Weakness (CWE)
CWE-601: URL Redirection to Untrusted Site
The web application accepts a user-controlled input that specifies a link to an external site, and uses that link in a redirect.
How to prevent it (6 mitigations)
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Implementation
Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
Use a list of approved URLs or domains to be used for redirection.
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Architecture and Design
Use an intermediate disclaimer page that provides the user with a clear warning that they are leaving the current site. Implement a long timeout before the redirect occurs, or force the user to click on the link. Be careful to avoid XSS problems (CWE-79) when generating the disclaimer page.
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Architecture and Design
When the set of acceptable objects, such as filenames or URLs, is limited or known, create a mapping from a set of fixed input values (such as numeric IDs) to the actual filenames or URLs, and reject all other inputs.
For example, ID 1 could map to "/login.asp" and ID 2 could map to "http://www.example.com/". Features such as the ESAPI AccessReferenceMap [REF-45] provide this capability.
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Architecture and Design
Ensure that no externally-supplied requests are honored by requiring that all redirect requests include a unique nonce generated by the application [REF-483]. Be sure that the nonce is not predictable (CWE-330).
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Architecture and Design, Implementation
Understand all the potential areas where untrusted inputs can enter your software: parameters or arguments, cookies, anything read from the network, environment variables, reverse DNS lookups, query results, request headers, URL components, e-mail, files, filenames, databases, and any external systems that provide data to the application. Remember that such inputs may be obtained indirectly through API calls.
Many open redirect problems occur because the programmer assumed that certain inputs could not be modified, such as cookies and hidden form fields.
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Operation
Use an application firewall that can detect attacks against this weakness. It can be beneficial in cases in which the code cannot be fixed (because it is controlled by a third party), as an emergency prevention measure while more comprehensive software assurance measures are applied, or to provide defense in depth [REF-1481].
Source: MITRE CWE-601
1,460 results · Feed
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Medium 6.5
Active Directory Federation Services (AD FS) Spoofing Vulnerability
Url redirection to untrusted site ('open redirect') in Active Directory Federation Services (AD FS) allows an unauthorized attacker to perform spoofing over a network.
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Medium 4.8
Active Directory Federation Services (AD FS) Spoofing Vulnerability
Url redirection to untrusted site ('open redirect') in Active Directory Federation Services (AD FS) allows an authorized attacker to perform spoofing over a network.
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Medium 6.1
Windows BitLocker Security Feature Bypass Vulnerability
Url redirection to untrusted site ('open redirect') in Windows BitLocker allows an unauthorized attacker to bypass a security feature with a physical attack.
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Medium 5.1
Frappe: Open Redirect via Unsanitized OAuth State Param.
Frappe is a full-stack web application framework. Prior to 15.116.0 and 16.29.0, the OAuth login flow uses an unsanitized client-controlled state parameter to select post-authentication navigation, allowing a crafted state value to redirect a user to an attac…
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Medium 4.3
PublicCMS pay Endpoint SafeConfigComponent.java SafeConfigComponent.getSafeUrl redirect
A vulnerability was determined in PublicCMS up to 5.202608.a. Affected by this issue is the function SafeConfigComponent.getSafeUrl of the file publiccms-core/src/main/java/com/publiccms/logic/component/config/SafeConfigComponent.java of the component pay End…
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Medium 5.8
URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect') in GitLab
GitLab has remediated an issue in GitLab CE/EE affecting all versions from 13.11 before 19.2.8, 19.3 before 19.3.5, and 19.4 before 19.4.2 that, under certain conditions, could have allowed an authenticated user controlling a Kubernetes agent to cause sensiti…
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Medium 6.1
Open Redirect Vulnerability in SAP NetWeaver Enterprise Portal
SAP NetWeaver Enterprise Portal does not sufficiently validate input to a certain portal component. An unauthenticated attacker could craft a malicious link that, when clicked by a victim, loads attacker-controlled content within the trusted application conte…
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Medium 6.1
HoloViz Panel from 1.2.2 before 1.9.0 Open Redirect via next Parameter
HoloViz Panel from 1.2.2 before 1.9.0 contains an open redirect vulnerability in panel/auth.py that allows remote attackers to redirect users by supplying an unvalidated next query parameter. BasicLoginHandler and PasswordLoginHandler store the parameter in a…
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Critical 9.1
Apache Allura: OAuth1 missing callback validation
OAuth1 callback validation vulnerability in Apache Allura. This issue affects Apache Allura: through 1.21.0. Users are recommended to upgrade to version 1.22.0, which fixes the issue.
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Medium 6.1
CVE-2026-103523
Thelia v2.6.0 contains an open redirect vulnerability in its address creation workflow. After a user accesses a crafted URL and successfully submits the “Add New Address” form, the application redirects them to the URL specified in the `next` parameter. Becau…
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Critical 9.3
TinaCMS admin preview iframe loads an attacker-controlled origin from the URL fragment
Tina is a headless content management system. Prior to tinacms 3.14.0 and @tinacms/app 2.5.14, the /~/* admin preview route in packages/tinacms/src/admin/index.tsx can turn an attacker-controlled hash-router splat into an off-origin iframe URL through package…
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Medium 6.1
Apache CXF: OIDC RP Open Redirect
Apache CXF’s OIDC relying-party component could redirect users to an attacker-controlled URL after successful authentication. The issue occurs because attacker-controlled state parameters are preserved and later used as redirect targets without validating tha…
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Medium 6.1
AdonisJS: Unencoded route parameters can produce open redirects
AdonisJS HTTP Server is a package for handling HTTP requests in the AdonisJS framework. Prior to 8.2.3 and 9.3.0, AdonisJS HTTP Server inserts route parameter values into URLs without encodeURIComponent in the shared createURL() helper used by Router.makeUrl(…
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Medium 4.3
Security Advisory 0187
Insufficient validation of request in login flow could allow a remote, unauthenticated attacker to craft a URL that, when clicked by a user, redirects the user's browser to an arbitrary external site upon completion of the authentication process.
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High 8.0
Security Advisory 0187
Insufficient validation in the Single Sign-On (SSO) login flow could allow a remote, unauthenticated attacker to craft a URL that, when clicked by a user, causes the identity provider (IdP) to deliver authentication material to an attacker-controlled URL inst…
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Medium 6.1
Open redirect in AppManifest in Google Chrome prior to 155.0.8059.39 allowed a remote attacker leveraging social engine…
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Medium 6.1
Payload: Untrusted redirect URL parameter exploit
Payload is a free and open source headless content management system. In versions from 3.40.0 before 3.88.0 and canary versions before 4.0.0-canary.27, an attacker can craft a redirect URL parameter that sends a guest user to an untrusted destination after th…
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Medium 5.1
Open Redirect in PingGateway Fragment Filter
An open redirect vulnerability exists in the PingGateway Fragment Filter feature. This issue affects PingGateway versions 7.1.0 and later, 2023.2.0 through 2024.11.1, and 2025.3.0 through 2025.11.1. It is fixed in versions 2024.11.2, 2025.11.2, and 2026.3.0 (…
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Medium 5.3
Joomla Extension - svenbluege.de - Cross-site scripting and open redirect on the share mini page in Event Gallery extension < 6.6.0
Joomla Extension - svenbluege.de - Cross-site scripting and open redirect on the share mini page in Event Gallery extension < 6.6.0 - The page a shared image link opens (the share mini page of the front end) can link the article the image was shared from when…
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Medium 5.4
LaraDashboard before 1.4.8 Open Redirect via Email Template Builder redirect_url
LaraDashboard before 1.4.8 contains an open redirect vulnerability that allows remote attackers to redirect users by supplying an unvalidated redirect_url parameter to EmailTemplateController builder and builderEdit. Attackers can send crafted builder links t…
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Medium 4.7
WordPress Aculect AI Companion plugin <= 0.8.2 - Unvalidated Redirects and Forwards vulnerability
URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect') vulnerability in Mehul Gohil Aculect AI Companion aculect-ai-companion allows Phishing.This issue affects Aculect AI Companion: from n/a through 0.8.2.
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Medium 6.1
Giveaways and Contests by RafflePress < 1.12.27 - Unauthenticated Stored Open Redirect via 'parent_url' Parameter
The Giveaways and Contests by RafflePress WordPress plugin before 1.12.27 does not properly validate a giveaway's parent page URL before saving it and later redirecting visitors to it, allowing unauthenticated attackers to make the site's own giveaway confirm…
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Medium 5.1
OpenRun: Redirect URL validation bypass using //host paths leads to Open Redirect
OpenRun is an open-source, self-hosted GitOps platform for deploying web apps and internal tools to Docker or Kubernetes. Prior to version 0.17.7, the restrictions on redirect URLs in openrun can be bypassed by attackers, leading to open redirect attacks. Thi…
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Medium 6.1
Oauth-proxy: open redirect via /\ and /\t bypass in post-login redirect
A flaw was found in oauth-proxy. The application fails to properly validate the destination redirect parameter (`rd`) during post-login redirection. A remote attacker can exploit this vulnerability by enticing a user to follow a specially crafted link, result…
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Medium 4.3
Kiteworks Core content injection
Kiteworks Core before version 9.5.1 is vulnerable to Content Injection. A URL parameter in the PDF viewer was insufficiently validated, allowing an attacker-controlled document to be loaded and displayed under the trust of the legitimate application domain. T…
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Low 3.4
Safe Redirect Manager < 2.3.0 - Open Redirect via Wildcard Redirect Rules
The Safe Redirect Manager WordPress plugin before 2.3.0 does not properly validate the redirect destination when a wildcard redirect rule to an absolute URL is configured, allowing unauthenticated attackers to redirect visitors to an arbitrary external websit…
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Medium 6.1
Open Redirect in Special:Book
URL redirection to untrusted site ('open redirect') vulnerability in The Wikimedia Foundation Mediawiki - Collection extension allows Fake the Source of Data. This issue affects Mediawiki - Collection extension: before 1.46.1, 1.45.5, 1.43.10.
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Medium 4.7
Dockhand < 1.0.36 Open Redirect via OIDC Initiation Endpoint
Dockhand before 1.0.36 contains an open redirect vulnerability in the OIDC initiation endpoint that allows unauthenticated remote attackers to redirect authenticated users to attacker-controlled sites by injecting an unvalidated redirect query parameter. Atta…
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Medium 5.4
Dell Secure Connect Gateway (SCG) Policy Manager, versions prior to 5.34.00.16, contains an URL Redirection to Untruste…
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Medium 4.3
HPE OneView - URL Redirect vulnerability
A vulnerability in HPE OneView can be remotely exploited to cause a URL redirect.
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High 7.0
Axios: maxRedirects: 0 is not enforced by the fetch adapter, allowing redirect-based SSRF
Axios is a promise-based HTTP client for the browser and Node.js. From 1.17.0 until 1.20.0, the fetch adapter bypasses the maxRedirects: 0 redirect policy. An Axios request uses the fetch adapter with maxRedirects set to zero and receives a redirect response.…
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Critical 9.8
Nezha through 2.2.3 Host Header Injection via OAuth2 redirect_uri
Nezha 2.2.3 contains a Host header injection regression in the OAuth2 redirect endpoint. When the new optional dashboard_host setting is empty, /api/v1/oauth2/{provider} (cmd/dashboard/controller/oauth2.go) reflects the attacker-supplied HTTP Host header into…
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Medium 5.3
Joomla Extension - svenbluege.de - Reflected XSS and open redirect in Event Gallery extension < 6.5.0
Joomla Extension - svenbluege.de - Reflected XSS and open redirect in Event Gallery extension < 6.5.0 - The “return” parameter is base64-decoded and written to the “Back” link without being validated.
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Medium 6.1
Cotonti through 1.0.0 Open Redirect via message.php redirect parameter
Cotonti through 1.0.0 contains an open redirect vulnerability in message.php that base64-decodes the redirect parameter without domain validation. Unauthenticated attackers can craft malicious links with encoded external URLs to redirect users to arbitrary si…
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Medium 4.3
YunaiV/zhijiantianya ruoyi-vue-pro OAuth2 Client OAuth2ClientServiceImpl.java validOAuthClientFromCache redirect
A security flaw has been discovered in YunaiV/zhijiantianya ruoyi-vue-pro up to 2026.08. Affected by this vulnerability is the function validOAuthClientFromCache of the file yudao-module-system/src/main/java/cn/iocoder/yudao/module/system/service/oauth2/OAuth…
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Medium 4.3
Edimax BR-6428nC goform websRedirect redirect
A flaw has been found in Edimax BR-6428nC 1.16. The impacted element is the function websRedirect of the component goform Handler. Executing a manipulation of the argument submit-url can lead to open redirect. The attack may be launched remotely. The exploit …
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Medium 4.3
Intelliants Subrion CMS Login Page login.php authorize redirect
A weakness has been identified in Intelliants Subrion CMS up to 4.2.1. This vulnerability affects the function iaUsers::authorize of the file front/login.php of the component Login Page. This manipulation of the argument $_SERVER['HTTP_REFERER'] causes open r…
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Medium 5.4
IBM Financial Transaction Manager (FTM) is Impacted by Multiple Vulnerabilities
IBM Financial Transaction Manager (FTM) for RedHat OpenShift is vulnerable to open redirect in the PMP `HostHeaderFilter` (`HostHeaderFilter.java:151`). An unauthenticated attacker can craft a request with a manipulated `Host` header to redirect authenticated…
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Medium 5.4CVE-2026-80444 Public exploit
Unauthenticated Open Redirect Vulnerability in Abis Technology's AVESİS
URL redirection to untrusted site ('open redirect') vulnerability in Abis Technology Ltd. Co. AVESİS allows Input Data Manipulation. This issue affects AVESİS: from 202608201331 before 202608240351.
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Medium 6.1
e621ng before 26.09.16 Open Redirect via URL Parameters
e621ng versions before 26.09.16 pass untrusted request parameters directly to Rails url_for in PaginatorComponent and controller navigation links, allowing attackers to redirect pagination and navigation controls to attacker-controlled origins. Attackers can …