Weakness (CWE)
CWE-601: URL Redirection to Untrusted Site
The web application accepts a user-controlled input that specifies a link to an external site, and uses that link in a redirect.
How to prevent it (6 mitigations)
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Implementation
Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
Use a list of approved URLs or domains to be used for redirection.
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Architecture and Design
Use an intermediate disclaimer page that provides the user with a clear warning that they are leaving the current site. Implement a long timeout before the redirect occurs, or force the user to click on the link. Be careful to avoid XSS problems (CWE-79) when generating the disclaimer page.
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Architecture and Design
When the set of acceptable objects, such as filenames or URLs, is limited or known, create a mapping from a set of fixed input values (such as numeric IDs) to the actual filenames or URLs, and reject all other inputs.
For example, ID 1 could map to "/login.asp" and ID 2 could map to "http://www.example.com/". Features such as the ESAPI AccessReferenceMap [REF-45] provide this capability.
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Architecture and Design
Ensure that no externally-supplied requests are honored by requiring that all redirect requests include a unique nonce generated by the application [REF-483]. Be sure that the nonce is not predictable (CWE-330).
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Architecture and Design, Implementation
Understand all the potential areas where untrusted inputs can enter your software: parameters or arguments, cookies, anything read from the network, environment variables, reverse DNS lookups, query results, request headers, URL components, e-mail, files, filenames, databases, and any external systems that provide data to the application. Remember that such inputs may be obtained indirectly through API calls.
Many open redirect problems occur because the programmer assumed that certain inputs could not be modified, such as cookies and hidden form fields.
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Operation
Use an application firewall that can detect attacks against this weakness. It can be beneficial in cases in which the code cannot be fixed (because it is controlled by a third party), as an emergency prevention measure while more comprehensive software assurance measures are applied, or to provide defense in depth [REF-1481].
Source: MITRE CWE-601
1,070 results · Clear filters · Feed
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Medium 5.1
Liferay Portal allows open redirect in /c/portal/edit_info_item parameter redirect
Open Redirect vulnerability in /c/portal/edit_info_item parameter redirect in Liferay Portal 7.4.3.86 through 7.4.3.131, and Liferay DXP 2024.Q3.1 through 2024.Q3.9, 2024.Q2.0 through 2024.Q2.13, 2024.Q1.1 through 2024.Q1.12 and 7.4 update 86 through update 9…
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Medium 6.3
An open redirect vulnerability in Reolink v4.54.0.4.20250526 allows attackers to redirect users to a malicious site via…
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Medium 5.3
An intent redirection vulnerability in Reolink v4.54.0.4.20250526 allows unauthorized attackers to access internal func…
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Medium 5.1
OnboardLite Open Redirect Endpoint
OnboardLite is the result of the Influx Initiative, our vision for an improved student organization lifecycle at the University of Central Florida. An attacker can craft a link to the trusted application that, when visited, redirects the user to a malicious e…
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Medium 6.5
Mirror-registry: host header injection in mirror-registry
The mirror-registry doesn't properly sanitize the host header HTTP header in HTTP request received, allowing an attacker to perform malicious redirects to attacker-controlled domains or phishing campaigns.
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Medium 4.3
URL redirection to untrusted site ('Open Redirect') issue exists in Movable Type. If this vulnerability is exploited, a…
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Medium 6.1
Focus incorrectly ignores Content-Disposition headers for some MIME types
Focus for iOS would not respect a Content-Disposition header of type Attachment and would incorrectly display the content inline, potentially allowing for XSS attacks. This vulnerability was fixed in Focus for iOS 142.
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Medium 5.4
Internal Firefox open-text URL scheme allowed loading of arbitrary URLs
The URL scheme used by Firefox to facilitate searching of text queries could incorrectly allow attackers to open arbitrary website URLs or internal pages if a user was tricked into clicking a link. This vulnerability was fixed in Firefox for iOS 141.
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Medium 4.8
Bunker Web 1.6.2 - Uncontrolled external site redirect
URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect') vulnerability in Bunkerity Bunker Web on Linux allows Phishing.This issue affects Bunker Web: 1.6.2.
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Medium 5.5
@astrojs/node's trailing slash handling causes open redirect issue
Astro is a web framework for content-driven websites. Following CVE-2025-54793 there's still an Open Redirect vulnerability in a subset of Astro deployment scenarios prior to version 9.4.1. Astro 5.12.8 addressed CVE-2025-54793 where https://example.com//astr…
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Medium 4.7
WordPress Connector for Gravity Forms and Google Sheets Plugin plugin <= 1.2.4 - Open Redirection Vulnerability
URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect') vulnerability in CRM Perks Connector for Gravity Forms and Google Sheets wp-gravity-forms-spreadsheets allows Phishing.This issue affects Connector for Gravity Forms and Google Sheets: from n/a through <= 1.…
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Medium 5.1
svg-sanitizer By-Passing Attribute Sanitization
savg-sanitizer is a PHP SVG/XML sanitizer. Prior to version 0.22.0, the sanitization logic in the cleanXlinkHrefs method only searches for lower-case attribute name, which allows to by-pass the isHrefSafeValue check. As a result this allows cross-site scripti…
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Medium 5.5
Astro: Duplicate trailing slash feature can lead to Open Redirects
Astro is a web framework for content-driven websites. In versions 5.2.0 through 5.12.7, there is an Open Redirect vulnerability in the trailing slash redirection logic when handling paths with double slashes. This allows an attacker to redirect users to arbit…
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Medium 6.3CVE-2024-34328 Public exploit
An open redirect in Sielox AnyWare v2.1.2 allows attackers to execute a man-in-the-middle attack via a crafted URL.
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Medium 6.5
GLPI is vulnerable to XSS and open redirection attacks through planning feature
GLPI is a Free Asset and IT Management Software package. In versions 9.1.0 through 10.0.18, an unauthenticated user can send a malicious link to attempt a phishing attack from the planning feature. This is fixed in version 10.0.19.
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Medium 5.1
Anubis accepts crafted redirect URLs in pass-challenge 'Try Again' buttons
Anubis is a Web AI Firewall Utility that weighs the soul of users' connections using one or more challenges in order to protect upstream resources from scraper bots. In versions 1.21.2 and below, attackers can craft malicious pass-challenge pages that cause a…
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Medium 4.7
Open Redirect in HotelRunner's B2B
URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect') vulnerability in HotelRunner B2B allows Forceful Browsing. This issue affects B2B: before 04.06.2025.
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Medium 5.4
A URL redirection in lbry-desktop v0.53.9 allows attackers to redirect victim users to attacker-controlled pages.
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Medium 5.4
A URL redirection in Pinokio v3.6.23 allows attackers to redirect victim users to attacker-controlled pages.
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Medium 4.3
thinkgem JeeSite SsoController.java sso redirect
A vulnerability classified as problematic was found in thinkgem JeeSite up to 5.12.0. This vulnerability affects the function sso of the file src/main/java/com/jeesite/modules/sys/web/SsoController.java. The manipulation of the argument redirect leads to open…
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Medium 4.2
An open redirect vulnerability has been identified in Grafana OSS organization switching functionality. Prerequisites f…
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Medium 4.3
thinkgem JeeSite Site Controller SiteController.java select redirect
A vulnerability, which was classified as problematic, was found in thinkgem JeeSite up to 5.12.0. Affected is the function select of the file src/main/java/com/jeesite/modules/cms/web/SiteController.java of the component Site Controller. The manipulation of t…
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Medium 4.7
DiracX-Web login page has Open Redirect vulnerability
DiracX-Web is a web application that provides an interface to interact with the DiracX services. Prior to version 0.1.0-a8, an attacker can forge a request that they can pass to redirect an authenticated user to another arbitrary website. In the login page, D…
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Medium 4.7
WeGIA vulnerable to Open Redirect in endpoint 'control.php' parameter 'nextPage'
WeGIA is an open source web manager with a focus on the Portuguese language and charitable institutions. An Open Redirect vulnerability exists in the web application prior to version 3.4.5. The control.php endpoint allows to specify an arbitrary URL via the `…
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Medium 6.1
Open Redirect vulnerability in SAP BusinessObjects Content Administrator workbench
Due to insufficient sanitization in the SAP BusinessObjects Content Administrator Workbench, attackers could craft malicious URLs and execute scripts in a victim�s browser. This could potentially lead to the exposure or modification of web client data, result…
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Medium 6.1
Multiple vulnerabilities in SAP NetWeaver Application Server ABAP
Due to an open redirect vulnerability in SAP NetWeaver Application Server ABAP, an unauthenticated attacker could craft a URL link embedding a malicious script at a location not properly sanitized. When a victim clicks on this link, the script executes within…
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Medium 6.1
An open redirect vulnerability in gnuboard5 v.5.5.16 allows a remote attacker to obtain sensitive information via thebb…
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Medium 6.1
An open redirect vulnerability in gnuboard5 v.5.5.16 allows a remote attacker to obtain sensitive information via the b…
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Medium 6.1CVE-2024-37656 Scanner template
An open redirect vulnerability in gnuboard5 v.5.5.16 allows a remote attacker to obtain sensitive information via the i…
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Medium 4.6
n8n Login Flow has Open Redirect Vulnerability
n8n is a workflow automation platform. Versions prior to 1.98.0 have an Open Redirect vulnerability in the login flow. Authenticated users can be redirected to untrusted, attacker-controlled domains after logging in, by crafting malicious URLs with a misleadi…
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Medium 4.3
Kibana Open Redirect
URL redirection to an untrusted site ('Open Redirect') in Kibana can lead to sending a user to an arbitrary site and server-side request forgery via a specially crafted URL.
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Medium 4.3
Firefox for Android opened URLs specified in a link querystring parameter
When a URL was provided in a link querystring parameter, Firefox for Android would follow that URL instead of the correct URL, potentially leading to phishing attacks. *This bug only affects Firefox for Android. Other versions of Firefox are unaffected.*. Thi…
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Medium 4.3
java-aodeng Hope-Boot Login WebController.java doLogin redirect
A vulnerability was found in java-aodeng Hope-Boot 1.0.0. It has been classified as problematic. Affected is the function doLogin of the file /src/main/java/com/hope/controller/WebController.java of the component Login. The manipulation of the argument redire…
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Medium 6.8
IBM Process Mining HTTP open redirect
IBM Process Mining 2.0.1 IF001 and 2.0.1 could allow a remote attacker to conduct phishing attacks, using an open redirect attack. By persuading a victim to visit a specially crafted Web site, a remote attacker could exploit this vulnerability to spoof the UR…
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Medium 5.5
FastGPT LastRoute Parameter on Login Page Vulnerable to Open Redirect and DOM-based XSS
FastGPT is an AI Agent building platform. Prior to version 4.9.12, the LastRoute Parameter on login page is vulnerable to open redirect and DOM-based XSS. Improper validation and lack of sanitization of this parameter allows attackers execute malicious JavaSc…
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Medium 5.3
urllib3 does not control redirects in browsers and Node.js
urllib3 is a user-friendly HTTP client library for Python. Starting in version 2.2.0 and prior to 2.5.0, urllib3 does not control redirects in browsers and Node.js. urllib3 supports being used in a Pyodide runtime utilizing the JavaScript Fetch API or falling…
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Medium 5.3
urllib3 redirects are not disabled when retries are disabled on PoolManager instantiation
urllib3 is a user-friendly HTTP client library for Python. Prior to 2.5.0, it is possible to disable redirects for all requests by instantiating a PoolManager and specifying retries in a way that disable redirects. By default, requests and botocore users are …
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Medium 4.7
WordPress Automation By Autonami plugin <= 3.6.0 - Open Redirection Vulnerability
URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect') vulnerability in Aman FunnelKit Automations wp-marketing-automations allows Phishing.This issue affects FunnelKit Automations: from n/a through <= 3.6.0.
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Medium 4.8
Open redirection in M-Files Mobile
An open redirection vulnerability in M-Files mobile applications for Android and iOS prior to version 25.6.0 allows attackers to use maliciously crafted PDF files to trick other users into making requests to untrusted URLs.
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Medium 4.3
Astun Technology iShare Maps atCheckJS.aspx redirect
A vulnerability has been found in Astun Technology iShare Maps 5.4.0 and classified as problematic. This vulnerability affects unknown code of the file atCheckJS.aspx. The manipulation of the argument ref leads to open redirect. The attack can be initiated re…