Weakness (CWE)
CWE-203: Observable Discrepancy
The product behaves differently or sends different responses under different circumstances in a way that is observable to an unauthorized actor.
How to prevent it (2 mitigations)
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Architecture and Design
Compartmentalize the system to have "safe" areas where trust boundaries can be unambiguously drawn. Do not allow sensitive data to go outside of the trust boundary and always be careful when interfacing with a compartment outside of the safe area.
Ensure that appropriate compartmentalization is built into the system design, and the compartmentalization allows for and reinforces privilege separation functionality. Architects and designers should rely on the principle of least privilege to decide the appropriate time to use privileges and the time to drop privileges.
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Implementation
Ensure that error messages only contain minimal details that are useful to the intended audience and no one else. The messages need to strike the balance between being too cryptic (which can confuse users) or being too detailed (which may reveal more than intended). The messages should not reveal the methods that were used to determine the error. Attackers can use detailed information to refine or optimize their original attack, thereby increasing their chances of success.
If errors must be captured in some detail, record them in log messages, but consider what could occur if the log messages can be viewed by attackers. Highly sensitive information such as passwords should never be saved to log files.
Avoid inconsistent messaging that might accidentally tip off an attacker about internal state, such as whether a user account exists or not.
Source: MITRE CWE-203
460 results · Feed
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Medium 4.3
Timing-Based Username Enumeration in DivvyDrive Information Technologies' DivvyDrive Web
Observable Timing Discrepancy vulnerability in DivvyDrive Information Technologies Inc. DivvyDrive Web allows Cross-Domain Search Timing. This issue affects DivvyDrive Web: from 4.8.2.2 before 4.8.2.15.
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Medium 6.9
Liferay Portal exposes ERC which can lead to exploit the time response attack
Enumeration of ERC from object entry in Liferay Portal 7.4.0 through 7.4.3.128, and Liferay DXP 2024.Q3.0 through 2024.Q3.1, 2024.Q2.0 through 2024.Q2.13, 2024.Q1.1 through 2024.Q1.12, 2023.Q4.0 and 7.4 GA through update 92 allow attackers to determine existe…
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Low 3.7
Presta Shop vulnerable to email enumeration
An issue was discoverd in file controllers/admin/AdminLoginController.php in PrestaShop before 8.2.1 allowing attackers to gain sensitive information via the reset password feature.
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Medium 5.5CVE-2025-48561 Public exploit
In multiple locations, there is a possible way to access data displayed on the screen due to side channel information d…
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Medium 5.3
ZITADEL user enumeration vulnerability in login UI
The open-source identity infrastructure software Zitadel allows administrators to disable the user self-registration. Versions 4.0.0 to 4.0.2, 3.0.0 to 3.3.6, and all versions prior to 2.71.15 are vulnerable to a username enumeration issue in the login interf…
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Medium 6.9
Liferay Portal User Enumeration Vulnerability via the Create Account Page
User enumeration vulnerability in Liferay Portal 7.4.0 through 7.4.3.132, and Liferay DXP 2024.Q4.0 through 2024.Q4.7, 2024.Q3.0 through 2024.Q3.13, 2024.Q2.0 through 2024.Q2.13, 2024.Q1.1 through 2024.Q1.14, 2023.Q4.0 through 2023.Q4.10, 2023.Q3.1 through 20…
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Medium 5.3
Liferay Portal Enumeration Discrepancy in Calendars
Liferay Portal 7.4.0 through 7.4.3.132, and Liferay DXP 2025.Q1.0 through 2025.Q1.5, 2024.Q4.0 through 2024.Q4.7, 2024.Q3.1 through 2024.Q3.13, 2024.Q2.0 through 2024.Q2.13, 2024.Q1.1 through 2024.Q1.15 and 7.4 GA through update 92 allows any authenticated re…
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Medium 5.3
Liferay Portal Email Modification Vulnerability via Calendar Portlet
Liferay Portal 7.4.0 through 7.4.3.132, and Liferay DXP 2025.Q1.0 through 2025.Q1.6, 2024.Q4.0 through 2024.Q4.7, 2024.Q3.1 through 2024.Q3.13, 2024.Q2.0 through 2024.Q2.13, 2024.Q1.1 through 2024.Q1.16 and 7.4 GA through update 92 allow any authenticated use…
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Low 3.7
Portabilis i-Diario Password Recovery Endpoint email observable response discrepancy
A security flaw has been discovered in Portabilis i-Diario up to 1.5.0. Affected by this vulnerability is an unknown functionality of the file /password/email of the component Password Recovery Endpoint. The manipulation results in observable response discrep…
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Low 2.5
riscv-boom SonicBOOM L1 Data Cache timing discrepancy
A vulnerability has been found in riscv-boom SonicBOOM up to 2.2.3 and classified as problematic. Affected by this vulnerability is an unknown functionality of the component L1 Data Cache Handler. The manipulation leads to observable timing discrepancy. Local…
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Low 3.7
OpenBao: Timing Side-Channel in Userpass Auth Method
OpenBao exists to provide a software solution to manage, store, and distribute sensitive data including secrets, certificates, and keys. In versions 0.1.0 through 2.3.1, when using OpenBao's userpass auth method, user enumeration was possible due to timing di…
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Medium 5.8
EG4 Electronics EG4 Inverters Observable Discrepancy
The public-facing product registration endpoint server responds differently depending on whether the S/N is valid and unregistered, valid but already registered, or does not exist in the database. Combined with the fact that serial numbers are sequentially as…
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Low 3.7
Timing Side-Channel in Vault’s Userpass Auth Method
A timing side channel in Vault and Vault Enterprise’s (“Vault”) userpass auth method allowed an attacker to distinguish between existing and non-existing users, and potentially enumerate valid usernames for Vault’s Userpass auth method. Fixed in Vault Communi…
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Low 2.9
curve25519-dalek has timing variability in `curve25519-dalek`'s `Scalar29::sub`/`Scalar52::sub`
The curve25519-dalek crate before 4.1.3 for Rust has a constant-time operation on elliptic curve scalars that is removed by LLVM.
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Medium 5.3
Possible user enumeration
A vulnerability in the External Interface of OTRS allows conclusions to be drawn about the existence of user accounts through different HTTP response codes and messages. This enables an attacker to systematically identify valid email addresses. This issue aff…
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Medium 5.3
An issue was discovered in eGroupWare 17.1.20190111. A User Enumeration vulnerability exists under calendar/freebusy.ph…
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High 7.5
Timing Attack Vulnerability in parisneo/lollms
The parisneo/lollms repository is affected by a timing attack vulnerability in the `authenticate_user` function within the `lollms_authentication.py` file. This vulnerability allows attackers to enumerate valid usernames and guess passwords incrementally by a…
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Medium 6.9
Timing difference in password reset in Ergon Informatik AG's Airlock IAM 7.7.9, 8.0.8, 8.1.7, 8.2.4 and 8.3.1 allows un…
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High 8.7
User enumeration vulnerability in Daily Expense Manager
user enumeration vulnerability in Daily Expense Manager v1.0. To exploit this vulnerability a POST request must be sent using the name parameter in /check.php
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Medium 5.3
Kanboard vulnerable to Username Enumeration via Login Behavior and Bruteforce Protection Bypass
Kanboard is project management software that focuses on the Kanban methodology. Prior to version 1.2.46, Kanboard is vulnerable to username enumeration and IP spoofing-based brute-force protection bypass. By analyzing login behavior and abusing trusted HTTP h…
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Medium 5.3
User name enumeration possible due to response time difference on password reset form
SummaryThis advisory addresses a security vulnerability in Mautic related to the "Forget your password" functionality. This vulnerability could be exploited by unauthenticated users to enumerate valid usernames. User Enumeration via Timing Attack: A user enum…
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Low 3.3
Screen 5.0.0 and older versions allow file existence tests when installed setuid-root
A minor information leak when running Screen with setuid-root privileges allows unprivileged users to deduce information about a path that would otherwise not be available. Affected are older Screen versions, as well as version 5.0.0.
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Medium 4.3
UBtech – CWE-203: Observable Discrepancy
CWE-203: Observable Discrepancy
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Low 3.1
Keystone has an unintended `isFilterable` bypass that can be used as an oracle to match hidden fields
Keystone is a content management system for Node.js. Prior to version 6.5.0, `{field}.isFilterable` access control can be bypassed in `update` and `delete` mutations by adding additional unique filters. These filters can be used as an oracle to probe the exis…
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Medium 5.3
Enumeration of valid user names
Due to improper authentication mechanism an unauthenticated remote attacker can enumerate valid usernames.
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Low 3.1
EspoCRM Allows Potential Disclosure of Sensitive Information in the User Sorting Function
EspoCRM is an Open Source Customer Relationship Management software. Prior to version 9.0.7, users can be sorted by their password hash. This flaw allows an attacker to make assumptions about the hash values of other users stored in the password column of the…
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Medium 6.3
Potential Username Enumeration in Helix ALM
Helix ALM prior to 2025.1 returns distinct error responses during authentication, allowing an attacker to determine whether a username exists.
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Medium 4.3
During an annual penetration test conducted on behalf of Axis Communications, Truesec discovered a flaw in the VAPIX De…
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Medium 5.3
Zitadel allows User Enumeration by loginname attribute normalization
Zitadel is open-source identity infrastructure software. ZITADEL administrators can enable a setting called "Ignoring unknown usernames" which helps mitigate attacks that try to guess/enumerate usernames. If enabled, ZITADEL will show the password prompt even…
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Medium 4.3
IBM InfoSphere Information Server information disclosure
IBM InfoSphere Information Server 11.7 could allow an authenticated to obtain sensitive username information due to an observable response discrepancy.
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High 7.5
CODESYS Control V3 - OPC UA Server Authentication bypass
An unauthenticated remote attacker can gain access to sensitive information including authentication information when using CODESYS OPC UA Server with the non-default Basic128Rsa15 security policy.
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Medium 5.8
Post-Quantum Secure Feldman's Verifiable Secret Sharing has Timing Side-Channels in Matrix Operations
Post-Quantum Secure Feldman's Verifiable Secret Sharing provides a Python implementation of Feldman's Verifiable Secret Sharing (VSS) scheme. In versions 0.8.0b2 and prior, the `feldman_vss` library contains timing side-channel vulnerabilities in its matrix o…
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Low 3.7
IBM Common Cryptographic Architecture information disclosure
IBM Common Cryptographic Architecture 7.0.0 through 7.5.51 could allow an attacker to obtain sensitive information due to a timing attack during certain RSA operations.
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Critical 9.8
Vasion Print (formerly PrinterLogic) before Virtual Appliance Host 22.0.843 Application 20.0.1923 allows Administrative…
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High 7.5
Draytek devices Vigor 165/166 prior to v4.2.6 , Vigor 2620/LTE200 prior to v3.9.8.8, Vigor 2860/2925 prior to v3.9.7, V…
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Medium 5.3
The login functionality of the web server in affected devices does not normalize the response times of login attempts. …
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Medium 4.3
IBM Sterling B2B Integrator information disclosure
IBM Sterling B2B Integrator 6.0.0.0 through 6.1.2.5 and 6.2.0.0 through 6.2.0.3 Standard Edition EBICS server could allow an authenticated user to obtain sensitive filename information due to an observable discrepancy.
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Medium 5.3
A specific authentication strategy allows to learn ids of PAM users associated with certain authentication types.
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High 7.8
In multiple locations, there is a possible way to obtain any system permission due to a logic error in the code. This c…
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High 7.5
Vulnerability in the JD Edwards EnterpriseOne Tools product of Oracle JD Edwards (component: Web Runtime SEC). Supporte…