Weakness (CWE)
CWE-601: URL Redirection to Untrusted Site
The web application accepts a user-controlled input that specifies a link to an external site, and uses that link in a redirect.
How to prevent it (6 mitigations)
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Implementation
Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
Use a list of approved URLs or domains to be used for redirection.
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Architecture and Design
Use an intermediate disclaimer page that provides the user with a clear warning that they are leaving the current site. Implement a long timeout before the redirect occurs, or force the user to click on the link. Be careful to avoid XSS problems (CWE-79) when generating the disclaimer page.
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Architecture and Design
When the set of acceptable objects, such as filenames or URLs, is limited or known, create a mapping from a set of fixed input values (such as numeric IDs) to the actual filenames or URLs, and reject all other inputs.
For example, ID 1 could map to "/login.asp" and ID 2 could map to "http://www.example.com/". Features such as the ESAPI AccessReferenceMap [REF-45] provide this capability.
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Architecture and Design
Ensure that no externally-supplied requests are honored by requiring that all redirect requests include a unique nonce generated by the application [REF-483]. Be sure that the nonce is not predictable (CWE-330).
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Architecture and Design, Implementation
Understand all the potential areas where untrusted inputs can enter your software: parameters or arguments, cookies, anything read from the network, environment variables, reverse DNS lookups, query results, request headers, URL components, e-mail, files, filenames, databases, and any external systems that provide data to the application. Remember that such inputs may be obtained indirectly through API calls.
Many open redirect problems occur because the programmer assumed that certain inputs could not be modified, such as cookies and hidden form fields.
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Operation
Use an application firewall that can detect attacks against this weakness. It can be beneficial in cases in which the code cannot be fixed (because it is controlled by a third party), as an emergency prevention measure while more comprehensive software assurance measures are applied, or to provide defense in depth [REF-1481].
Source: MITRE CWE-601
1,070 results · Clear filters · Feed
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Medium 6.5
An issue in Shanghai Shizhi Information Technology Co., Ltd Shihuo iOS 8.16.0 allows attackers to access sensitive user…
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Medium 6.5
An issue in Tencent Technology (Shanghai) Co., Ltd WeSing iOS v9.3.39 allows attackers to access sensitive user informa…
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Medium 6.5
An issue in Tianjin Xiaowu Information technology Co., Ltd BeiKe Holdings iOS 1.3.50 allows attackers to access sensiti…
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Medium 6.5
An issue in Guangzhou Polar Future Culture Technology Co., Ltd University Search iOS 2.27.0 allows attackers to access …
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Medium 6.5
An issue in Xiamen Meitu Technology Co., Ltd. BeautyCam iOS v12.3.60 allows attackers to access sensitive user informat…
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Medium 6.5
An issue in Kingsoft Office Software Corporation Limited WPS Office iOS 12.20.0 allows attackers to access sensitive us…
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Medium 4.3
JoeyBling bootplus QrCodeController.java qrCode redirect
A vulnerability has been found in JoeyBling bootplus up to 247d5f6c209be1a5cf10cd0fa18e1d8cc63cf55d and classified as problematic. Affected by this vulnerability is the function qrCode of the file src/main/java/io/github/controller/QrCodeController.java. The …
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Medium 6.1
Vulnerability in the JD Edwards EnterpriseOne Tools product of Oracle JD Edwards (component: Web Runtime SEC). Supporte…
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Medium 4.8
WeGIA Open Redirect vulnerability
WeGIA is a Web manager for charitable institutions. An Open Redirect vulnerability was identified in the `control.php` endpoint of versions up to and including 3.2.10 of the WeGIA application. The vulnerability allows the `nextPage` parameter to be manipulate…
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Medium 6.1
On most desktop platforms, Brave Browser versions 1.70.x-1.73.x included a feature to show a site's origin on the OS-pr…
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Medium 4.8
Potential Open Redirect via Parsing Differences in TYPO3
TYPO3 is a free and open source Content Management Framework. Applications that use `TYPO3\CMS\Core\Http\Uri` to parse externally provided URLs (e.g., via a query parameter) and validate the host of the parsed URL may be vulnerable to open redirect or SSRF at…
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Medium 5.3
Address bar spoofing using an invalid protocol scheme on Firefox for Android
When redirecting to an invalid protocol scheme, an attacker could spoof the address bar. *Note: This issue only affected Android operating systems. Other operating systems are unaffected.*. This vulnerability was fixed in Firefox 134.
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Medium 4.3
ruifang-tech Rebuild Admin Verification Page admin-verify redirect
A vulnerability was found in ruifang-tech Rebuild 3.8.6. It has been classified as problematic. This affects an unknown part of the file /user/admin-verify of the component Admin Verification Page. The manipulation of the argument nexturl with the input http:…
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Medium 6.8
IBM Cognos Analytics HTTP open redirection
IBM Cognos Analytics 11.2.0 through 11.2.4 and 12.0.0 through 12.0.3 could allow a remote attacker to conduct phishing attacks, using an open redirect attack. By persuading a victim to visit a specially crafted Web site, a remote attacker could exploit this v…
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Medium 5.4
A URL redirection vulnerability exists in UJCMS 9.6.3 due to improper validation of URLs in the upload and rendering of…
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Medium 6.4
URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect') in GitLab
An issue was discovered in GitLab CE/EE affecting all versions from 11.8 before 17.4.6, 17.5 before 17.5.4, and 17.6 before 17.6.2. An attacker could potentially perform an open redirect against a given releases API endpoint.
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Medium 6.1
Adobe Connect | URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect') (CWE-601)
Adobe Connect versions 12.6, 11.4.7 and earlier are affected by a URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect') vulnerability. An attacker could leverage this vulnerability to redirect users to malicious websites. Exploitation of this issue requires use…
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Medium 6.1
Adobe Connect | URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect') (CWE-601)
Adobe Connect versions 12.6, 11.4.7 and earlier are affected by a URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect') vulnerability. An attacker could leverage this vulnerability to redirect users to malicious websites. Exploitation of this issue requires use…
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Medium 4.3
Dell ECS, versions prior to 3.8.0, contain(s) a Host Header Injection Vulnerability. A remote low-privileged attacker c…
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Medium 4.7
WordPress Login Widget With Shortcode plugin <= 6.1.2 - Open Redirection vulnerability
URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect') vulnerability in aviplugins.com Login Widget With Shortcode login-sidebar-widget allows Phishing.This issue affects Login Widget With Shortcode: from n/a through <= 6.1.2.
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Medium 6.3
X-Forwarded-Prefix Header still allows for Open Redirect in traefik
Traefik (pronounced traffic) is an HTTP reverse proxy and load balancer. There is a vulnerability in Traefik that allows the client to provide the X-Forwarded-Prefix header from an untrusted source. This issue has been addressed in versions 2.11.14 and 3.2.1.…
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Medium 5.1
Open Redirect Vulnerability in Loading Page in bunkerweb
bunkerweb is an Open-source and next-generation Web Application Firewall (WAF). A open redirect vulnerability exists in the loading endpoint, allowing attackers to redirect authenticated users to arbitrary external URLs via the "next" parameter. The loading e…
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Medium 5.9
Automated Logic WebCTRL and Carrier i-Vu Open Redirect
A vulnerability in Automated Logic WebCTRL 7.0 could allow an attacker to send a maliciously crafted URL, which when visited by an authenticated WebCTRL user, could result in the redirection of the user to a malicious webpage via "index.jsp"
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Medium 4.7
Cisco Enterprise Chat and Email Open Redirect Vulnerability
A vulnerability in the web-based management interface of Cisco ECE could allow an unauthenticated, remote attacker to redirect a user to an undesired web page. This vulnerability is due to improper input validation of the URL parameters in an HTTP reques…
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Medium 4.6
Open Redirection in pyload/pyload
An open redirection vulnerability exists in pyload/pyload version 0.5.0. The vulnerability is due to improper handling of the 'next' parameter in the login functionality. An attacker can exploit this vulnerability to redirect users to malicious sites, which c…
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Medium 4.3
Apereo CAS login redirect
A vulnerability has been found in Apereo CAS 6.6 and classified as problematic. Affected by this vulnerability is an unknown functionality of the file /login. The manipulation of the argument redirect_uri leads to open redirect. The attack can be launched rem…
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Medium 5.4
HCL BigFix Compliance is affected by unvalidated redirects and forwards
HCL BigFix Compliance is affected by unvalidated redirects and forwards. The HOST header can be manipulated by an attacker and as a result, it can poison the web cache and provide back to users being served the page.
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Medium 6.5
Bruno before 1.29.1 uses Electron shell.openExternal without validation (of http or https) for opening windows within t…
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Medium 5.1
Open Redirect in PingAM
An Open-Redirect vulnerability exists in PingAM where well-crafted requests may cause improper validation of redirect URLs. This could allow an attacker to redirect end-users to malicious sites under their control, simplifying phishing attacks
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Medium 4.7
WordPress Sunshine Photo Cart plugin <= 3.2.9 - Open Redirection vulnerability
URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect') vulnerability in sunshinephotocart Sunshine Photo Cart sunshine-photo-cart.This issue affects Sunshine Photo Cart: from n/a through <= 3.2.9.
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Medium 6.1
PbootCMS 3.2.8 is vulnerable to URL Redirect.
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Medium 4.7
WordPress Simple Membership plugin <= 4.5.3 - Open Redirection vulnerability
URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect') vulnerability in wp.insider Simple Membership simple-membership allows Phishing.This issue affects Simple Membership: from n/a through <= 4.5.3.
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Medium 6.1
Public Knowledge Project pkp-lib 3.4.0-7 and earlier is vulnerable to Open redirect due to a lack of input sanitization…
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Medium 4.7
WordPress ElementsReady Addons for Elementor plugin <= 6.4.2 - Open Redirection vulnerability
URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect') vulnerability in quomodosoft ElementsReady Addons for Elementor element-ready-lite.This issue affects ElementsReady Addons for Elementor: from n/a through 6.4.2.
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Medium 4.7
WordPress Simple Membership After Login Redirection plugin <= 1.6 - Open Redirection vulnerability
URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect') vulnerability in wp.insider Simple Membership After Login Redirection simple-membership-after-login-redirection.This issue affects Simple Membership After Login Redirection: from n/a through <= 1.6.
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Medium 4.7
WordPress EventPrime plugin <= 4.0.4.5 - Open Redirection vulnerability
URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect') vulnerability in Metagauss EventPrime eventprime-event-calendar-management.This issue affects EventPrime: from n/a through <= 4.0.4.5.
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Medium 6.8
Windows Mobile Broadband Driver Remote Code Execution Vulnerability
Windows Mobile Broadband Driver Remote Code Execution Vulnerability
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Medium 6.8
Windows Mobile Broadband Driver Remote Code Execution Vulnerability
Windows Mobile Broadband Driver Remote Code Execution Vulnerability
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Medium 4.7
The web server of affected devices does not properly validate input that is used for a user redirection. This could all…
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Medium 6.1
Sonarr – CWE-601: URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect')
Sonarr – CWE-601: URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect')