Weakness (CWE)
CWE-400: Uncontrolled Resource Consumption
The product does not properly control the allocation and maintenance of a limited resource.
How to prevent it (4 mitigations)
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Architecture and Design
Design throttling mechanisms into the system architecture. The best protection is to limit the amount of resources that an unauthorized user can cause to be expended. A strong authentication and access control model will help prevent such attacks from occurring in the first place. The login application should be protected against DoS attacks as much as possible. Limiting the database access, perhaps by caching result sets, can help minimize the resources expended. To further limit the potential for a DoS attack, consider tracking the rate of requests received from users and blocking requests that exceed a defined rate threshold.
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Architecture and Design
Mitigation of resource exhaustion attacks requires that the target system either:
- recognizes the attack and denies that user further access for a given amount of time, or
- uniformly throttles all requests in order to make it more difficult to consume resources more quickly than they can again be freed.
The first of these solutions is an issue in itself though, since it may allow attackers to prevent the use of the system by a particular valid user. If the attacker impersonates the valid user, they may be able to prevent the user from accessing the server in question.
The second solution is simply difficult to effectively institute -- and even when properly done, it does not provide a full solution. It simply makes the attack require more resources on the part of the attacker.
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Architecture and Design
Ensure that protocols have specific limits of scale placed on them.
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Implementation
Ensure that all failures in resource allocation place the system into a safe posture.
Source: MITRE CWE-400
4,045 results · Feed
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Medium 5.5
Freetype: freetype: denial of service via repeated subroutine allocations in cid font loader
A flaw was found in FreeType, specifically within its CID font loader. A remote attacker could exploit this vulnerability by tricking a user into opening content that embeds or references a specially crafted CID-keyed font. This crafted font can cause repeate…
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High 7.5
OMGF < 6.3.11 - Unauthenticated DoS via do_optimize
The OMGF | GDPR/DSGVO Compliant, Faster Google Fonts. Easy. WordPress plugin before 6.3.11 does not require authentication or a valid nonce on an action that issues a slow server-side loopback request, allowing unauthenticated attackers to exhaust the site's …
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Medium 5.9
Mooncake transfer engine through 0.3.13.post1 Denial of Service via P2P Handshake Daemon Response Write
Mooncake transfer engine through 0.3.13.post1 contains a denial of service vulnerability that allows unauthenticated remote attackers to block the handshake daemon by never reading replies. Attackers can send a Metadata request to the handshake RPC port and s…
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High 7.5
389-ds-base: 389-ds-base: unauthenticated worker-thread-pool exhaustion via completed-operation-then-incomplete-pdu connection requeue
A flaw was found in 389-ds-base. An unauthenticated remote attacker can send a complete LDAP operation followed by the first bytes of an incomplete LDAPMessage on the same connection, causing the server to hand that connection to a second worker thread before…
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High 7.5
jackson-dataformats-binary: Smile parser does not enforce StreamReadConstraints.maxNameLength, enabling memory-exhaustion denial of service
The Smile parser in FasterXML jackson-dataformats-binary never invokes StreamReadConstraints.validateNameLength() when decoding JSON object property names, so the maxNameLength limit is not enforced for this format. SmileParser._handleLongFieldName() grows it…
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High 7.5
jackson-dataformats-binary: CBOR parser does not enforce StreamReadConstraints.maxNameLength, enabling memory-exhaustion denial of service
The CBOR parser in FasterXML jackson-dataformats-binary never invokes StreamReadConstraints.validateNameLength() when decoding JSON object property names, so the maxNameLength limit is not enforced for this format. CBORParser._decodeLongerName() decodes a def…
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Medium —
devalue: Residual sparse-array CPU amplification in uneval
`uneval` performs synchronous work proportional to a sparse array's declared length. An application that passes attacker-influenced sparse values to `uneval` can suffer event-loop blocking. Since attacker-controlled creation of sparse arrays is so difficult, …
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High —
devalue: Repeated primitive strings cause quadratic expansion in uneval
Under very constrained circumstances, data that was `parse`d and then passed to `uneval` could turn a small payload into a very large serialized string.
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Low —
devalue: Sparse arrays emitted by uneval cause eager allocation when evaluated
Evaluating legitimate `uneval` output for a sparse array can allocate memory proportional to its declared length. A tiny serialized value can therefore cause large memory allocation in a consuming browser/runtime. This occurs during evaluation of generated co…
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High 7.5
Tornado before 6.5.9 Denial of Service via CurlAsyncHTTPClient
Tornado versions before 6.5.9 contain an unbounded memory accumulation vulnerability in CurlAsyncHTTPClient that allows remote attackers to cause denial of service by sending a compressed response. Attackers can send a gzip-encoded decompression bomb that acc…
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High 8.7
pypdf: Possible large memory usage when retrieving alphabetical page labels
pypdf is a free and open-source pure-python PDF library. Prior to 6.19.0, a crafted PDF can provide unusually large alphabetical page-label values that cause pypdf/_page_labels.py to generate strings beyond a reasonable page-label length when an application r…
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High 8.7
pypdf: Possible long runtimes with large amount of embedded files
pypdf is a free and open-source pure-python PDF library. Prior to 6.19.0, a crafted PDF containing many embedded files can cause the dictionary-based attachments API in pypdf/_doc_common.py to reparse the full attachment list for each content lookup, producin…
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Medium 5.3
Kiteworks Email Protection Gateway Uncontrolled Resource Consumption
A resource exhaustion vulnerability in Kiteworks Email Protection Gateway allowed an unauthenticated remote attacker to repeatedly trigger a comparatively expensive server-side operation, causing a partial denial of service.
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High 8.7
pypdf: Possible long runtimes when generating appearance streams
pypdf is a free and open-source pure-python PDF library. Prior to 6.19.0, a crafted PDF with form field values can cause pypdf/generic/_appearance_stream.py appearance-stream generation to repeat invariant selection-data work inside a loop when an application…
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High 8.7
pypdf: Possible long runtimes for partially malformed FlateDecode streams (Follow-up)
pypdf is a free and open-source pure-python PDF library. Prior to 6.18.1, a crafted PDF containing a partially malformed /FlateDecode stream with padded data can force pypdf/filters.py to use inefficient byte-by-byte decompression while the earlier recovery c…
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High 8.7
pypdf: Possible large memory usage when parsing font data
pypdf is a free and open-source pure-python PDF library. Prior to 6.18.1, a crafted PDF can provide a TrueType or Type1 simple font with an unusually large /Widths array, causing pypdf/_font.py Font._collect_tt_t1_character_widths to process entries beyond th…
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High 8.7
pypdf: Possible large memory usage for large /ToUnicode streams (Follow-up 2)
pypdf is a free and open-source pure-python PDF library. Prior to 6.18.1, a crafted PDF can place unusually large source-code or destination-string tokens in a font /ToUnicode mapping, causing pypdf/_cmap.py parse_bfchar to decode and retain oversized values …
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High 8.7
pypdf: Possible long runtimes/large memory usage when parsing indirect objects
pypdf is a free and open-source pure-python PDF library. Prior to 6.18.0, a crafted PDF containing indirect-object identifiers or generation-number tokens that continue for a long time without whitespace can cause pypdf/_reader.py and pypdf/generic/_base.py t…
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High 8.7
pypdf: Possible large memory usage when retrieving Roman page labels
pypdf is a free and open-source pure-python PDF library. Prior to 6.17.0, a crafted PDF can provide unusually large Roman page-label values that cause pypdf/_page_labels.py to generate excessively large numeral strings when an application retrieves document p…
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Medium 5.5
NVIDIA GPU Display Driver for Linux contains a vulnerability in the kernel mode layer where a user could cause uncontro…
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Medium 5.5
NVIDIA GPU Display Driver for Linux contains a vulnerability in the kernel mode layer, where a user could cause uncontr…
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High 8.7
Fireware OS Resource Exhaustion in Login Process Allows Denial of Service
An uncontrolled resource consumption vulnerability in the Fireware OS login process (wgagent) allows a remote, unauthenticated attacker to cause a denial of service by sending a specially crafted request.
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High 7.1
Fireware OS Uncontrolled Resource Consumption in Diagnostic Tasks Allows Denial of Service
An uncontrolled resource consumption vulnerability in Fireware OS's diagnostic tasks feature allows a low-privileged, authenticated user to cause a denial of service of the system's diagnostic tools by repeatedly starting and aborting a specially crafted diag…
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High 7.1
Fireware OS Missing Authorization in wgagent Management API Allows Denial of Service - Variant B
A missing authorization vulnerability in the wgagent management daemon's session initialization function allows an authenticated, low-privileged user (including a read-only or guest administrator account) to crash the wgagent process and read arbitrary files …
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Medium 4.9
Authenticated Denial-of-Service Vulnerability in HPE Networking Instant On API Endpoint
A denial-of-service vulnerability exists in the API endpoint of HPE Networking Instant On that could allow an authenticated attacker with administrative privileges to cause a denial of service. Successful exploitation could allow an attacker to interrupt the …
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Medium 6.5
Russh: Unbounded memory exhaustion via CHANNEL_OPEN flood during a client-stalled rekey
Russh is a Rust SSH client and server library. Prior to 0.63.2, an authenticated remote peer can send SSH_MSG_KEXINIT without the required SSH_MSG_KEX_ECDH_INIT and then flood SSH_MSG_CHANNEL_OPEN messages while SessionKexState::InProgress prevents priority_r…
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Medium —
markdown-it linkify: true has two quadratic paths, so a few hundred KB of markdown blocks the event loop for tens of seconds
## Summary Two independent quadratic paths in the `linkify: true` handling. Both are in markdown-it's own code rather than in linkify-it, which stays linear on both payloads. `src/rules_core/linkify.ts` calls `arrayReplaceAt` once per linkified text token, an…
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Medium 5.3
js-yaml: maxTotalMergeKeys does not limit CPU use for empty merge sources
## Summary `maxTotalMergeKeys` does not count empty mappings. An attacker can repeatedly merge a large sequence of them and consume significant CPU without reaching the configured limit. ## Example ```yaml arr: &arr [{}, {}, {}, ...] # N empty mappings target…
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High 7.5
DataTransfer depends on phpspreadsheet version vulnerable to CVE-2026-59933 (XLS/OLE memory exhaustion)
Dependency on Vulnerable Third-Party Component and Uncontrolled Resource Consumption vulnerability in Wikimedia Foundation Mediawiki - DataTransfer Extension allows Excessive Allocation. This issue affects Mediawiki - DataTransfer Extension: from 1.46.0 befor…
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Low 3.7
pbkdf2 rehashes long passwords on every iteration, enabling denial of service
pbkdf2 through 3.1.6 re-hashes passwords longer than the digest's block size on every iteration in its JavaScript fallback (lib/sync.js). A password longer than the block size (64 bytes, or 128 bytes for sha384 and sha512) is passed to HMAC as the key on ever…
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High 7.5
brace-expansion: DoS via uncontrolled recursion on nested brace groups causing stack exhaustion
The brace-expansion library generates arbitrary strings containing a common prefix and suffix. Prior to 1.1.20, 2.1.6, 3.0.8, and 5.0.11, deeply nested brace groups cause expand_() to recurse once per nesting level at comma-member and single-set expansion sit…
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Medium 5.3
brace-expansion: Quadratic-time expansion of the `{a},b}` rewrite causes CPU denial of service
The brace-expansion library generates arbitrary strings containing a common prefix and suffix. Prior to 1.1.21, 2.1.7, 3.0.9, and 5.0.12, the expand function handles untrusted {a},b}-shaped patterns with many trailing closing braces by restarting its scan onc…
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High 7.5
brace-expansion: DoS via uncontrolled recursion in parseCommaParts causing stack exhaustion
The brace-expansion library generates arbitrary strings containing a common prefix and suffix. Prior to 1.1.19, 2.1.5, 3.0.7, and 5.0.10, crafted brace patterns can exhaust the native stack in parseCommaParts because parseCommaParts recursively processes the …
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Medium 6.3
ip-address: Address6 builds a parse diagnostic proportional to the input with no length bound, allowing a single long string to stall or crash the process
ip-address is a library for parsing and manipulating IPv4 and IPv6 addresses in JavaScript. Prior to 10.7.1, the Address6 constructor, Address6.isValid, and parse code in src/ipv6.ts accept unbounded strings and expand invalid characters through RE_BAD_CHARAC…
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High 8.2
Axios: ReDoS (O(N²)) in shouldBypassProxy host normalization, reachable via untrusted redirect Location
Axios is a promise-based HTTP client for the browser and Node.js. From 1.15.0 until 1.20.0, Axios shouldBypassProxy applies a quadratic trailing-dot regular expression to redirect hostnames. HTTP_PROXY or HTTPS_PROXY is configured, NO_PROXY or no_proxy is non…
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High 8.2
Axios: Denial of Service via Unhandled 'error' Event in HTTP/2 ClientHttp2Session Initialization
Axios is a promise-based HTTP client for the browser and Node.js. From 1.13.0 until 1.20.0, Http2Sessions does not install adequate error handling for a ClientHttp2Session during Axios HTTP/2 session initialization or reuse. A request uses httpVersion: 2 and …
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Medium 4.3
ag-ui-protocol ag-ui HTTP JdkAgentHttpHandler.java readAllBytes resource consumption
A security vulnerability has been detected in ag-ui-protocol ag-ui up to 2026-09-23. Affected by this issue is the function readAllBytes of the file JdkAgentHttpHandler.java of the component HTTP Handler. Such manipulation leads to resource consumption. The a…
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Medium 4.9
Uncontrolled Resource Consumption in Elasticsearch Leading to denial of service
Uncontrolled Resource Consumption (CWE-400) in Elasticsearch can lead denial of service via Excessive Allocation (CAPEC-130)
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Medium 6.5
Uncontrolled Resource Consumption in Elasticsearch Leading to denial of service
Uncontrolled Resource Consumption (CWE-400) in Elasticsearch can lead denial of service via Excessive Allocation (CAPEC-130)
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Medium 6.5
Uncontrolled Resource Consumption in Elasticsearch Leading to denial of service
Uncontrolled Resource Consumption (CWE-400) in Elasticsearch can lead denial of service via Excessive Allocation (CAPEC-130)