Weakness (CWE)
CWE-203: Observable Discrepancy
The product behaves differently or sends different responses under different circumstances in a way that is observable to an unauthorized actor.
How to prevent it (2 mitigations)
-
Architecture and Design
Compartmentalize the system to have "safe" areas where trust boundaries can be unambiguously drawn. Do not allow sensitive data to go outside of the trust boundary and always be careful when interfacing with a compartment outside of the safe area.
Ensure that appropriate compartmentalization is built into the system design, and the compartmentalization allows for and reinforces privilege separation functionality. Architects and designers should rely on the principle of least privilege to decide the appropriate time to use privileges and the time to drop privileges.
-
Implementation
Ensure that error messages only contain minimal details that are useful to the intended audience and no one else. The messages need to strike the balance between being too cryptic (which can confuse users) or being too detailed (which may reveal more than intended). The messages should not reveal the methods that were used to determine the error. Attackers can use detailed information to refine or optimize their original attack, thereby increasing their chances of success.
If errors must be captured in some detail, record them in log messages, but consider what could occur if the log messages can be viewed by attackers. Highly sensitive information such as passwords should never be saved to log files.
Avoid inconsistent messaging that might accidentally tip off an attacker about internal state, such as whether a user account exists or not.
Source: MITRE CWE-203
285 results · Clear filters · Feed
-
Medium 5.3
Directus Affected by User Enumeration via Password Reset Timing Attack
Directus is a real-time API and App dashboard for managing SQL database content. Before 11.14.1, a timing-based user enumeration vulnerability exists in the password reset functionality. When an invalid reset_url parameter is provided, the response time diffe…
-
Medium 5.3
WeKan < 8.19 Attachments Publication Information Disclosure
WeKan versions prior to 8.19 contain an information disclosure vulnerability in the attachments publication. Attachment metadata can be returned without properly scoping results to boards and cards accessible to the requesting user, potentially exposing attac…
-
Medium 5.3
CI4MS Vulnerable to User Email Enumeration via Password Reset Flow
CI4MS is a CodeIgniter 4-based CMS skeleton that delivers a production-ready, modular architecture with RBAC authorization and theme support. Prior to version 0.28.5.0, the authentication implementation in CI4MS is vulnerable to email enumeration. An unauthen…
-
Medium 5.3
File Browser vulnerable to Username Enumeration via Timing Attack in /api/login
File Browser provides a file managing interface within a specified directory and can be used to upload, delete, preview, rename, and edit files. Prior to version 2.55.0, the JSONAuth. Auth function contains a logic flaw that allows unauthenticated attackers t…
-
Medium 5.3
ZITADEL has a user enumeration vulnerability in Login UIs
ZITADEL is an open source identity management platform. Prior to 4.9.1 and 3.4.6, a user enumeration vulnerability has been discovered in Zitadel's login interfaces. An unauthenticated attacker can exploit this flaw to confirm the existence of valid user acco…
-
Medium 5.3CVE-2026-21484 Scanner template
AnythingLLM Vulnerable to Username Enumeration w/ Password Recovery
AnythingLLM is an application that turns pieces of content into context that any LLM can use as references during chatting. Prior to commit e287fab56089cf8fcea9ba579a3ecdeca0daa313, the password recovery endpoint returns different error messages depending on …
-
Medium 5.3CVE-2024-55374 Public exploit
REDCap 14.3.13 allows an attacker to enumerate usernames due to an observable discrepancy between login attempts.
-
Medium 5.3
GLPI 9.5.7 Username Enumeration Vulnerability via Lost Password Endpoint
GLPI 9.5.7 contains a username enumeration vulnerability in the lost password recovery mechanism that allows attackers to validate email addresses. Attackers can systematically test email addresses by submitting requests to the password reset endpoint and ana…
-
Medium 6.9
SpinetiX Fusion Digital Signage 3.4.8 Username Enumeration via Login Script
SpinetiX Fusion Digital Signage 3.4.8 contains a username enumeration vulnerability in its login script that allows attackers to identify valid user accounts. Attackers can send crafted login requests with different usernames to distinguish between existing a…
-
Medium 6.9
Livestatus Injection in dynmaps
User enumeration in Nagvis' Checkmk MultisiteAuth before version 1.9.48 allows an unauthenticated attacker to enumerate Checkmk usernames.
-
Medium 5.3
An issue in Austrian Academy of Sciences (AW) Austrian Archaeological Institute OpenAtlas v.8.12.0 allows a remote atta…
-
Medium 4.3
Directus Vulnerable to Information Leakage in Existing Collections
Directus is a real-time API and App dashboard for managing SQL database content. An observable difference in error messaging was found in the Directus REST API in versions of Directus prior to version 11.13.0. The `/items/{collection}` API returns different e…
-
Medium 5.3CVE-2025-59716 Scanner template
ownCloud Guests before 0.12.5 allows unauthenticated user enumeration via the /apps/guests/register/{email}/{token} end…
-
Medium 4.3
IBM Aspera Faspex information disclosure
IBM Aspera 5.0.0 through 5.0.13.1 could disclose sensitive user information from the system to an authenticated user due to an observable discrepancy of returned data.
-
Medium 5.3
Joomla! Core - [20250902] User-Enumeration in passkey authentication method
Improper handling of authentication requests lead to a user enumeration vector in the passkey authentication method.
-
Medium 4.3
Timing-Based Username Enumeration in DivvyDrive Information Technologies' DivvyDrive Web
Observable Timing Discrepancy vulnerability in DivvyDrive Information Technologies Inc. DivvyDrive Web allows Cross-Domain Search Timing. This issue affects DivvyDrive Web: from 4.8.2.2 before 4.8.2.15.
-
Medium 6.9
Liferay Portal exposes ERC which can lead to exploit the time response attack
Enumeration of ERC from object entry in Liferay Portal 7.4.0 through 7.4.3.128, and Liferay DXP 2024.Q3.0 through 2024.Q3.1, 2024.Q2.0 through 2024.Q2.13, 2024.Q1.1 through 2024.Q1.12, 2023.Q4.0 and 7.4 GA through update 92 allow attackers to determine existe…
-
Medium 5.5CVE-2025-48561 Public exploit
In multiple locations, there is a possible way to access data displayed on the screen due to side channel information d…
-
Medium 5.3
ZITADEL user enumeration vulnerability in login UI
The open-source identity infrastructure software Zitadel allows administrators to disable the user self-registration. Versions 4.0.0 to 4.0.2, 3.0.0 to 3.3.6, and all versions prior to 2.71.15 are vulnerable to a username enumeration issue in the login interf…
-
Medium 6.9
Liferay Portal User Enumeration Vulnerability via the Create Account Page
User enumeration vulnerability in Liferay Portal 7.4.0 through 7.4.3.132, and Liferay DXP 2024.Q4.0 through 2024.Q4.7, 2024.Q3.0 through 2024.Q3.13, 2024.Q2.0 through 2024.Q2.13, 2024.Q1.1 through 2024.Q1.14, 2023.Q4.0 through 2023.Q4.10, 2023.Q3.1 through 20…
-
Medium 5.3
Liferay Portal Enumeration Discrepancy in Calendars
Liferay Portal 7.4.0 through 7.4.3.132, and Liferay DXP 2025.Q1.0 through 2025.Q1.5, 2024.Q4.0 through 2024.Q4.7, 2024.Q3.1 through 2024.Q3.13, 2024.Q2.0 through 2024.Q2.13, 2024.Q1.1 through 2024.Q1.15 and 7.4 GA through update 92 allows any authenticated re…
-
Medium 5.3
Liferay Portal Email Modification Vulnerability via Calendar Portlet
Liferay Portal 7.4.0 through 7.4.3.132, and Liferay DXP 2025.Q1.0 through 2025.Q1.6, 2024.Q4.0 through 2024.Q4.7, 2024.Q3.1 through 2024.Q3.13, 2024.Q2.0 through 2024.Q2.13, 2024.Q1.1 through 2024.Q1.16 and 7.4 GA through update 92 allow any authenticated use…
-
Medium 5.8
EG4 Electronics EG4 Inverters Observable Discrepancy
The public-facing product registration endpoint server responds differently depending on whether the S/N is valid and unregistered, valid but already registered, or does not exist in the database. Combined with the fact that serial numbers are sequentially as…
-
Medium 5.3
Possible user enumeration
A vulnerability in the External Interface of OTRS allows conclusions to be drawn about the existence of user accounts through different HTTP response codes and messages. This enables an attacker to systematically identify valid email addresses. This issue aff…
-
Medium 5.3
An issue was discovered in eGroupWare 17.1.20190111. A User Enumeration vulnerability exists under calendar/freebusy.ph…
-
Medium 6.9
Timing difference in password reset in Ergon Informatik AG's Airlock IAM 7.7.9, 8.0.8, 8.1.7, 8.2.4 and 8.3.1 allows un…
-
Medium 5.3
Kanboard vulnerable to Username Enumeration via Login Behavior and Bruteforce Protection Bypass
Kanboard is project management software that focuses on the Kanban methodology. Prior to version 1.2.46, Kanboard is vulnerable to username enumeration and IP spoofing-based brute-force protection bypass. By analyzing login behavior and abusing trusted HTTP h…
-
Medium 5.3
User name enumeration possible due to response time difference on password reset form
SummaryThis advisory addresses a security vulnerability in Mautic related to the "Forget your password" functionality. This vulnerability could be exploited by unauthenticated users to enumerate valid usernames. User Enumeration via Timing Attack: A user enum…
-
Medium 4.3
UBtech – CWE-203: Observable Discrepancy
CWE-203: Observable Discrepancy
-
Medium 5.3
Enumeration of valid user names
Due to improper authentication mechanism an unauthenticated remote attacker can enumerate valid usernames.
-
Medium 6.3
Potential Username Enumeration in Helix ALM
Helix ALM prior to 2025.1 returns distinct error responses during authentication, allowing an attacker to determine whether a username exists.
-
Medium 4.3
During an annual penetration test conducted on behalf of Axis Communications, Truesec discovered a flaw in the VAPIX De…
-
Medium 5.3
Zitadel allows User Enumeration by loginname attribute normalization
Zitadel is open-source identity infrastructure software. ZITADEL administrators can enable a setting called "Ignoring unknown usernames" which helps mitigate attacks that try to guess/enumerate usernames. If enabled, ZITADEL will show the password prompt even…
-
Medium 4.3
IBM InfoSphere Information Server information disclosure
IBM InfoSphere Information Server 11.7 could allow an authenticated to obtain sensitive username information due to an observable response discrepancy.
-
Medium 5.8
Post-Quantum Secure Feldman's Verifiable Secret Sharing has Timing Side-Channels in Matrix Operations
Post-Quantum Secure Feldman's Verifiable Secret Sharing provides a Python implementation of Feldman's Verifiable Secret Sharing (VSS) scheme. In versions 0.8.0b2 and prior, the `feldman_vss` library contains timing side-channel vulnerabilities in its matrix o…
-
Medium 5.3
The login functionality of the web server in affected devices does not normalize the response times of login attempts. …
-
Medium 4.3
IBM Sterling B2B Integrator information disclosure
IBM Sterling B2B Integrator 6.0.0.0 through 6.1.2.5 and 6.2.0.0 through 6.2.0.3 Standard Edition EBICS server could allow an authenticated user to obtain sensitive filename information due to an observable discrepancy.
-
Medium 5.3
A specific authentication strategy allows to learn ids of PAM users associated with certain authentication types.
-
Medium 5.3CVE-2025-24011 Public exploit
Umbraco CMS Vulnerable to User Enumeration Feasible Based On Management API Timing and Response Codes
Umbraco is a free and open source .NET content management system. Starting in version 14.0.0 and prior to versions 14.3.2 and 15.1.2, it's possible to determine whether an account exists based on an analysis of response codes and timing of Umbraco management …
-
Medium 5.6
Windows Cryptographic Information Disclosure Vulnerability
Windows Cryptographic Information Disclosure Vulnerability