Weakness (CWE)
CWE-601: URL Redirection to Untrusted Site
The web application accepts a user-controlled input that specifies a link to an external site, and uses that link in a redirect.
How to prevent it (6 mitigations)
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Implementation
Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
Use a list of approved URLs or domains to be used for redirection.
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Architecture and Design
Use an intermediate disclaimer page that provides the user with a clear warning that they are leaving the current site. Implement a long timeout before the redirect occurs, or force the user to click on the link. Be careful to avoid XSS problems (CWE-79) when generating the disclaimer page.
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Architecture and Design
When the set of acceptable objects, such as filenames or URLs, is limited or known, create a mapping from a set of fixed input values (such as numeric IDs) to the actual filenames or URLs, and reject all other inputs.
For example, ID 1 could map to "/login.asp" and ID 2 could map to "http://www.example.com/". Features such as the ESAPI AccessReferenceMap [REF-45] provide this capability.
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Architecture and Design
Ensure that no externally-supplied requests are honored by requiring that all redirect requests include a unique nonce generated by the application [REF-483]. Be sure that the nonce is not predictable (CWE-330).
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Architecture and Design, Implementation
Understand all the potential areas where untrusted inputs can enter your software: parameters or arguments, cookies, anything read from the network, environment variables, reverse DNS lookups, query results, request headers, URL components, e-mail, files, filenames, databases, and any external systems that provide data to the application. Remember that such inputs may be obtained indirectly through API calls.
Many open redirect problems occur because the programmer assumed that certain inputs could not be modified, such as cookies and hidden form fields.
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Operation
Use an application firewall that can detect attacks against this weakness. It can be beneficial in cases in which the code cannot be fixed (because it is controlled by a third party), as an emergency prevention measure while more comprehensive software assurance measures are applied, or to provide defense in depth [REF-1481].
Source: MITRE CWE-601
1,068 results · Clear filters · Feed
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Medium 6.9
URL redirection in Samsung Account prior to version 15.5.01.1 allows local attackers to potentially get access token.
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Medium 4.9
Mirror-registry: quay: quay: server-side request forgery via open redirect vulnerability in web interface
A flaw was found in mirror-registry where an authenticated user can trick the system into accessing unintended internal or restricted systems by providing malicious web addresses. When the application processes these addresses, it automatically follows redire…
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Medium 5.9
@backstage/plugin-auth-backend: OAuth redirect URI allowlist bypass
Backstage is an open framework for building developer portals. Prior to 0.27.1, the experimental OIDC provider in @backstage/plugin-auth-backend is vulnerable to a redirect URI allowlist bypass. Instances that have enabled experimental Dynamic Client Registra…
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Medium 6.1
WellChoose｜IFTOP - Open redirect
IFTOP developed by WellChoose has an Open redirect vulnerability, allowing authenticated remote attackers to craft a URL that tricks users into visiting malicious website.
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Medium 6.5
Unauthenticated Open Redirect allows URL Manipulation in Web Interface
A vulnerability in the web-based management interface of AOS-CX Switches could allow an unauthenticated remote attacker to redirect users to an arbitrary URL.
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Medium 5.4
actix-web-lab has host header poisoning in redirect middleware can generate attacker-controlled absolute redirects
### Summary `actix-web-lab` redirect middleware uses request-derived host information to construct absolute redirect URLs (for example, `https://{hostname}{path}`). In deployments without strict host allowlisting, an attacker can supply a malicious Host heade…
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Medium 6.9
Sylius has an Open Redirect via Referer Header
Sylius is an Open Source eCommerce Framework on Symfony. CurrencySwitchController::switchAction(), ImpersonateUserController::impersonateAction() and StorageBasedLocaleSwitcher::handle() use the HTTP Referer header directly when redirecting. The attack requir…
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Medium 6.1
An issue pertaining to CWE-601: URL Redirection to Untrusted Site was discovered in Sunbird-Ed SunbirdEd-portal v1.13.4.
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Medium 6.1
An issue pertaining to CWE-601: URL Redirection to Untrusted Site was discovered in linagora Twake v2023.Q1.1223. This …
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Medium 4.7
WordPress B2BKing Premium plugin < 5.4.20 - Open Redirection vulnerability
URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect') vulnerability in Kings Plugins B2BKing Premium allows Phishing.This issue affects B2BKing Premium: from n/a before 5.4.20.
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Medium 5.3
Products.isurlinportal: Possible open redirect when using more than 2 forward slashes
Products.isurlinportal is a replacement for isURLInPortal method in Plone. Prior to versions 2.1.0, 3.1.0, and 4.0.0, a url /login?came_from=////evil.example may redirect to an external website after login. This issue has been patched in versions 2.1.0, 3.1.0…
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Medium 4.3
django-allauth has an open redirect vulnerability
An open redirect vulnerability exists in django-allauth versions prior to 65.14.1 when SAML IdP initiated SSO is enabled (it is disabled by default), which may allow an attacker to redirect users to an arbitrary external website via a crafted URL.
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Medium 6.9
AFFiNE: Open Redirect via Regex Bypass in redirect-proxy
AFFiNE is an open-source, all-in-one workspace and an operating system. Prior to version 0.26.0, there is an Open Redirect vulnerability located at the /redirect-proxy endpoint. The flaw exists in the domain validation logic, where an improperly anchored Regu…
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Medium 4.3
Gradio has Open Redirect in OAuth Flow
Gradio is an open-source Python package designed for quick prototyping. Prior to version 6.6.0, the _redirect_to_target() function in Gradio's OAuth flow accepts an unvalidated _target_url query parameter, allowing redirection to arbitrary external URLs. This…
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Medium 6.9
Angular SSR has an Open Redirect via X-Forwarded-Prefix
The Angular SSR is a server-rise rendering tool for Angular applications. An Open Redirect vulnerability exists in the internal URL processing logic in versions on the 19.x branch prior to 19.2.21, the 20.x branch prior to 20.3.17, and the 21.x branch prior t…
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Medium 6.1
BigBlueButton has Open Redirect vulnerability in ApiController
BigBlueButton is an open-source virtual classroom. In versions on the 3.x branch prior to 3.0.20, the string received with errorRedirectUrl lacks validation, using it directly in the respondWithRedirect function leads to an Open Redirect vulnerability. BigBlu…
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Medium 4.3
In JetBrains TeamCity before 2025.11.3 open redirect was possible in the React project creation flow
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Medium 6.1
OpenEMR has Open Redirect in Eye Exam Form
OpenEMR is a free and open source electronic health records and medical practice management application. Prior to version 8.0.0, the Eye Exam form module allows any authenticated user to be redirected to an arbitrary external URL. This can be exploited for ph…
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Medium 4.3
horilla-opensource horilla Query Parameter global_search.py get redirect
A vulnerability was detected in horilla-opensource horilla up to 1.0.2. This issue affects the function get of the file horilla_generics/global_search.py of the component Query Parameter Handler. The manipulation of the argument prev_url results in open redir…
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Medium 4.3
Conditional CAPTCHA <= 4.0.0 - Open Redirect
The Conditional CAPTCHA WordPress plugin through 4.0.0 does not validate a parameter before redirecting the user to its value, leading to an Open Redirect issue
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Medium 6.1
SPIP < 4.4.5 Open Redirect via Login Form
SPIP before 4.4.5 and 4.3.9 allows an Open Redirect via the login form when used in AJAX mode. An attacker can craft a malicious URL that, when visited by a victim, redirects them to an arbitrary external site after login. This vulnerability only affects site…
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Medium 4.7
WordPress Update URLs – Quick and Easy way to search old links and replace them with new links in WordPress plugin <= 1.4.0 - Open Redirection vulnerability
URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect') vulnerability in KaizenCoders Update URLs – Quick and Easy way to search old links and replace them with new links in WordPress update-urls allows Phishing.This issue affects Update URLs – Quick and Easy way…
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Medium 4.7
chi has an open redirect vulnerability in the RedirectSlashes middleware
An Open Redirect vulnerability in the go-chi/chi >=5.2.2 RedirectSlashes function allows remote attackers to redirect victim users to malicious websites using the legitimate website domain.
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Medium 4.7
URL Shortify <= 1.12.1 - Unauthenticated Open Redirect via 'redirect_to' Parameter
The URL Shortify plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Open Redirect in all versions up to, and including, 1.12.1 due to insufficient validation on the 'redirect_to' parameter in the promotional dismissal handler. This makes it possible for unauthenticated at…
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Medium 6.1
Frontend Post Submission Manager Lite <= 1.2.7 - Unauthenticated Open Redirect via 'requested_page' Parameter
The Frontend Post Submission Manager Lite plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Open Redirection in all versions up to, and including, 1.2.7 due to insufficient validation on the 'requested_page' POST parameter in the verify_username_password function. This m…
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Medium 6.8
Multiple vulnerabilities in IBM Java SDK affecting Db2 Recovery Expert for Linux, Unix and Windows
IBM DB2 Recovery Expert for LUW 5.5 Interim Fix 002 could allow a remote attacker to conduct phishing attacks, using an open redirect attack. By persuading a victim to visit a specially crafted Web site, a remote attacker could exploit this vulnerability to s…
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Medium 4.3
Open Redirect in TR7's Web Application Firewall
URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect') vulnerability in TR7 Cyber Defense Inc. Web Application Firewall allows Phishing. This issue affects Web Application Firewall: from 4.30 before v1.4.0.117.
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Medium 4.3CVE-2025-65717 Public exploit
An issue in Visual Studio Code Extensions Live Server v5.7.9 allows attackers to exfiltrate files via user interaction …
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Medium 6.9
FastGPT Plugin forwarding request is not authenticated, posing a serious risk of attack
FastGPT is an AI Agent building platform. From 4.14.0 to 4.14.5, attackers can directly access the plugin system through FastGPT/api/plugin/xxx without authentication, thereby threatening the plugin system. This may cause the plugin system to crash and the lo…
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Medium 6.1
Frappe Affected by XSS and Open Redirect in Sign Up
Frappe is a full-stack web application framework. Prior to 14.99.14 and 15.94.0, an attacker could craft a malicious signup URL for a frappe site which could lead to an open redirect (or reflected XSS, depending on the crafted payload) when a user signs up. T…
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Medium 6.1
Open Redirection vulnerability in Business Server Pages Application (TAF_APPLAUNCHER)
SAP TAF_APPLAUNCHER within Business Server Pages allows unauthenticated attacker to craft malicious links that, when clicked by a victim, redirect them to attacker?controlled sites, potentially exposing or altering sensitive information in the victim�s browse…
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Medium 6.1
Multiple vulnerabilities in BSP Applications of SAP Document Management System
The BSP applications allow an unauthenticated user to inject malicious script content via user-controlled URL parameters that are not sufficiently sanitized. When a victim accesses a crafted URL, the injected script is executed in the victim�s browser, leadin…
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Medium 6.5
Missing Authorization check in SAP NetWeaver Application Server ABAP and SAP S/4HANA
Due to missing authorization check in SAP NetWeaver Application Server ABAP and SAP S/4HANA, an authenticated attacker could access a specific transaction code and modify the text data in the system. This vulnerability has a high impact on integrity of the ap…
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Medium 6.9
A vulnerability has been found in FAST/TOOLS provided by Yokogawa Electric Corporation. This product does not properly …
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Medium 4.3
mwielgoszewski doorman views.py is_safe_url redirect
A vulnerability was determined in mwielgoszewski doorman up to 0.6. This issue affects the function is_safe_url of the file doorman/users/views.py. Executing a manipulation of the argument Next can lead to open redirect. The attack may be launched remotely. T…
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Medium 6.1
client-certificate-auth has an Open Redirect via Host Header Injection in HTTP-to-HTTPS redirect
client-certificate-auth is middleware for Node.js implementing client SSL certificate authentication/authorization. Versions 0.2.1 and 0.3.0 of client-certificate-auth contain an open redirect vulnerability. The middleware unconditionally redirects HTTP reque…
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Medium 4.7
web2py has an Open Redirect Vulnerability
web2py versions 2.27.1-stable+timestamp.2023.11.16.08.03.57 and prior contain an open redirect vulnerability. If this vulnerability is exploited, the user may be redirected to an arbitrary website when accessing a specially crafted URL. As a result, the user …
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Medium 4.3
Cisco Prime Infrastructure and Evolved Programmable Network Manager Open Redirect Vulnerability
A vulnerability in the web-based management interface of Cisco Evolved Programmable Network Manager (EPNM) and Cisco Prime Infrastructure could allow an unauthenticated, remote attacker to redirect a user to a malicious web page. This vulnerability is due to …
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Medium 6.1
WireGuard Portal v2 has Open Redirect Vulnerability in OAuth Authentication Flow
### Summary An Open Redirect vulnerability exists in the OAuth authentication flow that allows attackers to redirect users to external malicious websites after authentication. The vulnerability is caused by insufficient validation of the return parameter in t…
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Medium 5.7
NocoDB has Unvalidated Redirect in Login Flow via continueAfterSignIn Parameter
NocoDB is software for building databases as spreadsheets. Prior to version 0.301.0, an unvalidated redirect (open redirect) vulnerability exists in NocoDB’s login flow due to missing validation of the `continueAfterSignIn` parameter. During authentication, N…