Weakness (CWE)
CWE-601: URL Redirection to Untrusted Site
The web application accepts a user-controlled input that specifies a link to an external site, and uses that link in a redirect.
How to prevent it (6 mitigations)
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Implementation
Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
Use a list of approved URLs or domains to be used for redirection.
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Architecture and Design
Use an intermediate disclaimer page that provides the user with a clear warning that they are leaving the current site. Implement a long timeout before the redirect occurs, or force the user to click on the link. Be careful to avoid XSS problems (CWE-79) when generating the disclaimer page.
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Architecture and Design
When the set of acceptable objects, such as filenames or URLs, is limited or known, create a mapping from a set of fixed input values (such as numeric IDs) to the actual filenames or URLs, and reject all other inputs.
For example, ID 1 could map to "/login.asp" and ID 2 could map to "http://www.example.com/". Features such as the ESAPI AccessReferenceMap [REF-45] provide this capability.
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Architecture and Design
Ensure that no externally-supplied requests are honored by requiring that all redirect requests include a unique nonce generated by the application [REF-483]. Be sure that the nonce is not predictable (CWE-330).
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Architecture and Design, Implementation
Understand all the potential areas where untrusted inputs can enter your software: parameters or arguments, cookies, anything read from the network, environment variables, reverse DNS lookups, query results, request headers, URL components, e-mail, files, filenames, databases, and any external systems that provide data to the application. Remember that such inputs may be obtained indirectly through API calls.
Many open redirect problems occur because the programmer assumed that certain inputs could not be modified, such as cookies and hidden form fields.
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Operation
Use an application firewall that can detect attacks against this weakness. It can be beneficial in cases in which the code cannot be fixed (because it is controlled by a third party), as an emergency prevention measure while more comprehensive software assurance measures are applied, or to provide defense in depth [REF-1481].
Source: MITRE CWE-601
42 results · Clear filters · Feed
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High 8.1CVE-2026-51954 Public exploit
An issue in Webasyst Framework 4.0.3 and before allows a remote attacker to execute arbitrary code via a crafted OAuth …
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Medium 5.4CVE-2026-80444 Public exploit
Unauthenticated Open Redirect Vulnerability in Abis Technology's AVESİS
URL redirection to untrusted site ('open redirect') vulnerability in Abis Technology Ltd. Co. AVESİS allows Input Data Manipulation. This issue affects AVESİS: from 202608201331 before 202608240351.
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Medium 6.1CVE-2026-47883 Public exploit
Spring Framework Open Redirect in UrlHandlerFilter
UrlHandlerFilter can be vulnerable to an open redirect when configured with very broadly matching patterns. The issue applies to the filter variants in both Spring MVC and Spring WebFlux. Spring Framework 7.0.0 - 7.0.8 Spring Framework 6.2.0 - 6.2.19
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Medium 4.9CVE-2026-51564 Public exploit
An issue in the redirect parameter in Milk admin <=0.9.8 allows remote attackers to redirect users to arbitrary externa…
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Medium 6.5CVE-2026-61082 Public exploit
Vulnerability in the MySQL Connectors product of Oracle MySQL (component: Connector/J). Supported versions that are aff…
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Medium 6.1CVE-2026-25854 Public exploit
Apache Tomcat: Occasionally open redirect
Occasional URL redirection to untrusted Site ('Open Redirect') vulnerability in Apache Tomcat via the LoadBalancerDrainingValve. This issue affects Apache Tomcat: from 11.0.0-M1 through 11.0.18, from 10.1.0-M1 through 10.1.52, from 9.0.0.M23 through 9.0.115, …
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Medium 4.7CVE-2026-1277 Public exploit
URL Shortify <= 1.12.1 - Unauthenticated Open Redirect via 'redirect_to' Parameter
The URL Shortify plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Open Redirect in all versions up to, and including, 1.12.1 due to insufficient validation on the 'redirect_to' parameter in the promotional dismissal handler. This makes it possible for unauthenticated at…
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Medium 6.1CVE-2026-1296 Public exploit
Frontend Post Submission Manager Lite <= 1.2.7 - Unauthenticated Open Redirect via 'requested_page' Parameter
The Frontend Post Submission Manager Lite plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Open Redirection in all versions up to, and including, 1.2.7 due to insufficient validation on the 'requested_page' POST parameter in the verify_username_password function. This m…
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Medium 4.3CVE-2025-65717 Public exploit
An issue in Visual Studio Code Extensions Live Server v5.7.9 allows attackers to exfiltrate files via user interaction …
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High 7.5CVE-2026-25732 Public exploit
NiceGUI's Path Traversal via Unsanitized FileUpload.name Enables Arbitrary File Write
NiceGUI is a Python-based UI framework. Prior to 3.7.0, NiceGUI's FileUpload.name property exposes client-supplied filename metadata without sanitization, enabling path traversal when developers use the pattern UPLOAD_DIR / file.name. Malicious filenames cont…
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High 7.5CVE-2025-68616 Public exploit
WeasyPrint Vulnerable to Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF) Protection Bypass via HTTP Redirect
WeasyPrint helps web developers to create PDF documents. Prior to version 68.0, a server-side request forgery (SSRF) protection bypass exists in WeasyPrint's `default_url_fetcher`. The vulnerability allows attackers to access internal network resources (such …
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Medium 5.5CVE-2025-54793 Public exploit
Astro: Duplicate trailing slash feature can lead to Open Redirects
Astro is a web framework for content-driven websites. In versions 5.2.0 through 5.12.7, there is an Open Redirect vulnerability in the trailing slash redirection logic when handling paths with double slashes. This allows an attacker to redirect users to arbit…
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Medium 6.3CVE-2024-34328 Public exploit
An open redirect in Sielox AnyWare v2.1.2 allows attackers to execute a man-in-the-middle attack via a crafted URL.
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High 7.6
Grafana Cross-Site-Scripting (XSS) via custom loaded frontend plugin
A cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability exists in Grafana caused by combining a client path traversal and open redirect. This allows attackers to redirect users to a website that hosts a frontend plugin that will execute arbitrary JavaScript. This vulnerab…
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High 7.1CVE-2025-25198 Public exploit
mailcow: dockerized vulnerable to password reset poisoning
mailcow: dockerized is an open source groupware/email suite based on docker. Prior to version 2025-01a, a vulnerability in mailcow's password reset functionality allows an attacker to manipulate the `Host HTTP` header to generate a password reset link pointin…
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Medium 6.5CVE-2024-57241 Public exploit
Dedecms 5.71sp1 and earlier is vulnerable to URL redirect. In the web application, a logic error does not judge the inp…
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Critical 9.8CVE-2024-51132 Public exploit
HAPI FHIR XML External Entity (XXE) vulnerability
An XML External Entity (XXE) vulnerability in HAPI FHIR before v6.4.0 allows attackers to access sensitive information or execute arbitrary code via supplying a crafted request containing malicious XML entities.
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Medium 6.8CVE-2024-35133 Public exploit
IBM Security Verify Access HTTP open redirect
IBM Security Verify Access 10.0.0 through 10.0.8 OIDC Provider could allow a remote authenticated attacker to conduct phishing attacks, using an open redirect attack. By persuading a victim to visit a specially crafted Web site, a remote attacker could exploi…
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High 8.1CVE-2024-22262 Public exploit
CVE-2024-22262: Spring Framework URL Parsing with Host Validation
Applications that use UriComponentsBuilder to parse an externally provided URL (e.g. through a query parameter) AND perform validation checks on the host of the parsed URL may be vulnerable to a open redirect https://cwe.mitre.org/data/definitions/601.html a…
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Critical 9.8CVE-2024-22891 Public exploit
Nteract Remote Code Execution vulnerability
Nteract v.0.28.0 was discovered to contain a remote code execution (RCE) vulnerability via the Markdown link.
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High 8.1CVE-2024-22243 Public exploit
CVE-2024-22243: Spring Framework URL Parsing with Host Validation
Applications that use UriComponentsBuilder to parse an externally provided URL (e.g. through a query parameter) AND perform validation checks on the host of the parsed URL may be vulnerable to a open redirect https://cwe.mitre.org/data/definitions/601.html a…
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Medium 6.1CVE-2024-24034 Public exploit
Setor Informatica S.I.L version 3.0 is vulnerable to Open Redirect via the hprinter parameter, allows remote attackers …
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Medium 6.1CVE-2023-49438 Public exploit
Open redirect vulnerability in Flask-Security-Too
An open redirect vulnerability in the python package Flask-Security-Too <=5.3.2 allows attackers to redirect unsuspecting users to malicious sites via a crafted URL by abusing the ?next parameter on the /login and /register routes.
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Medium 6.1CVE-2023-41080 Public exploit
Apache Tomcat: Open redirect with FORM authentication
URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect') vulnerability in FORM authentication feature Apache Tomcat.This issue affects Apache Tomcat: from 11.0.0-M1 through 11.0.0-M10, from 10.1.0-M1 through 10.0.12, from 9.0.0-M1 through 9.0.79 and from 8.5.0 thr…
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Medium 6.1
Blogengine.net 3.3.8.0 and earlier is vulnerable to Open Redirect.
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Medium 6.1CVE-2023-22432 Public exploit
Open redirect in web2py
Open redirect vulnerability exists in web2py versions prior to 2.23.1. When using the tool, a web2py user may be redirected to an arbitrary website by accessing a specially crafted URL. As a result, the user may become a victim of a phishing attack.
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Medium 6.4CVE-2023-0748 Public exploit
Open Redirect in btcpayserver/btcpayserver
Open Redirect in GitHub repository btcpayserver/btcpayserver prior to 1.7.6.
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Medium 6.1CVE-2023-24044 Public exploit
A Host Header Injection issue on the Login page of Plesk Obsidian through 18.0.49 allows attackers to redirect users to…
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Medium 6.6CVE-2022-29170 Public exploit
Grafana Enterprise datasource network restrictions bypass via HTTP redirects
Grafana is an open-source platform for monitoring and observability. In Grafana Enterprise, the Request security feature allows list allows to configure Grafana in a way so that the instance doesn’t call or only calls specific hosts. The vulnerability present…
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Unscored —CVE-2022-0165 Public exploit
Page Builder KingComposer <= 2.9.6 - Open Redirect
The Page Builder KingComposer WordPress plugin through 2.9.6 does not validate the id parameter before redirecting the user to it via the kc_get_thumbn AJAX action available to both unauthenticated and authenticated users
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Unscored —
A Host Header Redirection vulnerability in SonicOS potentially allows a remote attacker to redirect firewall management…
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Unscored —CVE-2019-14830 Public exploit
A vulnerability was found in Moodle 3.7 to 3.7.1, 3.6 to 3.6.5, 3.5 to 3.5.7 and earlier unsupported versions, where th…
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Medium 5.7CVE-2021-21337 Public exploit
URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect') in Products.PluggableAuthService
Products.PluggableAuthService is a pluggable Zope authentication and authorization framework. In Products.PluggableAuthService before version 2.6.0 there is an open redirect vulnerability. A maliciously crafted link to the login form and login functionality c…
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Medium 5.3
Keycloak vulnerable to Server-Side Request Forgery
A flaw was found in Keycloak before 13.0.0, where it is possible to force the server to call out an unverified URL using the OIDC parameter request_uri. This flaw allows an attacker to use this parameter to execute a Server-side request forgery (SSRF) attack.
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Medium 6.4CVE-2020-8559 Public exploit
Privilege escalation from compromised node to cluster
The Kubernetes kube-apiserver in versions v1.6-v1.15, and versions prior to v1.16.13, v1.17.9 and v1.18.6 are vulnerable to an unvalidated redirect on proxied upgrade requests that could allow an attacker to escalate privileges from a node compromise to a ful…
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Unscored —
In Apache HTTP server 2.4.0 to 2.4.39, Redirects configured with mod_rewrite that were intended to be self-referential …
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Medium 4.7CVE-2019-1943 Public exploit
Cisco Small Business Series Switches Open Redirect Vulnerability
A vulnerability in the web interface of Cisco Small Business 200, 300, and 500 Series Switches software could allow an unauthenticated, remote attacker to redirect a user to a malicious web page. The vulnerability is due to improper input validation of the pa…
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Medium 4.2CVE-2019-11269 Public exploit
Open Redirector in spring-security-oauth2
Spring Security OAuth versions 2.3 prior to 2.3.6, 2.2 prior to 2.2.5, 2.1 prior to 2.1.5, and 2.0 prior to 2.0.18, as well as older unsupported versions could be susceptible to an open redirector attack that can leak an authorization code. A malicious user o…
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Medium 6.5
Open Redirect in spring-security-oauth2
Spring Security OAuth, versions 2.3 prior to 2.3.5, and 2.2 prior to 2.2.4, and 2.1 prior to 2.1.4, and 2.0 prior to 2.0.17, and older unsupported versions could be susceptible to an open redirector attack that can leak an authorization code. A malicious user…
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Medium 4.3
Apache Tomcat Open Redirect vulnerability
When the default servlet in Apache Tomcat versions 9.0.0.M1 to 9.0.11, 8.5.0 to 8.5.33 and 7.0.23 to 7.0.90 returned a redirect to a directory (e.g. redirecting to '/foo/' when the user requested '/foo') a specially crafted URL could be used to cause the redi…