Weakness (CWE)
CWE-601: URL Redirection to Untrusted Site
The web application accepts a user-controlled input that specifies a link to an external site, and uses that link in a redirect.
How to prevent it (6 mitigations)
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Implementation
Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
Use a list of approved URLs or domains to be used for redirection.
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Architecture and Design
Use an intermediate disclaimer page that provides the user with a clear warning that they are leaving the current site. Implement a long timeout before the redirect occurs, or force the user to click on the link. Be careful to avoid XSS problems (CWE-79) when generating the disclaimer page.
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Architecture and Design
When the set of acceptable objects, such as filenames or URLs, is limited or known, create a mapping from a set of fixed input values (such as numeric IDs) to the actual filenames or URLs, and reject all other inputs.
For example, ID 1 could map to "/login.asp" and ID 2 could map to "http://www.example.com/". Features such as the ESAPI AccessReferenceMap [REF-45] provide this capability.
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Architecture and Design
Ensure that no externally-supplied requests are honored by requiring that all redirect requests include a unique nonce generated by the application [REF-483]. Be sure that the nonce is not predictable (CWE-330).
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Architecture and Design, Implementation
Understand all the potential areas where untrusted inputs can enter your software: parameters or arguments, cookies, anything read from the network, environment variables, reverse DNS lookups, query results, request headers, URL components, e-mail, files, filenames, databases, and any external systems that provide data to the application. Remember that such inputs may be obtained indirectly through API calls.
Many open redirect problems occur because the programmer assumed that certain inputs could not be modified, such as cookies and hidden form fields.
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Operation
Use an application firewall that can detect attacks against this weakness. It can be beneficial in cases in which the code cannot be fixed (because it is controlled by a third party), as an emergency prevention measure while more comprehensive software assurance measures are applied, or to provide defense in depth [REF-1481].
Source: MITRE CWE-601
1,070 results · Clear filters · Feed
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Medium 6.1
Open Redirect vulnerability in SAP Business Connector
Due to an Open Redirect vulnerability in SAP Business Connector, an unauthenticated attacker could craft a malicious URL that, if accessed by a victim, redirects them to an attacker-controlled site displayed within an embedded frame. Successful exploitation c…
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Medium 6.5
An Open Redirect vulnerability exists in the OAuth callback handler in file onlook/apps/web/client/src/app/auth/callbac…
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Medium 6.1
Rhsso: open redirect
A flaw was found in Red Hat Single Sign-On. This issue is an Open Redirect vulnerability that occurs during the logout process. The redirect_uri parameter associated with the openid-connect logout protocol does not properly validate the provided URL.
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Medium 5.1
Movary unvalidated Referer header allows open redirect and phishing
Movary is a web application to track, rate and explore your movie watch history. Versions up to and including 0.68.0 use the HTTP Referer header value directly for redirects in multiple settings endpoints, allowing a crafted link to cause an open redirect to …
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Medium 5.1
Liferay Portal is vulnerable to DNS rebinding attacks
By default, Liferay Portal 7.4.0 through 7.4.3.119, and older unsupported versions, and Liferay DXP 2024.Q1.1 through 2024.Q1.5, 2023.Q4.0 through 2023.Q4.10, 2023.Q3.1 through 2023.Q3.10, 7.4 GA through update 92, and older unsupported versions is vulnerable…
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Medium 5.1
Movary vulnerable to an open redirect
Movary is a web application to track, rate and explore your movie watch history. Prior to 0.69.0, the login page accepts a redirect parameter without validation, allowing attackers to redirect authenticated users to arbitrary external sites. This vulnerabilit…
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Medium 6.1
Byaidu PDFMathTranslate vulnerable to open redirect
An open redirect vulnerability exists in Byaidu PDFMathTranslate v1.9.9 that allows attackers to craft URLs that cause the application to redirect users to arbitrary external websites via the file parameter to the /gradio_api endpoint. This vulnerability coul…
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Medium 5.8
PrivateBin persistent HTML injection in attachment filename enables redirect and defacement
PrivateBin is an online pastebin where the server has zero knowledge of pasted data. Versions 1.7.7 through 2.0.1 allow persistent HTML injection via the unsanitized attachment filename (attachment_name) when attachments are enabled. An attacker can modify at…
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Medium 6.9
Liferay Portal Vulnerable to Open Redirect via the _com_liferay_layout_admin_web_portlet_GroupPagesPortlet_redirect parameter
Open redirect vulnerability in page administration in Liferay Portal 7.4.0 through 7.4.3.97, and older unsupported versions, and Liferay DXP 2023.Q4.0, 2023.Q3.1 through 2023.Q3.4, 7.4 GA through update 92, 7.3 GA through update 35, and older unsupported vers…
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Medium 4.7
WordPress WP Gravity Forms Zoho CRM and Bigin plugin <= 1.2.8 - Open Redirection vulnerability
URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect') vulnerability in CRM Perks WP Gravity Forms Zoho CRM and Bigin gf-zoho allows Phishing.This issue affects WP Gravity Forms Zoho CRM and Bigin: from n/a through <= 1.2.8.
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Medium 5.1
Open redirection vulnerability in MOLGENIS EMX2
Open redirection vulnerability in MOLGENIS EMX2 v11.14.0. This vulnerability allows an attacker to create a malicious URL using a manipulated redirection parameter, potentially leading users to phishing sites or other malicious destinations via “/%2f%2f<MALIC…
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Medium 4.7
WordPress WP Gravity Forms HubSpot Plugin <= 1.2.5 - Open Redirection Vulnerability
URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect') vulnerability in CRM Perks WP Gravity Forms HubSpot gf-hubspot allows Phishing.This issue affects WP Gravity Forms HubSpot: from n/a through <= 1.2.5.
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Medium 6.1
Vulnerability in the Oracle Scripting product of Oracle E-Business Suite (component: Miscellaneous). Supported versions…
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Medium 4.3
Koa Vulnerable to Open Redirect via Trailing Double-Slash (//) in back Redirect Logic
Koa is expressive middleware for Node.js using ES2017 async functions. In versions 2.16.2 to before 2.16.3 and 3.0.1 to before 3.0.3, a bypass to CVE-2025-8129 was discovered in the Koa.js framework affecting its back redirect functionality. In certain circum…
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Medium 6.1
Frappe has an Open Redirect on Login Page
Frappe is a full-stack web application framework. Prior to 14.98.0 and 15.83.0, an open redirect was possible through the redirect argument on the login page, if a specific type of URL was passed in. This vulnerability is fixed in 14.98.0 and 15.83.0.
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Medium 4.3
Adobe Connect | URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect') (CWE-601)
Adobe Connect versions 12.9 and earlier are affected by a URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect') vulnerability. An attacker could leverage this vulnerability to redirect users to malicious websites. Exploitation of this issue requires user intera…
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Medium 4.8
WeGIA Open Redirect Vulnerability in `control.php` endpoint `nextPage` parameter (metodo=listarTodos nomeClasse=AlmoxarifeControle)
WeGIA is an open source Web Manager for Institutions with a focus on Portuguese language users. Prior to 3.5.0, an Open Redirect vulnerability was identified in the control.php endpoint of the WeGIA application, specifically in the nextPage parameter (metodo=…
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Medium 4.7
CM Registration – Tailored tool for seamless login and invitation-based registrations <= 2.5.6 - Open Redirect
The CM Registration – Tailored tool for seamless login and invitation-based registrations plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Open Redirect in all versions up to, and including, 2.5.6. This is due to insufficient validation on the redirect url supplied via …
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Medium 4.3
Newforma Info Exchange (NIX) open URL redirect via /DownloadWeb/hyperlinkredirect.aspx
Newforma Info Exchange (NIX) '/DownloadWeb/hyperlinkredirect.aspx' provides an unauthenticated URL redirect via the 'nhl' parameter.
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Medium 5.5
Open Redirect in Logo Software's Logo Cloud
URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect') vulnerability in Logo Software Inc. Logo Cloud allows Phishing, Forceful Browsing. This issue affects Logo Cloud: before 2025.R6.
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Medium 4.8
WeGIA: Open Redirect Vulnerability in `control.php` endpoint
WeGIA is an open source web manager with a focus on charitable institutions. Versions 3.4.12 and below contain an Open Redirect vulnerability, identified in the control.php endpoint, specifically in the nextPage parameter (metodo=listarUmnomeClasse=Funcionari…
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Medium 5.5
Open Redirect in Secure Access prior to 14.10
CVE-2025-54088 is an open-redirect vulnerability in Secure Access prior to version 14.10. Attackers with access to the console can redirect victims to an arbitrary URL. The attack complexity is low, attack requirements are present, no privileges are required,…
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Medium 5.3
Open redirect vulnerability in KNIME Business Hub
An open redirect vulnerability existed in KNIME Business Hub prior to version 1.16.0. An unauthenticated remote attacker could craft a link to a legitimate KNIME Business Hub installation which, when opened by the user, redirects the user to a page of the att…
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Medium 6.1
BUG-000174150 - Unvalidated redirect in Portal for ArcGIS.
There is an unvalidated redirect vulnerability in Esri Portal for ArcGIS 11.4 and below that may allow a remote, unauthenticated attacker to craft a URL that could redirect a victim to an arbitrary website, simplifying phishing attacks.
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Medium 6.1
BUG-000174149 - The Portal for ArcGIS has an unvalidated redirect.
There is an unvalidated redirect vulnerability in Esri Portal for ArcGIS 11.4 and below that may allow a remote, unauthenticated attacker to craft a URL that could redirect a victim to an arbitrary website, simplifying phishing attacks.
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Medium 6.1
BUG-000171009 - URL manipulation vulnerability in Portal for ArcGIS.
There is an unvalidated redirect vulnerability in Esri Portal for ArcGIS 11.4 and below that may allow a remote, unauthenticated attacker to craft a URL that could redirect a victim to an arbitrary website, simplifying phishing attacks.
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Medium 4.3
lobe-chat has an Open Redirect
Lobe Chat is an open-source artificial intelligence chat framework. Prior to version 1.130.1, the project's OIDC redirect handling logic constructs the host and protocol of the final redirect URL based on the X-Forwarded-Host or Host headers and the X-Forward…
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Medium 4.7
WordPress WP Gravity Forms Keap/Infusionsoft plugin <= 1.2.6 - Open Redirection vulnerability
URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect') vulnerability in CRM Perks WP Gravity Forms Keap/Infusionsoft gf-infusionsoft allows Phishing.This issue affects WP Gravity Forms Keap/Infusionsoft: from n/a through <= 1.2.6.
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Medium 4.7
Open Redirect in PUSULA's Manageable Email Sending System
URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect') vulnerability in Pusula Communication Information Internet Industry and Trade Ltd. Co. Manageable Email Sending System allows Exploiting Trust in Client. This issue affects Manageable Email Sending System: f…
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Medium 5.1
Liferay Portal's System, Instance and Site Settings are vulnerable to Open Redirect
Open redirect vulnerability in the System Settings in Liferay Portal 7.1.0 through 7.4.3.101, and Liferay DXP 2023.Q3.1 through 2023.Q3.4 , 7.4 GA through update 92, 7.3 GA through update 35, and older unsupported versions allows remote attackers to redirect …
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Medium 4.3
Freshwork logout redirect
A vulnerability has been found in Freshwork up to 1.2.3. This impacts an unknown function of the file /api/v2/logout. Such manipulation of the argument post_logout_redirect_uri leads to open redirect. The attack can be executed remotely. The exploit has been …
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Medium 4.7
WordPress GoodBarber plugin <= 1.0.26 - Open Redirection Vulnerability
URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect') vulnerability in GoodBarber GoodBarber goodbarber.This issue affects GoodBarber: from n/a through <= 1.0.26.
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Medium 5.3
Open Redirect in TYPO3 CMS
An open‑redirect vulnerability in GeneralUtility::sanitizeLocalUrl of TYPO3 CMS 9.0.0–9.5.54, 10.0.0–10.4.53, 11.0.0–11.5.47, 12.0.0–12.4.36, and 13.0.0–13.4.17 allows an attacker to redirect users to arbitrary external sites, enabling phishing attacks by sup…
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Medium 6.4
Element Plus Link component (el-link) implements insufficient input validation for the href attribute
Element Plus Link component (el-link) through 2.10.6 implements insufficient input validation for the href attribute, creating a security abstraction gap that obscures URL-based attack vectors. The component passes user-controlled href values directly to unde…
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Medium 4.3
A vulnerability in Cisco Webex Meetings could have allowed an unauthenticated, remote attacker to redirect a targeted W…
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Medium 6.3
Open Redirect in Akinsoft's QR Menu
URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect') vulnerability in Akınsoft QR Menü allows Forceful Browsing, Phishing. This issue affects QR Menü: from s1.05.05 before v1.05.12.
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Medium 4.2
Basecamp's Google Sign-In for Rails allowed redirects to protocol-relative URI
Basecamp's Google Sign-In adds Google sign-in to Rails applications. Prior to version 1.3.1, it is possible to redirect a user to another origin if the "proceed_to" value in the session store is set to a protocol-relative URL. Normally the value of this URL i…
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Medium 4.7
WordPress Podlove Podcast Publisher Plugin <= 4.2.5 - Open Redirection Vulnerability
URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect') vulnerability in Eric Teubert Podlove Podcast Publisher podlove-podcasting-plugin-for-wordpress allows Phishing.This issue affects Podlove Podcast Publisher: from n/a through <= 4.2.5.
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Medium 4.2
Basecamp's Google Sign-In for Rails allowed redirects to a malformed URL
Basecamp's Google Sign-In adds Google sign-in to Rails applications. Prior to version 1.3.0, it is possible to craft a malformed URL that passes the "same origin" check, resulting in the user being redirected to another origin. Rails applications configured t…
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Medium 6.5
SelectZero SelectZero Data Observability Platform before 2025.5.2 contains an Open Redirect vulnerability. Legacy UI fi…