Weakness (CWE)
CWE-601: URL Redirection to Untrusted Site
The web application accepts a user-controlled input that specifies a link to an external site, and uses that link in a redirect.
How to prevent it (6 mitigations)
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Implementation
Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
Use a list of approved URLs or domains to be used for redirection.
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Architecture and Design
Use an intermediate disclaimer page that provides the user with a clear warning that they are leaving the current site. Implement a long timeout before the redirect occurs, or force the user to click on the link. Be careful to avoid XSS problems (CWE-79) when generating the disclaimer page.
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Architecture and Design
When the set of acceptable objects, such as filenames or URLs, is limited or known, create a mapping from a set of fixed input values (such as numeric IDs) to the actual filenames or URLs, and reject all other inputs.
For example, ID 1 could map to "/login.asp" and ID 2 could map to "http://www.example.com/". Features such as the ESAPI AccessReferenceMap [REF-45] provide this capability.
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Architecture and Design
Ensure that no externally-supplied requests are honored by requiring that all redirect requests include a unique nonce generated by the application [REF-483]. Be sure that the nonce is not predictable (CWE-330).
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Architecture and Design, Implementation
Understand all the potential areas where untrusted inputs can enter your software: parameters or arguments, cookies, anything read from the network, environment variables, reverse DNS lookups, query results, request headers, URL components, e-mail, files, filenames, databases, and any external systems that provide data to the application. Remember that such inputs may be obtained indirectly through API calls.
Many open redirect problems occur because the programmer assumed that certain inputs could not be modified, such as cookies and hidden form fields.
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Operation
Use an application firewall that can detect attacks against this weakness. It can be beneficial in cases in which the code cannot be fixed (because it is controlled by a third party), as an emergency prevention measure while more comprehensive software assurance measures are applied, or to provide defense in depth [REF-1481].
Source: MITRE CWE-601
1,466 results · Feed
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Medium 4.3
Jenkins OpenShift Login Plugin vulnerable to Open Redirect
Jenkins OpenShift Login Plugin 1.1.0.227.v27e08dfb_1a_20 and earlier improperly determines that a redirect URL after login is legitimately pointing to Jenkins, allowing attackers to perform phishing attacks.
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Medium 6.3
Open Redirect in alextselegidis/easyappointments
Open Redirect in GitHub repository alextselegidis/easyappointments prior to 1.5.0.
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Medium 6.1
yt-dlp File Downloader cookie leak
yt-dlp is a command-line program to download videos from video sites. During file downloads, yt-dlp or the external downloaders that yt-dlp employs may leak cookies on HTTP redirects to a different host, or leak them when the host for download fragments diffe…
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Medium 5.4
Novu Open Redirect Vulnerability in Sign-In with GitHub Functionality
Novu provides an API for sending notifications through multiple channels. Versions prior to 0.16.0 contain an open redirect vulnerability in the "Sign In with GitHub" functionality of Novu's open-source repository. It could have allowed an attacker to force a…
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Low 3.0
Open Redirect in go-gitea/gitea
Open Redirect in GitHub repository go-gitea/gitea prior to 1.19.4.
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Medium 4.1
Nextcloud Server vulnerable to open redirect on "Unsupported browser" warning
NextCloud Server and NextCloud Enterprise Server provide file storage for Nextcloud, a self-hosted productivity platform. Starting in version 26.0.0 and prior to version 26.0.2, an attacker could supply a URL that redirects an unsuspecting victim from a legit…
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Medium 6.1
Blogengine.net 3.3.8.0 and earlier is vulnerable to Open Redirect.
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Medium 6.1
Liferay Portal and Liferay DXP Vulnerable to Open Redirect via the Layout Module
Open redirect vulnerability in the Layout module's SEO configuration in Liferay Portal 7.4.3.70 through 7.4.3.76, and Liferay DXP 7.4 update 70 through 76 allows remote attackers to redirect users to arbitrary external URLs via the `_com_liferay_layout_admin_…
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Medium 5.4
Open Redirect on AEM Target
Adobe Experience Manager versions 6.5.16.0 (and earlier) is affected by a URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect') vulnerability. A low-privilege authenticated attacker could leverage this vulnerability to redirect users to malicious websites. Expl…
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Medium 6.1
@keystone-6/auth Open Redirect vulnerability
Keystone is a content management system for Node.JS. There is an open redirect in the `@keystone-6/auth` package versions 7.0.0 and prior, where the redirect leading `/` filter can be bypassed. Users may be redirected to domains other than the relative host, …
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Medium 6.1
Landscape Open Redirect
Landscape allowed URLs which caused open redirection.
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Medium 4.3
WooSidebars Sidebar Manager Converter Plugin class-woosidebars-sbm-converter.php process_request redirect
A vulnerability, which was classified as problematic, was found in WooSidebars Sidebar Manager Converter Plugin up to 1.1.1 on WordPress. This affects the function process_request of the file classes/class-woosidebars-sbm-converter.php. The manipulation leads…
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Medium 4.3
WooSidebars Plugin class-woo-sidebars.php enable_custom_post_sidebars redirect
A vulnerability, which was classified as problematic, has been found in WooSidebars Plugin up to 1.4.1 on WordPress. Affected by this issue is the function enable_custom_post_sidebars of the file classes/class-woo-sidebars.php. The manipulation of the argumen…
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Low 3.5
WooFramework Tweaks Plugin wooframework-tweaks.php admin_screen_logic redirect
A vulnerability classified as problematic was found in WooFramework Tweaks Plugin up to 1.0.1 on WordPress. Affected by this vulnerability is the function admin_screen_logic of the file wooframework-tweaks.php. The manipulation of the argument url leads to op…
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Medium 5.4
Frontend Post WordPress Plugin <= 2.8.4 - Contributor+ Arbitrary Redirect
The Frontend Post WordPress Plugin WordPress plugin through 2.8.4 does not validate an attribute of one of its shortcode, which could allow users with a role as low as contributor to add a malicious shortcode to a page/post, which will redirect users to an ar…
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Medium 4.3
WooFramework Branding Plugin wooframework-branding.php admin_screen_logic redirect
A vulnerability classified as problematic has been found in WooFramework Branding Plugin up to 1.0.1 on WordPress. Affected is the function admin_screen_logic of the file wooframework-branding.php. The manipulation of the argument url leads to open redirect. …
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High 8.1
After downloading a Windows <code>.url</code> shortcut from the local filesystem, an attacker could supply a remote pat…
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Medium 4.8
In JetBrains TeamCity before 2023.05 open redirect during oAuth configuration was possible
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Medium 6.1
VMware Workspace ONE Access and VMware Identity Manager contain an insecure redirect vulnerability. An unauthenticated …
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Medium 6.1
Avaya IX Workforce Engagement - CWE-601: URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect')
Avaya IX Workforce Engagement v15.2.7.1195 - CWE-601: URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect')
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Medium 6.1
Open redirect in Tornado
Open redirect vulnerability in Tornado versions 6.3.1 and earlier allows a remote unauthenticated attacker to redirect a user to an arbitrary web site and conduct a phishing attack by having user access a specially crafted URL.
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High 7.1
Devices using Snap One OvrC cloud are sent to a web address when accessing a web management interface using a HTTP conn…
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Medium 4.7
URL Redirection to Untrusted Site in XWiki
XWiki Platform is a generic wiki platform offering runtime services for applications built on top of it. In versions prior to 14.10.4 it's possible to exploit well known parameters in XWiki URLs to perform redirection to untrusted site. This vulnerability was…
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Medium 6.1
BUG-000155001 - Unvalidated redirect in Portal for ArcGIS.
There is an unvalidated redirect vulnerability in Esri Portal for ArcGIS 11.0 and below that may allow a remote, unauthenticated attacker to craft a URL that could redirect a victim to an arbitrary website, simplifying phishing attacks.
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Medium 4.8
Tauri Open Redirect Vulnerability Possibly Exposes IPC to External Sites
Tauri is software for building applications for multi-platform deployment. The Tauri IPC is usually strictly isolated from external websites, but in versions 1.0.0 until 1.0.9, 1.1.0 until 1.1.4, and 1.2.0 until 1.2.5, the isolation can be bypassed by redirec…
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Medium 6.1
Open redirect vulnerability in typecho 1.1-17.10.30-release via the referer parameter to Login.php.
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Low 3.9
A URL redirection to untrusted site ('Open Redirect') vulnerability [CWE-601] in FortiNAC-F version 7.2.0, FortiNAC ver…
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Medium 5.4
Unrestricted navigation due to unvalidated mattermost server redirection
Mattermost Desktop App fails to validate a mattermost server redirection and navigates to an arbitrary website
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Low 3.5
Icons for Features Plugin class-icons-for-features-admin.php redirect
A vulnerability, which was classified as problematic, has been found in Icons for Features Plugin 1.0.0 on WordPress. Affected by this issue is some unknown functionality of the file classes/class-icons-for-features-admin.php. The manipulation of the argument…
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Medium 5.4
Silverstripe Framework has open redirect vulnerability on CMSSecurity relogin screen
Silverstripe Framework is the Model-View-Controller framework that powers the Silverstripe content management system. Prior to version 4.12.15, an attacker can display a link to a third party website on a login screen by convincing a legitimate content author…
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Medium 6.1
lorawan-stack has open redirect vulnerability
lorawan-stack is an open source LoRaWAN network server. Prior to version 3.24.1, an open redirect exists on the login page of the lorawan stack server, allowing an attacker to supply a user controlled redirect upon sign in. This issue may allows malicious act…
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Medium 6.3
Freshdesk Plugin redirect
A vulnerability, which was classified as critical, has been found in Freshdesk Plugin 1.7 on WordPress. Affected by this issue is some unknown functionality. The manipulation leads to open redirect. The attack may be launched remotely. Upgrading to version 1.…
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Medium 4.7CVE-2023-29204 Scanner template
URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect') in org.xwiki.platform:xwiki-platform-oldcore
XWiki Commons are technical libraries common to several other top level XWiki projects. It is possible to bypass the existing security measures put in place to avoid open redirect by using a redirect such as `//mydomain.com` (i.e. omitting the `http:`). It wa…
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Medium 5.5
There exists an open redirect within the response list update functionality of ServiceNow. This allows attackers to red…
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Medium 4.1
A url redirection to untrusted site ('open redirect') in Fortinet FortiOS version 7.2.0 through 7.2.3, FortiOS version …
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Medium 6.1
Dell Streaming Data Platform prior to 1.4 contains Open Redirect vulnerability. A remote unauthenticated attacker can p…
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Low 3.9
This vulnerability allows local attackers to execute arbitrary code on affected installations of Samsung Galaxy S21 pri…
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Medium 5.4
`authority-regex` returns the wrong authority in lambdaisland/uri
lambdaisland/uri is a pure Clojure/ClojureScript URI library. In versions prior to 1.14.120 `authority-regex` allows an attacker to send malicious URLs to be parsed by the `lambdaisland/uri` and return the wrong authority. This issue is similar to but distinc…
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Medium 6.1
keycloak-connect contains Open redirect vulnerability in the Node.js adapter
A flaw was found in the Keycloak Node.js Adapter. This flaw allows an attacker to benefit from an Open Redirect vulnerability in the checkSso function.
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Low 3.5
Arno0x TwoFactorAuth login.php redirect
A vulnerability classified as problematic has been found in Arno0x TwoFactorAuth. This affects an unknown part of the file login/login.php. The manipulation of the argument from leads to open redirect. It is possible to initiate the attack remotely. This prod…