Weakness (CWE)
CWE-601: URL Redirection to Untrusted Site
The web application accepts a user-controlled input that specifies a link to an external site, and uses that link in a redirect.
How to prevent it (6 mitigations)
-
Implementation
Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
Use a list of approved URLs or domains to be used for redirection.
-
Architecture and Design
Use an intermediate disclaimer page that provides the user with a clear warning that they are leaving the current site. Implement a long timeout before the redirect occurs, or force the user to click on the link. Be careful to avoid XSS problems (CWE-79) when generating the disclaimer page.
-
Architecture and Design
When the set of acceptable objects, such as filenames or URLs, is limited or known, create a mapping from a set of fixed input values (such as numeric IDs) to the actual filenames or URLs, and reject all other inputs.
For example, ID 1 could map to "/login.asp" and ID 2 could map to "http://www.example.com/". Features such as the ESAPI AccessReferenceMap [REF-45] provide this capability.
-
Architecture and Design
Ensure that no externally-supplied requests are honored by requiring that all redirect requests include a unique nonce generated by the application [REF-483]. Be sure that the nonce is not predictable (CWE-330).
-
Architecture and Design, Implementation
Understand all the potential areas where untrusted inputs can enter your software: parameters or arguments, cookies, anything read from the network, environment variables, reverse DNS lookups, query results, request headers, URL components, e-mail, files, filenames, databases, and any external systems that provide data to the application. Remember that such inputs may be obtained indirectly through API calls.
Many open redirect problems occur because the programmer assumed that certain inputs could not be modified, such as cookies and hidden form fields.
-
Operation
Use an application firewall that can detect attacks against this weakness. It can be beneficial in cases in which the code cannot be fixed (because it is controlled by a third party), as an emergency prevention measure while more comprehensive software assurance measures are applied, or to provide defense in depth [REF-1481].
Source: MITRE CWE-601
1,070 results · Clear filters · Feed
-
Medium 4.7
WordPress Payflex Payment Gateway plugin <= 2.6.1 - Open Redirection vulnerability
URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect') vulnerability in tomlister Payflex Payment Gateway payflex-payment-gateway.This issue affects Payflex Payment Gateway: from n/a through <= 2.6.1.
-
Medium 6.1
BUG-000168624 - Unvalidated redirect in Portal for ArcGIS. (11.2, 11.1, 10.9.1. and 10.8.1)
There is an unvalidated redirect vulnerability in Esri Portal for ArcGIS 11.2 and below that may allow a remote, unauthenticated attacker to craft a URL that could redirect a victim to an arbitrary website, simplifying phishing attacks.
-
Medium 6.1
BUG-000167983 - Unvalidated redirect in Portal for ArcGIS
There is an unvalidated redirect vulnerability in Esri Portal for ArcGIS 11.0 and below that may allow a remote, unauthenticated attacker to craft a URL that could redirect a victim to an arbitrary website, simplifying phishing attacks.
-
Medium 4.7
Open Redirect
URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect') vulnerability in Express. This vulnerability affects the use of the Express Response object. This issue impacts Express: from 3.4.5 before 4.0.0.
-
Medium 5.4
Scout contains an Open Redirect on Login via `next`
Scout is a web-based visualizer for VCF-files. Open redirect vulnerability allows performing phishing attacks on users by redirecting them to malicious page. /login API endpoint is vulnerable to open redirect attack via next parameter due to absence of saniti…
-
Medium 6.9
Glassfish redirect to untrusted site
In Eclipse Glassfish versions before 7.0.17, The Host HTTP parameter could cause the web application to redirect to the specified URL, when the requested endpoint is '/management/domain'. By modifying the URL value to a malicious site, an attacker may success…
-
Medium 6.1CVE-2024-8883 Scanner template
Keycloak: vulnerable redirect uri validation results in open redirec
A misconfiguration flaw was found in Keycloak. This issue can allow an attacker to redirect users to an arbitrary URL if a 'Valid Redirect URI' is set to http://localhost or http://127.0.0.1, enabling sensitive information such as authorization codes to be ex…
-
Medium 6.1
Under certain conditions, an attacker with the ability to redirect users to a malicious site via an open redirect on a …
-
Medium 6.4
URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect') in GitLab
An issue has been discovered in GitLab EE affecting all versions starting from 11.1 before 17.1.7, 17.2 before 17.2.5, and 17.3 before 17.3.2. Under certain conditions an open redirect vulnerability could allow for an account takeover by breaking the OAuth fl…
-
Medium 6.4
URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect') in GitLab
An issue has been discovered in GitLab EE affecting all versions starting from 12.9 before 17.1.7, 17.2 before 17.2.5, and 17.3 before 17.3.2. Under certain conditions an open redirect vulnerability could allow for an account takeover by breaking the OAuth fl…
-
Medium 6.1
Eclipse Glassfish: URL redirection vulnerability to untrusted sites
In Eclipse Glassfish versions prior to 7.0.10, a URL redirection vulnerability to untrusted sites existed. This vulnerability is caused by the vulnerability (CVE-2023-41080) in the Apache code included in GlassFish. This vulnerability only affects application…
-
Medium 6.1
Keycloak-core: open redirect on account page
An open redirect vulnerability was found in Keycloak. A specially crafted URL can be constructed where the referrer and referrer_uri parameters are made to trick a user to visit a malicious webpage. A trusted URL can trick users and automation into believing …
-
Medium 6.1
Uniong WebITR - Open Redirect
WebITR from Uniong has an Open Redirect vulnerability, which allows unauthorized remote attackers to exploit this vulnerability to forge URLs. Users, believing they are accessing a trusted domain, can be redirected to another page, potentially leading to phis…
-
Medium 6.1
Loway - CWE-601: URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect')
Loway - CWE-601: URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect')
-
Medium 4.3
SourceCodester Clinics Patient Management System congratulations.php redirect
A vulnerability was found in SourceCodester Clinics Patient Management System 2.0. It has been classified as problematic. Affected is an unknown function of the file congratulations.php. The manipulation of the argument goto_page leads to open redirect. It is…
-
Medium 4.3
LinuxOSsk Shakal-NG views.py redirect
A vulnerability, which was classified as problematic, was found in LinuxOSsk Shakal-NG up to 1.3.3. Affected is an unknown function of the file comments/views.py. The manipulation of the argument next leads to open redirect. It is possible to launch the attac…
-
Medium 6.8CVE-2024-35133 Public exploit
IBM Security Verify Access HTTP open redirect
IBM Security Verify Access 10.0.0 through 10.0.8 OIDC Provider could allow a remote authenticated attacker to conduct phishing attacks, using an open redirect attack. By persuading a victim to visit a specially crafted Web site, a remote attacker could exploi…
-
Medium 6.1
An Open Redirect vulnerability in the page parameter of vTiger CRM v7.4.0 allows attackers to redirect users to a malic…
-
Medium 4.3
An HTTP parameter may contain a URL value and could cause the web application to redirect the request to the specified …
-
Medium 6.1
There is an Open Redirect vulnerability in Gnuboard v6.0.4 and below via the `url` parameter in login path.
-
Medium 4.8
Potential Open Redirect issues affect OpenText™ Network Node Manager i (NNMi).
URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect') vulnerability in OpenText™ Network Node Manager i (NNMi) allows URL Redirector Abuse.This issue affects Network Node Manager i (NNMi): 2022.11, 2023.05, 23.4, 24.2.
-
Medium 6.1
OpenSearch Dashboards Security Plugin improper validation of nextUrl can lead to external redirect
OpenSearch Dashboards Security Plugin adds a configuration management UI for the OpenSearch Security features to OpenSearch Dashboards. Improper validation of the nextUrl parameter can lead to external redirect on login to OpenSearch-Dashboards for specially …
-
Medium 6.1
[20240801] - Core - Inadequate validation of internal URLs
Inadequate validation of URLs could result into an invalid check whether an redirect URL is internal or not..
-
Medium 4.7
WordPress Salon Booking System plugin <= 10.8.1 - Open Redirection vulnerability
URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect') vulnerability in Salon Booking System Salon booking system.This issue affects Salon booking system: from n/a through 10.8.1.
-
Medium 4.7
WordPress Easy PayPal & Stripe Buy Now Button plugin <= 1.9 - Open Redirection vulnerability
URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect') vulnerability in Scott Paterson Easy PayPal Buy Now Button.This issue affects Easy PayPal Buy Now Button: from n/a through 1.9.
-
Medium 4.3
pkp ojs signOut redirect
A vulnerability was found in pkp ojs up to 3.4.0-6 and classified as problematic. Affected by this issue is some unknown functionality of the file /login/signOut. The manipulation of the argument source with the input .example.com leads to open redirect. The …
-
Medium 6.1
WebOb's location header normalization during redirect leads to open redirect
WebOb provides objects for HTTP requests and responses. When WebOb normalizes the HTTP Location header to include the request hostname, it does so by parsing the URL that the user is to be redirected to with Python's urlparse, and joining it to the base URL. …
-
Medium 4.7
The Duende Identity Server based component in 1E Platform may allow URL redirections to untrusted websites.
The 1E Platform's component utilized the third-party Duende Identity Server, which suffered from an open redirect vulnerability, permitting an attacker to control the redirection path of end users. Note: 1E Platform's component utilizing the third-party Duend…
-
Medium 4.7
IdentityServer Open Redirect vulnerability
### Impact It is possible for an attacker to craft malicious Urls that certain functions in IdentityServer will incorrectly treat as local and trusted. If such a Url is returned as a redirect, some browsers will follow it to a third-party, untrusted site. ###…
-
Medium 5.2CVE-2024-41955 Scanner template
Mobile Security Framework (MobSF) has an Open Redirect in Login Redirect
Mobile Security Framework (MobSF) is a security research platform for mobile applications in Android, iOS and Windows Mobile. An open redirect vulnerability exist in MobSF authentication view. Update to MobSF v4.0.5.
-
Medium 4.7
Duende IdentityServer Open Redirect vulnerability
Duende IdentityServer is an OpenID Connect and OAuth 2.x framework for ASP.NET Core. It is possible for an attacker to craft malicious Urls that certain functions in IdentityServer will incorrectly treat as local and trusted. If such a Url is returned as a re…
-
Medium 4.7
OpenProject packaged installation has Open Redirect Vulnerability in Sign-In in default configuration
OpenProject is open source project management software. Prior to version 14.3.0, using a forged HOST header in the default configuration of packaged installations and using the "Login required" setting, an attacker could redirect to a remote host to initiate …
-
Medium 4.7
A vulnerability in the web-based management interface of Cisco Expressway Series could allow an unauthenticated, remote…
-
Medium 4.8
Redirection of users to a vulnerable URL in Citrix Workspace app for HTML5
-
Medium 5.1
Open redirect vulnerability allows a remote unauthenticated attacker to redirect users to arbitrary websites
Open redirect vulnerability allows a remote unauthenticated attacker to redirect users to arbitrary websites in NetScaler ADC and NetScaler Gateway
-
Medium 4.3
An issue in Outline <= v0.76.1 allows attackers to redirect a victim user to a malicious site via intercepting and chan…
-
Medium 5.3
URL Redirection to Arbitrary Site Exists in Sitefinity
The user may be redirected to an arbitrary site in Sitefinity 15.1.8321.0 and previous versions.
-
Medium 6.5
Khoj Open Redirect Vulnerability in Login Page
### Summary An attacker can use the `next` parameter on the login page to redirect a victim to a malicious page, while masking this using a legit-looking `app.khoj.dev` url. For example, `https://app.khoj.dev/login?next=//example.com` will redirect to the htt…
-
Medium 4.3
Open Redirect in imartinez/privategpt
An open redirect vulnerability exists in imartinez/privategpt version 0.5.0 due to improper handling of the 'file' parameter. This vulnerability allows attackers to redirect users to a URL specified by user-controlled input without proper validation or saniti…
-
Medium 6.1
Open Redirect in Magarsus Consultancy's SSO
URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect') vulnerability in Magarsus Consultancy SSO (Single Sign On) allows Manipulating Hidden Fields. This issue affects SSO (Single Sign On): from 1.0 before 1.1.