Weakness (CWE)
CWE-601: URL Redirection to Untrusted Site
The web application accepts a user-controlled input that specifies a link to an external site, and uses that link in a redirect.
How to prevent it (6 mitigations)
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Implementation
Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
Use a list of approved URLs or domains to be used for redirection.
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Architecture and Design
Use an intermediate disclaimer page that provides the user with a clear warning that they are leaving the current site. Implement a long timeout before the redirect occurs, or force the user to click on the link. Be careful to avoid XSS problems (CWE-79) when generating the disclaimer page.
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Architecture and Design
When the set of acceptable objects, such as filenames or URLs, is limited or known, create a mapping from a set of fixed input values (such as numeric IDs) to the actual filenames or URLs, and reject all other inputs.
For example, ID 1 could map to "/login.asp" and ID 2 could map to "http://www.example.com/". Features such as the ESAPI AccessReferenceMap [REF-45] provide this capability.
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Architecture and Design
Ensure that no externally-supplied requests are honored by requiring that all redirect requests include a unique nonce generated by the application [REF-483]. Be sure that the nonce is not predictable (CWE-330).
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Architecture and Design, Implementation
Understand all the potential areas where untrusted inputs can enter your software: parameters or arguments, cookies, anything read from the network, environment variables, reverse DNS lookups, query results, request headers, URL components, e-mail, files, filenames, databases, and any external systems that provide data to the application. Remember that such inputs may be obtained indirectly through API calls.
Many open redirect problems occur because the programmer assumed that certain inputs could not be modified, such as cookies and hidden form fields.
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Operation
Use an application firewall that can detect attacks against this weakness. It can be beneficial in cases in which the code cannot be fixed (because it is controlled by a third party), as an emergency prevention measure while more comprehensive software assurance measures are applied, or to provide defense in depth [REF-1481].
Source: MITRE CWE-601
1,068 results · Clear filters · Feed
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Medium 5.3
TeamDavid: Header Injection leading to Open Redirect via URL-encoded characters
The Webbox of TeamDavid by Tobit Laboratories AG constructs redirect URLs using user-supplied input, which is appended to the redirect target in a 302 HTTP response. By using URL-encoded characters such as “%2e” (representing a dot), an attacker can manipulat…
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Medium 4.8
html_sanitize_ex HTML5 scrubber keeps attacker-supplied form-association attributes, allowing form hijacking
URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect') vulnerability in the HTML5 scrubber in rrrene html_sanitize_ex allows an unauthenticated remote attacker to retarget a form already on the rendering page and receive whatever the victim submits, including cr…
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Medium 4.3
DjangoCRM - Unauthenticated Open Redirect via toggle_default_sorting next_url Parameter
DjangoCRM's toggle_default_sorting view is the only route in common/urls.py that is not wrapped in login_required or staff_member_required, and it redirects to a caller-supplied next_url GET parameter after only checking secure_url(next_url), which merely ver…
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Medium 5.4
URL Redirection in Bilin Software's HUMANIST Digital Human Resources
URL redirection to untrusted site ('open redirect') vulnerability in Bilin Software and Informatics Consultancy Inc. HUMANIST Digital Human Resources allows Phishing. This issue affects HUMANIST Digital Human Resources: from 26.0 before 26.1.
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Medium 4.7
Clearfy < 2.4.3 - Open Redirect via Cyrlitera 404 Handler
The Clearfy Cache WordPress plugin before 2.4.3 does not validate the redirect target in its Cyrlitera old-URL redirect handler, passing a decoded request URI to an unsafe redirect function, which allows unauthenticated attackers to redirect visitors to an ar…
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Medium 4.3
kalcaddle kodbox SSO API Login apiLogin redirect
A vulnerability has been found in kalcaddle kodbox 1.67 Build 02. This issue affects some unknown processing of the file /user/sso/apiLogin of the component SSO API Login. The manipulation of the argument callbackUrl leads to open redirect. The attack can be …
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Medium 6.5
Grav Form Plugin before 9.1.13 Open Redirect via form.value() Twig
The Grav form plugin (getgrav/grav-plugin-form) before 9.1.13 contains an open redirect vulnerability. Since v9.1.11, the redirect process action evaluates user-supplied form data inside Twig expressions, and Grav::redirect() accepts external URLs without ori…
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Medium 4.8
core-geonetwork has an Open Redirect Bypass
GeoNetwork is a catalog application to manage spatially referenced resources. From 3.12.0 until 4.2.16 and 4.4.11, unsafe redirect validation in GeonetworkOAuth2LoginAuthenticationFilter and KeycloakAuthenticationProcessingFilter permits an attacker-controlle…
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Medium 4.3
Serendipity < 2.6.1 Open Redirect via exit.php
Serendipity before 2.6.1 contains an open redirect vulnerability in exit.php that allows unauthenticated attackers to redirect users to arbitrary external sites by supplying a malicious Base64-encoded url parameter when the Track Exits plugin is configured wi…
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Medium 6.1
Leantime Open Redirect in Login Controller via redirectUrl Parameter
Leantime 3.6.2 contains an open redirect vulnerability in the Login controller that allows unauthenticated attackers to redirect authenticated users to arbitrary external sites by manipulating the redirectUrl POST parameter. Attackers can craft a malicious lo…
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Medium 4.3
Inappropriate implementation in Chrome for iOS in Google Chrome on iOS prior to 151.0.7922.72 allowed a remote attacker…
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Medium 5.4
Dify AI Workflow oauth_redirect_url Open Redirect Vulnerability
Dify AI Workflow oauth_redirect_url Open Redirect Vulnerability. This vulnerability allows remote attackers to disclose sensitive information on affected installations of Dify. User interaction is required to exploit this vulnerability in that the target must…
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Medium 6.1
ads-tec Industrial IT: Post-login open redirect in the web interface
An unauthenticated remote attacker can abuse the improper validation of the post-login redirect of the web-UI to trick users to a malicious website. This can result in a loss of confidentiality and availability.
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Medium 5.1
React Router: Open redirect via backslash in <Link> and useNavigate (CVE-2025-68470 bypass)
React Router is a router for React. Versions 6.0.0 through 7.17.0 are vulnerable to Open Redirtect through use of backslashes in <Link> and useNavigate. This issue is a follow up to CVE-2025-68470 and has been fixed in version 7.18.0.
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Medium 6.9
React Router: Open redirect can lead to XSS
React Router is a router for React. In versions 6.30.2 through 6.30.4 and 7.9.6 through 7.12.0, applications that allow open redirects are vulnerable to XSS. An attacker could craft a malicious link that redirects users to an unexpected external site or that …
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Medium 4.7
Contact Form 7 – PayPal & Stripe Add-on < 2.5 - Open Redirect
The Contact Form 7 WordPress plugin before 2.5 does not validate the host of a user-supplied return URL before using it as the success and cancel redirect targets of a Stripe checkout, allowing an unauthenticated attacker to redirect a victim, via a crafted l…
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Medium 4.9CVE-2026-51564 Public exploit
An issue in the redirect parameter in Milk admin <=0.9.8 allows remote attackers to redirect users to arbitrary externa…
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Medium 4.3
Shopware SSO referer trust leading to an arbitrary redirect target
Shopware is an open commerce platform. Versions 6.7.3.0 through 6.7.10.0 have an open redirect in Shopware's public SSO entry point at `GET /api/oauth/sso/auth`. When the endpoint is reached without the expected SSO session state, the application falls back t…
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Medium 5.4
Vulnerability in the Oracle Work in Process product of Oracle E-Business Suite (component: Internal Operations). Suppor…
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Medium 5.3
Vulnerability in the Oracle Production Scheduling product of Oracle E-Business Suite (component: Internal Operations). …
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Medium 6.1
Vulnerability in the Oracle Contracts Integration product of Oracle E-Business Suite (component: Internal Operations). …
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Medium 5.4
Vulnerability in the Oracle HRMS (Republic of Korea) product of Oracle E-Business Suite (component: Korean Payroll). Su…
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Medium 6.4
Vulnerability in the Oracle Communications Convergent Charging Controller product of Oracle Communications (component: …
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Medium 6.5CVE-2026-61082 Public exploit
Vulnerability in the MySQL Connectors product of Oracle MySQL (component: Connector/J). Supported versions that are aff…
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Medium 5.4
Vulnerability in the Oracle Transportation Execution product of Oracle E-Business Suite (component: Internal Operations…
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Medium 5.4
Vulnerability in the Oracle Property Manager product of Oracle E-Business Suite (component: Internal Operations). Suppo…
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Medium 6.1
Vulnerability in the Oracle Knowledge Management product of Oracle E-Business Suite (component: Search). Supported vers…
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Medium 6.1
Vulnerability in the Oracle iSupport product of Oracle E-Business Suite (component: Internal Operations). Supported ver…
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Medium 5.4
Vulnerability in the PeopleSoft Enterprise PeopleTools product of Oracle PeopleSoft (component: Security). Supported ve…
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Medium 5.4
Vulnerability in the PeopleSoft Enterprise PeopleTools product of Oracle PeopleSoft (component: Security). Supported ve…
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Medium 6.8
Vulnerability in the JDBC component of Oracle Database Server. Supported versions that are affected are 19.3-19.31, 21.…
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Medium 6.1
Vulnerability in the Oracle Enterprise Manager Base Platform product of Oracle Enterprise Manager (component: UI Framew…
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Medium 6.1
Open Redirect in Universal Sotware's FlexCity
URL redirection to untrusted site ('open redirect') vulnerability in Universal Software Inc. FlexCity allows Input Data Manipulation. This issue affects FlexCity: from 5.536.0 before 5.542.0.
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Medium 4.3
trinodb trino OAuth2/OIDC ExternalUriInfo.java redirect
A vulnerability was found in trinodb trino 481. Affected is an unknown function of the file core/trino-main/src/main/java/io/trino/server/ExternalUriInfo.java of the component OAuth2/OIDC. Performing a manipulation of the argument redirect_uri results in open…
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Medium 4.3
cal.diy 6.2.0 Conferencing OAuth Callback Open Redirect via Unsigned State
cal.diy through 6.2.0 contains an open redirect vulnerability in the conferencing OAuth callback endpoint that allows attackers to redirect users to arbitrary URLs by crafting malicious state parameters. Attackers can exploit the unsigned state parameter and …
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Medium 6.1
Joomla Extension - hikashop.com - Open redirect in Hikashop < 6.5.2
Joomla Extension - hikashop.com - Open redirect in Hikashop < 6.5.2 - The Joomla extension Hikashop is vulnerable to an open redirect.
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Medium 4.3
Multiple Vulnerabilities in IBM Engineering AI hub.
IBM Engineering AI Hub 1.0.0, 1.1.0, and 1.2.0 could allow a remote attacker to redirect users to malicious websites due to improper validation of user-supplied URLs.
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Medium 6.5
OpenClaw < 2026.6.5 Authorization Header Forwarding via SSE
OpenClaw before 2026.6.5 could forward Authorization headers during MCP SSE redirects. When the affected feature is enabled and reachable, a lower-trust caller or configured input path could execute or persist actions beyond the caller's intended authorizatio…
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Medium 6.8
URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect') vulnerability in the Dashboard OAuth/OIDC implementation of Axivion
An Open Redirect vulnerability (CWE-601) exists in the OAuth/OIDC authentication implementation of the Axivion Dashboard. The login flow did not properly restrict the post-authentication redirect to the application's own origin, so a user who follows a crafte…
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Medium 6.1
Redash: Open redirect vulnerability in post-login redirect handling
Redash is a package for data visualization and sharing. From 5.0.2 to 26.3.0, the get_next_path() function in Redash's authentication module stripped the scheme and netloc from user-supplied next parameters but did not normalize multiple leading slashes, allo…