactly FileName, so System:FileName slips right through and ExifTool happily renames the file. This allows remote attackers to move, rename, and c…
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High 8.1
CubeCart: Pre-Authenticated Password Reset Link Poisoning via HTTP Host Header
CubeCart is an ecommerce software solution. Prior to 6.7.2, CubeCart 6.6.x – 6.7.1 builds CC_STORE_URL directly from the Host request header at bootstrap, with no allowlist. The constant is embedded verbatim into transactional email links, most critically the…
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High 7.5
Netty: DNS Codec Input Validation Bypass in Netty (Encoder + Decoder)
Netty is an asynchronous, event-driven network application framework. Prior to 4.2.13.Final and 4.1.133.Final, Netty's DNS codec does not enforce RFC 1035 domain name constraints during either encoding or decoding. This creates a bidirectional attack surface:…
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High —
Anchor: `InterfaceAccount` allows account substitution between unexpected types
### Impact Any uses of `InterfaceAccount` allows another unexpected account type to be passed, after https://github.com/solana-foundation/anchor/pull/3837 disabled discriminator checking for this type. The bug was originally reported and fixed in https://gith…
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High 8.8
JupyterLab has an Extension Manager API/GUI Policy Discrepancy allowing 3rd party (malicious) extensions install via POST request.
JupyterLab is an extensible environment for interactive and reproducible computing, based on the Jupyter Notebook Architecture. From 4.0.0 to 4.5.6, the allow-list of extensions that can be installed from PyPI Extension Manager (allowed_extensions_uris) is no…
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High 7.5
Granian: Unauthenticated DoS via WebSocket subprotocol header panic
Granian is a Rust HTTP server for Python applications. From 1.2.0 to 2.7.4, Granian aborts a worker process when an unauthenticated client sends a WebSocket upgrade request whose Sec-WebSocket-Protocol header contains non-ASCII bytes. The crash happens in Gra…
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High 7.5
Unauthenticated Denial-of-Service via Crafted Messages in a Network Protocol Handling Component
Vulnerabilities exist in a protocol-handling component of AOS-8 and AOS-10 Operating Systems. An unauthenticated attacker could exploit these vulnerabilities by sending specially crafted network messages to the affected service. Due to insufficient input vali…
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High 8.5
Improper input validation for some Intel(R) QAT software drivers for Windows before version 1.13 within Ring 3: User Ap…
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High 7.3
.NET Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability
Improper input validation in .NET allows an unauthorized attacker to elevate privileges locally.
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High 7.3
.NET Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability
Heap-based buffer overflow in .NET allows an unauthorized attacker to elevate privileges locally.
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High 8.7
Improper input validation for some Intel Endpoint Management Assistant (EMA) software before version 1.14.5 within Ring…
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High 8.5
JunoClaw: upload_wasm accepted arbitrary filesystem paths without validation
JunoClaw is an agentic AI platform built on Juno Network. Prior to 0.x.y-security-1, the upload_wasm MCP tool accepted a filesystem path from the agent and uploaded whatever bytes the path resolved to, with no validation of location, symlink target, file size…
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High 8.2
Open-WebSearch: SSRF in `fetchWebContent` MCP tool: bracketed IPv6 literals and non-resolving hostname check bypass `isPrivateOrLocalHostname`
Open-WebSearch is a multi-engine MCP server, CLI, and local daemon for agent web search and content retrieval. Prior to 2.1.7, isPublicHttpUrl / assertPublicHttpUrl in src/utils/urlSafety.ts do not recognize bracketed IPv6 literals and do not resolve DNS, whi…
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High 7.8
Local privilege escalation to SYSTEM in Cribl Edge for Windows
A vulnerability chain in Cribl Edge for Windows before 4.17.1 allows a local authenticated user to escalate privileges to NT AUTHORITY\SYSTEM. Incorrect default permissions on the Windows installer's authentication directory (CWE-276) expose a cryptographic s…