Weakness (CWE)
CWE-400: Uncontrolled Resource Consumption
The product does not properly control the allocation and maintenance of a limited resource.
How to prevent it (4 mitigations)
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Architecture and Design
Design throttling mechanisms into the system architecture. The best protection is to limit the amount of resources that an unauthorized user can cause to be expended. A strong authentication and access control model will help prevent such attacks from occurring in the first place. The login application should be protected against DoS attacks as much as possible. Limiting the database access, perhaps by caching result sets, can help minimize the resources expended. To further limit the potential for a DoS attack, consider tracking the rate of requests received from users and blocking requests that exceed a defined rate threshold.
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Architecture and Design
Mitigation of resource exhaustion attacks requires that the target system either:
- recognizes the attack and denies that user further access for a given amount of time, or
- uniformly throttles all requests in order to make it more difficult to consume resources more quickly than they can again be freed.
The first of these solutions is an issue in itself though, since it may allow attackers to prevent the use of the system by a particular valid user. If the attacker impersonates the valid user, they may be able to prevent the user from accessing the server in question.
The second solution is simply difficult to effectively institute -- and even when properly done, it does not provide a full solution. It simply makes the attack require more resources on the part of the attacker.
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Architecture and Design
Ensure that protocols have specific limits of scale placed on them.
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Implementation
Ensure that all failures in resource allocation place the system into a safe posture.
Source: MITRE CWE-400
4,047 results · Feed
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Medium 4.3
A host listed as a trusted proxy can send forwarding information containing a NUL byte, which crashes the login process…
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High 7.5
An unauthenticated attacker can send an IMAP ID command with a very large number of parameters before logging in, which…
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Medium 5.9
An unauthenticated attacker can send a truncated quoted argument to the ManageSieve login process, which makes it spin …
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Medium 6.5
An attacker that can send mail to a user can craft a message header whose values are chosen to collide in an internal h…
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Medium 6.5
An attacker that can send mail to a user can craft a message header that makes the IMAP THREAD command consume CPU disp…
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Medium 4.3
An attacker that has valid credentials can use IMAP LIST command to consume CPU. This can cause degradation or denial o…
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High 7.5
An unauthenticated attacker can crash the ManageSieve login process by sending a small malformed command before authent…
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High 7.5
An attacker that can send mail to a user can craft a message whose headers contain a very large number of email address…
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High 7.5
An issue in the with_argv function (/unistd/mod.rs) of relibc commit 61f42d allows attackers to cause a Denial of Servi…
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High 7.5
An issue in the seekdir() function (/dirent/mod.rs) of relibc commit 61f42d allows attackers to cause a Denial of Servi…
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High 7.5
vLLM up to and including 0.17.0 allows remote attackers to cause a Denial of Service via memory exhaustion. The AsyncMe…
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High 8.7
Dimension Denial-of-Service
WatchGuard Dimension is susceptible to a denial-of-service condition when an attacker sends a high volume of TCP SYN packets to the log listening service.
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High 8.1
Trilium arbitrary file read and denial of service via file:// URLs in the automatic image-download feature
Trilium is an open-source hierarchical note-taking application. In versions prior to 0.104.0, the automatic image-download feature accepts file:// URLs in a note's img tags and reads the referenced local file with no path validation, allowing any authenticate…
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Medium 5.3
Spring Cloud Config Monitor Denial of Service
The Spring Cloud Config Monitor is susceptible to Denial of Service attacks via malicious payloads. Spring Cloud Config 5.0.0 - 5.0.4 Spring Cloud Config 4.3.0 - 4.3.4 Spring Cloud Config 4.0.0 - 4.2.8 Spring Cloud Config 3.1.14 and earlier
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High 7.5
Spring Framework Denial of Service via Unbounded List Growth in Data Binding
Spring Framework applications that use Spring's data binding infrastructure to apply user-supplied property paths onto a target object may be vulnerable to a Denial of Service (DoS) attack. Spring Framework 7.0.0 - 7.0.8 Spring Framework 6.2.0 - 6.2.19 Spring…
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Low 3.7
NLTK before 3.10.3 Regular Expression Denial of Service via Pl196xCorpusReader
NLTK before 3.10.3 contains a regular expression denial of service vulnerability in Pl196xCorpusReader that allows attackers to cause quadratic CPU consumption by supplying malformed TEI blocks with many unmatched opening tags. Attackers can exploit lazy rege…
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Low 3.7
NLTK before 3.10.3 Quadratic CPU Exhaustion via XMLCorpusView
NLTK versions before 3.10.3 contain a quadratic CPU exhaustion vulnerability in XMLCorpusView._read_xml_fragment() that rescans accumulated XML fragments on every 1 KiB block read. Attackers can provide malformed XML corpus files to cause severe CPU consumpti…
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High 7.5
openssl_encrypt before 1.4.9 Denial of Service via KDF
openssl_encrypt before 1.4.9 fails to validate KDF cost parameters in encrypted file metadata and keystore headers, allowing attackers to trigger unbounded memory allocation. Attackers can craft malicious encrypted files declaring arbitrarily large Argon2, sc…
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Medium 6.2
openssl_encrypt before 1.4.9 Denial of Service via Unbounded Argon2
openssl_encrypt before 1.4.9 fails to validate the memory_cost parameter from identity file protection blocks, allowing attackers to trigger out-of-memory conditions during key derivation. Attackers with write access to local identity stores can craft malicio…
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Medium 5.5
openssl_encrypt before 1.4.9 Denial of Service via KDF
openssl_encrypt versions before 1.4.9 fail to enforce a time ceiling on key derivation function iteration counts specified in file metadata. Attackers can craft files with extremely high KDF iteration counts to consume CPU resources for unbounded periods befo…
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High 7.5
Spring Framework Denial of Service via Unbounded Exponentiation in SpEL Expressions
Applications that evaluate user-supplied Spring Expression Language (SpEL) expressions may be vulnerable to a Denial of Service (DoS) attack when the power operator (^) is used with a BigDecimal or BigInteger operand and a large exponent value. Spring Framewo…
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Medium 5.9
Denial of Service in Spring Batch FlatFileItemReader via Malformed Input File
Spring Batch's FlatFileItemReader supports files where a single logical record spans multiple physical lines — for example, a CSV field that contains embedded newlines wrapped in quotes. A specially crafted input file could exploit the way the reader assemble…
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High 7.7
Pterodactyl Wings SFTP write path does not enforce disk quota, allowing node-wide disk exhaustion
Wings is the server control plane for the Pterodactyl game-server management panel. In versions up to and including 1.13.2, the SFTP write path does not enforce a server's disk quota during a transfer, allowing a tenant with SFTP write access to a single serv…
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Medium 6.5
Weblate Has Uncontrolled Resource Consumption via
Weblate is a web-based continuous localization platform used to manage software translations. In versions prior to 2026.7, a user with the built-in "Edit source" role can store a malicious regular expression in a source string's flags that is executed without…
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High 8.2
Remote UDP DoS by sending multiple DNS Cookie options
Any remote client can crash a (debugging/non-release build type) NSD serve child by sending it a special crafted message with a specially tuned number of DNS Cookie options (17 when UDP payload size is 512). By continuously crashing the serve childs, the remo…
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High 7.5
An issue in Vanderbilt Industries, Acre Security SPC5300.000 Main Board v.3.14.1 allows a physically proximate attacker…
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High 7.5
An issue in Vanderbilt Industries, Acre Security SPC5300.000 Main Board v.3.14.1 allows a physically proximate attacker…
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Critical 9.3
An issue in TokTok qTox v1.18.4 allows a local attacker to cause a denial of service via the src/persistence/serialize.…
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High 7.5
Apache Tomcat: DoS via allocation leak in HTTP/2 backlog tracking when a stream is reset
Uncontrolled Resource Consumption vulnerability in Apache Tomcat via an allocation leak in the HTTP/2 backlog tracking when a stream is reset This issue affects Apache Tomcat: from 11.0.0-M1 through 11.0.24, from 10.1.0-M1 through 10.1.57, from 9.0.39 through…
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High 8.7
Mesop: DoS in /hot-reload endpoint allows unauthenticated attacker to exhaust worker threads and crash the server
Mesop is a Python-based UI framework that allows users to build web applications. Prior to 1.3.3, applications running in debug mode expose a GET /hot-reload endpoint whose unbounded loop depends on the user-supplied counter parameter, allowing an unauthentic…
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Medium 6.9
MCP PHP SDK: Unbounded SSE buffer in HttpTransport enables client-side denial of service
The MCP PHP SDK (Composer package mcp/sdk) is the official Model Context Protocol SDK for PHP. In versions 0.5.0 through 0.7.0, the HTTP client transport reads a Server-Sent Events response stream incrementally and appends each chunk to an in-memory buffer wi…
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Medium 6.5
ORAS CLI: Cyclic Referrer Graph Can Cause Unbounded Recursion and Resource Consumption
ORAS (OCI Registry As Storage) is a CLI and library for managing artifacts in OCI registries. In ORAS CLI versions up to and including 1.3.2, the recursive referrer traversal does not track visited descriptors, so a malicious OCI registry that returns a cycli…
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High 7.5
icalendar: Algorithmic Complexity in Equality
icalendar is an RFC 5545 compatible parser and generator of iCalendar files for Python. From 7.1.0 until 7.1.3, the Component equality method in src/icalendar/cal/component.py compares nested subcomponents with two membership loops, and each membership test i…
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High 7.5
CAI Content Credentials | Uncontrolled Resource Consumption (CWE-400)
CAI Content Credentials is affected by an Uncontrolled Resource Consumption vulnerability that could lead to application denial-of-service. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability to exhaust system resources, resulting in an application denial-of-service…
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Low 2.1
zipfile: bzip2/LZMA/Zstandard members decompress without a max_length bound, defeating chunked-read memory limits
When decompressing crafted zip files using the bzip/LZMA/Zstandard compressions, Python could use an attacker-controlled size to pre-allocate memory, possibly resulting in memory exhaustion.
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Medium 6.5
PraisonAI: Unauthenticated unbounded session accumulation in the PraisonAI MCP HTTP server (memory exhaustion; session TTL never enforced)
PraisonAI is a multi-agent teams system. Prior to praisonai 4.6.58, the MCP HTTP Stream mcp_post handler creates a new _sessions entry for every initialize request but does not call _cleanup_sessions or enforce a maximum. An unauthenticated caller can exhaust…
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High 7.5
Ech0 before 5.0.1 Denial of Service via Accept-Language
Ech0 before 5.0.1 does not impose any size or shape limit on the Accept-Language header processed by its i18n middleware, which runs on every HTTP request. The header is passed unfiltered to go-i18n's NewLocalizer, which internally calls golang.org/x/text/lan…
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Medium 5.3
vLLM before 0.27.0 Denial of Service via DeepStream Backend
vLLM before 0.27.0 fails to properly classify DeepStream as a GPU backend and omits pixel-limit enforcement in its decode path. Unauthenticated attackers can activate DeepStream at request time to initialize the process-wide GPU decode pool and submit video t…
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High 8.7
Uncontrolled memory usage in Innodata Labs’ Poppler JPX decoder
Denial-of-service (DoS) vulnerability in the internal JPEG2000 (JPX) decoding implementation of the Poppler fork developed by Innodata Labs. When an application processes an untrusted PDF file containing specially crafted JPXDecode images, a remote attacker c…
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Medium 6.2
OpenEXR: OpenEXRUtil SampleCountChannel endEdit() can loop forever on UINT_MAX sample counts
OpenEXR is the reference implementation and specification for the EXR image format, widely used in the motion picture industry. Versions prior to 3.2.10, 3.3.12, and 3.4.13 contain an infinite-loop vulnerability in SampleCountChannel. The helper roundListSize…