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Weakness (CWE)

CWE-470: Use of Externally-Controlled Input to Select Classes or Code

Base Draft

The product uses external input with reflection to select which classes or code to use, but it does not sufficiently prevent the input from selecting improper classes or code.

More detail

An attacker could supply values to select unexpected classes or methods. If this occurs, then the attacker could create control flow paths that were not intended by the developer. These paths could bypass authentication or access control checks, or otherwise cause the product to behave in an unexpected manner. This situation becomes a doomsday scenario if the attacker can upload files into a location that appears on the product's classpath (CWE-427) or add new entries to the product's classpath (CWE-426). Under either of these conditions, the attacker can use reflection to introduce new, malicious behavior into the product.

How to prevent it (3 mitigations)

  1. Architecture and Design

    Refactor your code to avoid using reflection.

  2. Architecture and Design

    Do not use user-controlled inputs to select and load classes or code.

  3. Implementation

    Apply strict input validation by using allowlists or indirect selection to ensure that the user is only selecting allowable classes or code.

Source: MITRE CWE-470

All Critical High Medium Low Exploited only Public exploit

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  • Critical 9.8
    CVE-2026-90436 Public exploit

    Apache Axis 1.x (EOL): unauthenticated remote class instantiation via SOAP fault exceptionName

    ** UNSUPPORTED WHEN ASSIGNED ** Deserialization of an inbound SOAP fault in Apache Axis 1.x allows unauthenticated remote class instantiation. When a SOAP <Fault> carries a <detail><exceptionName> element, Axis loads the named class and, if a String <data> el…

    Apache Software Foundation Apache Axis 1.x (EOL) axis axis Debian Ubuntu
  • Critical 9.8
    CVE-2026-116692 Public exploit

    MLflow: Remote code execution on unauthenticated MLflow servers via third-party scorer deserialization importing caller-placed artifact modules

    MLflow is an open source AI engineering platform for agents, large language models, and machine learning models. From 3.12.0rc0 until 3.17.0, third-party scorer deserialization in mlflow/genai/scorers/base.py accepts request-selected descendants of THIRD_PART…

    MLflow MLflow mlflow PyPI
  • Critical 9.4
    CVE-2026-82078 Exploited Public exploit EPSS 63%

    PaperCut MF/NG: Unsafe Dynamic Class Loading in Database Connector

    An unsafe dynamic class loading vulnerability exists in the database connection utilities of PaperCut MF and PaperCut NG. The application instantiates database driver classes based on configurable driver names without validating against an allowlist of approv…

    PaperCut PaperCut MF/NG
    KEV Aug 31, 2026
  • Critical 9.8
    CVE-2025-53693 Public exploit EPSS 20%

    HTML Cache Poisoning through Unsafe Reflections

    Use of Externally-Controlled Input to Select Classes or Code ('Unsafe Reflection') vulnerability in Sitecore Sitecore Experience Manager (XM), Sitecore Experience Platform (XP) allows Cache Poisoning.This issue affects Sitecore Experience Manager (XM): from 9…

    Sitecore Experience Platform (XP) Sitecore Experience Manager (XM)
  • Critical 9.8
    CVE-2021-21985 Exploited · Ransomware Public exploit EPSS 100%

    The vSphere Client (HTML5) contains a remote code execution vulnerability due to lack of input validation in the Virtua…

    Virtualization
    KEV Nov 3, 2021