Weakness (CWE)
CWE-601: URL Redirection to Untrusted Site
The web application accepts a user-controlled input that specifies a link to an external site, and uses that link in a redirect.
How to prevent it (6 mitigations)
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Implementation
Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
Use a list of approved URLs or domains to be used for redirection.
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Architecture and Design
Use an intermediate disclaimer page that provides the user with a clear warning that they are leaving the current site. Implement a long timeout before the redirect occurs, or force the user to click on the link. Be careful to avoid XSS problems (CWE-79) when generating the disclaimer page.
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Architecture and Design
When the set of acceptable objects, such as filenames or URLs, is limited or known, create a mapping from a set of fixed input values (such as numeric IDs) to the actual filenames or URLs, and reject all other inputs.
For example, ID 1 could map to "/login.asp" and ID 2 could map to "http://www.example.com/". Features such as the ESAPI AccessReferenceMap [REF-45] provide this capability.
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Architecture and Design
Ensure that no externally-supplied requests are honored by requiring that all redirect requests include a unique nonce generated by the application [REF-483]. Be sure that the nonce is not predictable (CWE-330).
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Architecture and Design, Implementation
Understand all the potential areas where untrusted inputs can enter your software: parameters or arguments, cookies, anything read from the network, environment variables, reverse DNS lookups, query results, request headers, URL components, e-mail, files, filenames, databases, and any external systems that provide data to the application. Remember that such inputs may be obtained indirectly through API calls.
Many open redirect problems occur because the programmer assumed that certain inputs could not be modified, such as cookies and hidden form fields.
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Operation
Use an application firewall that can detect attacks against this weakness. It can be beneficial in cases in which the code cannot be fixed (because it is controlled by a third party), as an emergency prevention measure while more comprehensive software assurance measures are applied, or to provide defense in depth [REF-1481].
Source: MITRE CWE-601
1,068 results · Clear filters · Feed
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Medium 6.5
Vulnerability in the Oracle WebLogic Server product of Oracle Fusion Middleware (component: Web Services). Supported ve…
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Medium 6.1
Vulnerability in the Oracle Business Process Management Suite product of Oracle Fusion Middleware (component: Human wor…
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Medium 6.1
Vulnerability in the Oracle Identity Manager product of Oracle Fusion Middleware (component: Identity Console). Support…
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Medium 6.9
next-intl has an open redirect vulnerability
next-intl provides internationalization for Next.js. Applications using the `next-intl` middleware prior to version 4.9.1with `localePrefix: 'as-needed'` could construct URLs where path handling and the WHATWG URL parser resolved a relative redirect target to…
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Medium 6.1
@adonisjs/http-server has an Open Redirect vulnerability
AdonisJS HTTP Server is a package for handling HTTP requests in the AdonisJS framework. In @adonisjs/http-server versions prior to 7.8.1 and 8.0.0-next.0 through 8.1.3, and @adonisjs/core versions prior to 7.4.0, the response.redirect().back() method reads th…
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Medium 5.3
Loki Path Traversal - CVE-2021-36156 Bypass
The CVE-2021-36156 fix validates the namespace parameter for path traversal sequences after a single URL decode, by double encoding, an attacker can read files at the Ruler API endpoint /loki/api/v1/rules/{namespace} Thanks to Prasanth Sundararajan for report…
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Medium 4.7
Cisco Unity Connection Open Redirect Vulnerability
A vulnerability in the web-based management interface of Cisco Unity Connection could allow an unauthenticated, remote attacker to redirect a user to a malicious web page. This vulnerability is due to improper input validation of HTTP request parameters. An a…
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Medium 5.1
immich: Open Redirect via Shared Album name
immich is a high performance self-hosted photo and video management solution. Versions prior to 2.7.3 contain an open redirect vulnerability in the shared album functionality, where the album name is inserted unsanitized into a <meta> tag in api.service.ts. A…
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Medium 6.1
Open Redirect vulnerability in SAP NetWeaver Application Server ABAP
Due to an Open Redirect vulnerability in SAP NetWeaver Application Server ABAP, an unauthenticated attacker could craft malicious URL that, if accessed by a victim, they could be redirected to the page controlled by the attacker. This causes low impact on con…
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Medium 6.1CVE-2026-6203 Scanner template
User Registration & Membership <= 5.1.4 - Unauthenticated Open Redirect via 'redirect_to_on_logout' Parameter
The User Registration & Membership plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Open Redirect in versions up to and including 5.1.4. This is due to insufficient validation of user-supplied URLs passed via the 'redirect_to_on_logout' GET parameter before redirecting …
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Medium 5.3
ChurchCRM has an Open Redirect via the ‘linkBack’ URL Parameter in DonatedItemEditor.php
ChurchCRM is an open-source church management system. Prior to 7.0.0, it was possible in many places across the ChurchCRM application to create a link that, when visited by an authenticated user, would redirect them to any URL chosen by an attacker if they cl…
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Medium 4.7
Chamilo LMS has an Open Redirect via Unvalidated 'page' Parameter in Session Course Edit
Chamilo LMS is a learning management system. Prior to 1.11.38 and 2.0.0-RC.3, an Open Redirect vulnerability in the session course edit page allows an attacker to redirect an authenticated administrator to an arbitrary external URL after saving coach assignme…
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Medium 5.3
An open redirect vulnerability in Rocket.Chat versions prior to 8.4.0 allows users to be redirected to arbitrary URLs b…
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Medium 6.1CVE-2026-25854 Public exploit
Apache Tomcat: Occasionally open redirect
Occasional URL redirection to untrusted Site ('Open Redirect') vulnerability in Apache Tomcat via the LoadBalancerDrainingValve. This issue affects Apache Tomcat: from 11.0.0-M1 through 11.0.18, from 10.1.0-M1 through 10.1.52, from 9.0.0.M23 through 9.0.115, …
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Medium 4.3
LORIS has an open redirect field on login
LORIS (Longitudinal Online Research and Imaging System) is a self-hosted web application that provides data- and project-management for neuroimaging research. Prior to 27.0.3 and 28.0.1, the redirect parameter upon login to LORIS was not validating the value …
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Medium 6.5
OpenClaw < 2026.4.8 - Unsafe Request Body Replay via fetchWithSsrFGuard Cross-Origin Redirects
OpenClaw before 2026.4.8 contains a request body replay vulnerability in fetchWithSsrFGuard that allows unsafe request bodies to be resent across cross-origin redirects. Attackers can exploit this by triggering redirects to exfiltrate sensitive request data o…
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Medium 4.7
WordPress Hide My WP Ghost plugin < 7.0.00 - Open Redirection vulnerability
URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect') vulnerability in John Darrel Hide My WP Ghost hide-my-wp allows Phishing.This issue affects Hide My WP Ghost: from n/a through < 7.0.00.
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Medium 4.3
Directus is an Open Redirect in Admin 2FA Setup Page
Directus is a real-time API and App dashboard for managing SQL database content. Prior to 11.16.1, Directus is vulnerable to an open redirect via the redirect query parameter on the /admin/tfa-setup page. When an administrator who has not yet configured Two-F…
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Medium 6.1
Directus has an Open Redirect via Parser Bypass in OAuth2/SAML Authentication Flow
Directus is a real-time API and App dashboard for managing SQL database content. Prior to 11.16.1, an open redirect vulnerability exists in the login redirection logic. The isLoginRedirectAllowed function fails to correctly identify certain malformed URLs as …
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Medium 4.7
Open edX Platform has an Open Redirect in Survey Views via Unvalidated redirect_url Parameter
Open edX Platform enables the authoring and delivery of online learning at any scale. The view_survey endpoint accepts a redirect_url GET parameter that is passed directly to HttpResponseRedirect() without any URL validation. When a non-existent survey name i…
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Medium 5.1
WeGIA - Open Redirect - backup redirection — Unvalidated $_GET['redirect']
WeGIA is a Web manager for charitable institutions. Prior to 3.6.9, the redirect parameter is taken directly from $_GET with no URL validation or whitelist check, then used verbatim in a header("Location: ...") call. This vulnerability is fixed in 3.6.9.
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Medium 5.1
WeGIA - Open Redirect - atualizacao redirection - Unvalidated $_GET['redirect']
WeGIA is a Web manager for charitable institutions. Prior to 3.6.9, open redirect has been found in WeGIA webapp. The redirect parameter is taken directly from $_GET with no URL validation or whitelist check, then used verbatim in a header("Location: ...") ca…
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Medium 5.1
WeGIA - Open Redirect - IentradaControle - listarId() - Unvalidated $_GET['nextPage']
WeGIA is a Web manager for charitable institutions. Prior to 3.6.9, an Open Redirect vulnerability was identified in the /WeGIA/controle/control.php endpoint of the WeGIA application, specifically through the nextPage parameter when combined with metodo=lista…
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Medium 5.1
WeGIA - Open Redirect - EstoqueControle - listarTodos() - Unvalidated $_GET['nextPage']
WeGIA is a Web manager for charitable institutions. Prior to 3.6.9, an Open Redirect vulnerability was identified in the /WeGIA/controle/control.php endpoint of the WeGIA application, specifically through the nextPage parameter when combined with metodo=lista…
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Medium 5.1
WeGIA - Open Redirect - OrigemControle - listarTodos() & listarId_Nome() - Unvalidated $_GET['nextPage']
WeGIA is a Web manager for charitable institutions. Prior to 3.6.9, an Open Redirect vulnerability was identified in the /WeGIA/controle/control.php endpoint of the WeGIA application, specifically through the nextPage parameter when combined with metodo=lista…
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Medium 5.1
WeGIA - Open Redirect - IsaidaControle - listarId() - Unvalidated $_GET['nextPage']
WeGIA is a Web manager for charitable institutions. Prior to 3.6.9, an Open Redirect vulnerability was identified in the /WeGIA/controle/control.php endpoint of the WeGIA application, specifically through the nextPage parameter when combined with metodo=lista…
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Medium 6.1
An open redirect in Ascertia SigningHub User v10.0 allows attackers to redirect users to a malicious site via a crafted…
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Medium 5.1
JupyterHub has an Open Redirect Vulnerability
JupyterHub is software that allows one to create a multi-user server for Jupyter notebooks. Prior to version 5.4.4, an open redirect vulnerability in JupyterHub allows attackers to construct links which, when clicked, take users to the JupyterHub login page, …
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Medium 4.3
Casdoor OAuth Authorization Request redirect
A vulnerability was identified in Casdoor 2.356.0. Affected by this issue is some unknown functionality of the component OAuth Authorization Request Handler. Such manipulation of the argument redirect_uri leads to open redirect. It is possible to launch the a…
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Medium 4.7CVE-2026-34847 Scanner template
hoppscotch: Open redirect via `/enter?redirect=`
hoppscotch is an open source API development ecosystem. Prior to version 2026.3.0, the /enter page contains a DOM-based open redirect vulnerability. The redirect query parameter is directly used to construct a URL and redirect the user without proper validati…
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Medium 6.1
signalk-server: OAuth Authorization Code Theft via Unvalidated Host Header in OIDC Flow
Signal K Server is a server application that runs on a central hub in a boat. Prior to version 2.24.0, SignalK Server contains a code-level vulnerability in its OIDC login and logout handlers where the unvalidated HTTP Host header is used to construct the OAu…
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Medium 6.3
XenForo Open Redirect via getDynamicRedirect
XenForo before 2.2.17 and 2.3.1 allows open redirect via a specially crafted URL. The getDynamicRedirect() function does not adequately validate the redirect target, allowing attackers to redirect users to arbitrary external sites using crafted URLs containin…
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Medium 5.4
FreeScout: Host Header Injection Leading to External Resource Loading and Open Redirect in FreeScout
FreeScout is a free help desk and shared inbox built with PHP's Laravel framework. Prior to version 1.8.211, host header manipulation in FreeScout version (http://localhost:8080/system/status) allows an attacker to inject an arbitrary domain into generated ab…
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Medium 5.1
Discourse: Open redirect via `sso_destination_url` cookie in `enter`
Discourse is an open-source discussion platform. From versions 2026.1.0-latest to before 2026.1.3, 2026.2.0-latest to before 2026.2.2, and 2026.3.0-latest to before 2026.3.0, the enter action in StaticController reads the sso_destination_url cookie and redire…
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Medium 4.3
Open redirect vulnerability in Search Guard Kibana Plugin via manipulated requests
In Search Guard FLX up to version 4.0.1, it is possible to use specially crafted requests to redirect the user to an untrusted URL.
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Medium 6.1
Statamic has an Open Redirect on unauthenticated endpoints via URL parsing differential
Statamic is a Laravel and Git powered content management system (CMS). Prior to versions 5.73.16 and 6.7.2, the external URL detection used for redirect validation on unauthenticated endpoints could be bypassed, allowing users to be redirected to external URL…
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Medium 4.3CVE-2026-33868 Scanner template
Mastodon has a GET-Based Open Redirect via '/web/%2F<domain>'
Mastodon is a free, open-source social network server based on ActivityPub. Prior to versions 4.5.8, 4.4.15, and 4.3.21, an unauthenticated Open Redirect vulnerability (CWE-601) exists in the `/web/*` route due to improper handling of URL-encoded path segment…
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Medium 6.9
Angular SSR Vulnerable to Protocol-Relative URL Injection via Single Backslash Bypass
The Angular SSR is a server-rise rendering tool for Angular applications. Versions on the 22.x branch prior to 22.0.0-next.2, the 21.x branch prior to 21.2.3, and the 20.x branch prior to 20.3.21 have an Open Redirect vulnerability in `@angular/ssr` due to an…
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Medium 4.3
Open Redirect Vulnerability in Hitachi Ops Center Administrator
Open Redirect vulnerability in Hitachi Ops Center Administrator.This issue affects Hitachi Ops Center Administrator: from 10.2.0 before 11.0.8.
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Medium 5.4
SuiteCRM has Unauthenticated Open Redirect in Leads WebToLead Capture
SuiteCRM is an open-source, enterprise-ready Customer Relationship Management (CRM) software application. Prior to versions 7.15.1 and 8.9.3, SuiteCRM contains an unauthenticated open redirect vulnerability in the WebToLead capture functionality. A user-suppl…