Weakness (CWE)
CWE-348: Use of Less Trusted Source
The product has two different sources of the same data or information, but it uses the source that has less support for verification, is less trusted, or is less resistant to attack.
Source: MITRE CWE-348
61 results · Clear filters · Feed
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Medium 6.5
Remark42: Rate limit bypass via unconditional trust of X-Forwarded-For/X-Real-IP headers in direct-internet deployment
Remark42 is a self-hosted comment engine for blogs, articles, or any other place where readers can add comments. From 1.0.0 until 1.16.2, Remark42 globally trusts True-Client-IP, X-Real-IP, and X-Forwarded-For without verifying that the direct peer is a trust…
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Medium 5.3
ezBookkeeping: Source-IP allowlist (MCP & API token) is bypassable via a spoofed `X-Forwarded-For` header
ezBookkeeping is an open source, self-hosted personal finance application. From 0.10.0 until 1.6.0, ezBookkeeping constructs its Gin router with gin.New() without configuring SetTrustedProxies, causing c.ClientIP() to trust a spoofed X-Forwarded-For value. An…
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Medium 5.3
PipesHub before 0.10.0 Rate Limit Bypass via Spoofed X-Forwarded-For Header
PipesHub before 0.10.0 contains a rate limit bypass vulnerability in getClientIp() that allows unauthenticated attackers to evade per-IP throttling by spoofing X-Forwarded-For or X-Real-IP headers. Attackers can rotate header values to obtain fresh rate-limit…
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Medium 5.3
Echo: X-Real-IP extractor trusts the header value instead of the sending peer
Echo is a Go web framework. From 5.0.0 until 5.4.1, Echo v5's ExtractIPFromRealIPHeader validates whether the client-supplied X-Real-IP value belongs to a trusted range instead of validating the direct network peer. A client reaching Echo directly, or through…
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Medium 4.3
Use of Less Trusted Source in GitLab
GitLab has remediated an issue in GitLab EE affecting all versions from 17.8 before 19.3.6, 19.4 before 19.4.3, and 19.5 before 19.5.1 that under certain conditions could have allowed an authenticated user to access paid AI features without a valid subscripti…
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Medium 5.9
Use of Less Trusted Source in hMailServer
Use of a less trusted source for the envelope sender in the external-account download of Progressive Robot hMailServer 6.0.0 through 6.3.6 allows a remote unauthenticated attacker to have mail they write in the name of a domain the server hosts sent on by the…
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Medium 4.8
Chi Client IP Spoofing in ClientIPFromXFF via X-Forwarded-For
In the Golang Chi web framework, the ClientIPFromXFF middleware skips any X-Forwarded-For entry in a configured trusted CIDR but never verifies that the direct TCP peer in http.Request.RemoteAddr belongs to that CIDR. A client that can reach the Go server dir…
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Medium 5.9
Wheels through 4.1.1 derives its default production error-email address from the Host header of the request that starts…
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Medium 6.5
Wheels 4.0.6 through 4.1.2 lets an unauthenticated client switch a request into a separate test application context, in…
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Medium 6.5
In `api-gateway` versions till `1.7.3`, The default rate-limit key resolver, `ClientIpKeyResolver`, derives the per-cli…
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Medium 4.2
PairDrop through 1.11.2 IP Spoofing via cf-connecting-ip Header
PairDrop through 1.11.2 contains an IP spoofing vulnerability in Peer._setIP that allows remote attackers to join other networks' discovery rooms by supplying a forged cf-connecting-ip header. Attackers who know a victim's public IP can appear as a local devi…
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Medium 6.5
Pingvin Share X before 1.22.0 Rate Limit Bypass via Spoofed X-Forwarded-For
Pingvin Share X before 1.22.0 contains a rate limit bypass vulnerability that allows unauthenticated remote attackers to evade per-IP throttling because backend/src/main.ts unconditionally trusts proxy headers. Attackers can rotate spoofed X-Forwarded-For val…
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Medium 5.3
Gophish through 0.12.1 Login Rate Limit Bypass via X-Forwarded-For Spoofing
Gophish through 0.12.1 contains a rate limit bypass vulnerability that allows unauthenticated attackers to evade /login throttling by spoofing X-Forwarded-For or X-Real-IP headers. Attackers can send a different forwarded address per request so the limiter ke…
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Medium 6.5
simple-php-router through 5.4.1.7 IP restriction bypass via forwarding headers
simple-php-router through 5.4.1.7 contains an IP restriction bypass vulnerability in the IpRestrictAccess middleware that allows remote unauthenticated attackers to bypass IP whitelist and blacklist protections. Attackers can spoof X-Forwarded-For, CF-Connect…
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Medium 4.7
UnoPim 2.0.0 before 2.0.1 and 2.1.0 before 2.1.1 Cache Poisoning via X-Forwarded-Host
UnoPim versions before 2.0.1 and 2.1.1 trust all connecting clients as proxies and honor the X-Forwarded-Host header without validation, allowing unauthenticated attackers to inject arbitrary origins into admin layout pages. Attackers can set X-Forwarded-Host…
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Medium 6.5
Trusted Domain Project OpenDKIM Tag Tokenizer dkim.c dkim_process_set less trusted source
A security flaw has been discovered in Trusted Domain Project OpenDKIM up to 2.11.0. The impacted element is the function dkim_process_set of the file dkim.c of the component Tag Tokenizer. Performing a manipulation results in use of less trusted source. The …
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Medium 6.5
PyJWT accepts inconsistent OKP x/d JWKs, causing public/private key identity confusion
PyJWT is a Python implementation of JSON Web Token standards. From 2.1.0 until 2.15.0, PyJWT OKPAlgorithm.from_jwk in jwt/algorithms.py is affected because private-JWK import path does not compare the public key derived from d with x. This occurs when an OKP …
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Medium 6.5
vLLM 0.22.1 before 0.28.0 Incomplete Artifact Pin Propagation
vLLM is an inference and serving engine for large language models. In versions from 0.22.1 through 0.28.0, the operator-supplied model revision pin (--revision / --code-revision) is not propagated to several Hugging Face artifact loads for the FunAudioChat an…
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Medium 5.3
wpForo Forum 3.0.0 - 3.1.5 - Unauthenticated AI Credit Exhaustion via IP Rate Limit Bypass
The wpForo Forum WordPress plugin from 3.0.0 before 3.1.6 does not verify the source of client-supplied IP address headers before using them to key its per-visitor rate limit on paid AI requests, allowing unauthenticated attackers to bypass the limit by spoof…
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Medium 4.3
Use of Less Trusted Source in GitLab
GitLab has remediated an issue in GitLab CE/EE affecting all versions from 19.1 before 19.2.7, 19.3 before 19.3.3, and 19.4 before 19.4.1 that under certain conditions could have allowed an authenticated user to spoof merge request authorship and attribute co…
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Medium 4.3
Automation-controller: automation-controller: client ip spoofing in audit/access logs via unrestricted x-forwarded-for trust
A flaw was found in the Ansible Automation Platform automation-controller. In the shipped production configuration, the Controller trusts the client-supplied X-Forwarded-For header as the request's client IP without verifying that it originated from a trusted…
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Medium 5.3
Forminator Forms < 1.57.2.1 - Unauthenticated Poll Vote Limit Bypass via IP Spoofing
The Forminator Forms WordPress plugin before 1.57.2.1 does not verify that a request came from a trusted proxy before preferring client-supplied forwarding headers over the connecting address, and it uses that value both to enforce its per-visitor voting limi…
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Medium 5.8
Fabio - Incomplete fix for CVE-2025-48865: operator-configured trust headers (clientip/tls/requestid) still strippable via the Connection header
Fabio is an HTTP(S) and TCP router for deploying applications managed by consul. From 1.6.6 until 1.7.2, the CVE-2025-48865 fix in proxy/http_headers.go uses protectHeaders for a hardcoded set of forwarded headers but omits the operator-configured ClientIPHea…
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Medium 6.3
djust: WebSocket/runtime reconstructed request omits the client Host, causing host/subdomain TenantResolvers to misresolve the tenant on the live path
djust provides Phoenix LiveView-style reactive server-side rendering for Django with Rust-powered performance. Prior to version 1.0.7, the WebSocket `handle_mount` and `ViewRuntime._build_request` rebuild an `HttpRequest` via `RequestFactory().get(...)` with …
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Medium 4.3
Forgejo 13.0.0 through 16.0.4, when "[federation] ENABLED = true" is set, has a spoofing issue that affects identity in…
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Medium 6.1
fastify vulnerable to X-Forwarded-* spoofing under trustProxy hop-count
fastify is a fast and low overhead web framework for Node.js. Impact: the fix for CVE-2026-3635 added a guard on the forwarded-header reads used to derive the request host, protocol, hostname, ip, and ips values, checking the connecting address. That guard cl…
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Medium 6.5
go-chi chi before 5.3.0 IP Spoofing via RealIP Middleware
go-chi/chi through 5.2.1 contains an IP spoofing vulnerability in the RealIP middleware (middleware/realip.go). The realIP() function reads client-controlled headers (True-Client-IP, X-Real-IP, and X-Forwarded-For) and overwrites r.RemoteAddr without verifyin…
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Medium 5.9
Litestar: AllowedHostsMiddleware bypasses host validation via client-controlled X-Forwarded-Host header
Litestar is an Asynchronous Server Gateway Interface (ASGI) framework. In versions prior to 2.22.0, an attacker can bypass the allowed hosts validation by omitting the Host header and supplying an X-Forwarded-Host header set to a whitelisted domain. The Allow…
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Medium 4.8
CodeIgniter: Spoofable forwarded HTTPS headers in IncomingRequest::isSecure()
CodeIgniter is a PHP full-stack web framework. In versions prior to 4.7.4, IncomingRequest::isSecure() trusted the X-Forwarded-Proto and Front-End-Https headers from any incoming request, allowing an attacker could spoof these headers and cause the applicatio…
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Medium 6.3
'response-ip'/'rpz' can rewrite BOGUS answers instead of returning SERVFAIL
In NLnet Labs Unbound 1.6.2 up to and including 1.25.1, when Unbound is configured with the 'respip' module in front of the validator together with a 'response-ip' redirect rule or an RPZ file with an RPZ-IP trigger, the rewriting handler does not check the s…
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Medium 4.8
Hono: API Gateway v1 adapter can drop a distinct repeated request header value during de-duplication
Hono is a Web application framework that provides support for any JavaScript runtime. From 4.3.3 before 4.12.27, the AWS API Gateway v1 adapter can drop a distinct repeated request header value because it de-duplicates values using a substring comparison inst…
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Medium 5.9
In sshd in OpenSSH before 10.4, DisableForwarding=yes was supposed to take precedence over PermitTunnel=yes, but did no…
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Medium 5.3
LibreTranslate - IP Spoofing via X-Forwarded-For Header
LibreTranslate through 1.9.7, fixed in commit 397fd22, contains an IP spoofing vulnerability in the get_remote_address() function that allows unauthenticated attackers to spoof client IP addresses by injecting arbitrary values into the X-Forwarded-For header …
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Medium 4.8
Hono: Lambda@Edge adapter keeps only the last value of a repeated request header, dropping the rest
Hono is a Web application framework that provides support for any JavaScript runtime. Prior to 4.12.25, on AWS Lambda@Edge, CloudFront delivers a request header that appears more than once as several separate entries. The adapter writes each value with Header…
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Medium 6.5
OfflineIMAP before 8.0.3 trusts the server with their STARTTLS capability prior to authentication, which allows STRIPTL…
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Medium 6.4
In nspawn in systemd 233 through 259 before 260, an escape-to-host action can occur via a crafted optional config file.
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Medium 6.4
Shynet before 0.14.0 allows Host header injection in the password reset flow.
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Medium 5.1
URL (HTTP Origin) call location spoofing in Szafir SDK Web
Szafir SDK Web is a browser plug-in that can run SzafirHost application which download the necessary files when launched. In Szafir SDK Web it is possible to change the URL (HTTP Origin) of the application call location. An unauthenticated attacker can craft …
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Medium 5.3
AVideo vulnerable to IP Address Spoofing via Untrusted HTTP Headers in getRealIpAddr()
WWBN AVideo is an open source video platform. In versions up to and including 26.0, the `getRealIpAddr()` function in `objects/functions.php` trusts user-controlled HTTP headers to determine the client's IP address. An attacker can spoof their IP address by s…
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Medium 6.1
Fastify request.protocol and request.host spoofable via X-Forwarded-Proto/Host from untrusted connections when trustProxy uses restrictive trust function
Summary When trustProxy is configured with a restrictive trust function (e.g., a specific IP like trustProxy: '10.0.0.1', a subnet, a hop count, or a custom function), the request.protocol and request.host getters read X-Forwarded-Proto and X-Forwarded-Host h…