Weakness (CWE)
CWE-601: URL Redirection to Untrusted Site
The web application accepts a user-controlled input that specifies a link to an external site, and uses that link in a redirect.
How to prevent it (6 mitigations)
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Implementation
Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
Use a list of approved URLs or domains to be used for redirection.
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Architecture and Design
Use an intermediate disclaimer page that provides the user with a clear warning that they are leaving the current site. Implement a long timeout before the redirect occurs, or force the user to click on the link. Be careful to avoid XSS problems (CWE-79) when generating the disclaimer page.
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Architecture and Design
When the set of acceptable objects, such as filenames or URLs, is limited or known, create a mapping from a set of fixed input values (such as numeric IDs) to the actual filenames or URLs, and reject all other inputs.
For example, ID 1 could map to "/login.asp" and ID 2 could map to "http://www.example.com/". Features such as the ESAPI AccessReferenceMap [REF-45] provide this capability.
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Architecture and Design
Ensure that no externally-supplied requests are honored by requiring that all redirect requests include a unique nonce generated by the application [REF-483]. Be sure that the nonce is not predictable (CWE-330).
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Architecture and Design, Implementation
Understand all the potential areas where untrusted inputs can enter your software: parameters or arguments, cookies, anything read from the network, environment variables, reverse DNS lookups, query results, request headers, URL components, e-mail, files, filenames, databases, and any external systems that provide data to the application. Remember that such inputs may be obtained indirectly through API calls.
Many open redirect problems occur because the programmer assumed that certain inputs could not be modified, such as cookies and hidden form fields.
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Operation
Use an application firewall that can detect attacks against this weakness. It can be beneficial in cases in which the code cannot be fixed (because it is controlled by a third party), as an emergency prevention measure while more comprehensive software assurance measures are applied, or to provide defense in depth [REF-1481].
Source: MITRE CWE-601
1,461 results · Feed
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Low 2.8
A url redirection to untrusted site ('open redirect') vulnerability in Fortinet FortiSIEM 7.5.0 through 7.5.1, FortiSIE…
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Medium 5.1
MISP User Homepage Validation Allows Authenticated Open Redirect via Protocol-Relative URL
Affected versions of MISP validate the user-configurable homepage by checking only whether the supplied path begins with /. That check is insufficient because protocol-relative URLs such as //attacker.example also begin with / but resolve to an external origi…
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Medium 5.4
wger before 2.6 Open Redirect via trainer-login next parameter
wger before 2.6 (affected versions <= 2.5.0) contains an open redirect vulnerability in the trainer_login view (wger/core/views/user.py). After a trainer enters impersonation mode, the view redirects to the user-supplied 'next' GET parameter via HttpResponseR…
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Medium 5.4
h3 before 2.0.1-rc.18 Open Redirect via redirectBack()
h3 versions before 2.0.1-rc.18 contain an open redirect vulnerability in the redirectBack() utility that fails to sanitize protocol-relative paths in the Referer header pathname. Attackers can craft a same-origin URL with a double-slash path segment that pass…
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Medium 4.3
Accept Stripe Payments < 2.1.4 - Open Redirect via IPN Handler
The Accept Stripe Payments WordPress plugin before 2.1.4 does not validate a user-supplied URL before using it in a redirect, allowing unauthenticated attackers to redirect visitors to an arbitrary external website, which can be leveraged for phishing.
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Medium 4.3
Dub Open Redirect via Unrestricted redir_url Parameter
Dub contains an open redirect vulnerability in the redir_url query parameter that is accepted on every short link without validation or domain allowlist enforcement. Attackers can append the redir_url parameter to any short link to redirect visitors to arbitr…
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High 7.1
Medplum - Improper Validation of Redirect URI in External Auth Callback allows Authorization Code Leakage
Medplum is a developer platform that enables development of healthcare apps. Prior to version 5.1.6, the external identity provider callback at GET /auth/external accepts attacker-controlled redirect URIs that only need to start with a registered client redir…
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Low 3.1
Waku: Open Redirect via `unstable_redirect` Helper
Waku is the minimal React framework. Prior to version 1.0.0-beta.1, the unstable_redirect() helper exported from waku/router/server (packages/waku/src/router/define-router.tsx:156–161) accepts an arbitrary string and reflects it unchanged into the HTTP Locati…
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Medium 4.3
Jenkins LDAP Plugin 807.809.vd3a_4e5e4ec98 and earlier allows connecting to a specified URL through Stapler data bindin…
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Medium 4.3
Freeipa: idm: idm/freeipa web ui - client-side open redirect in reset_password.html
reset_password.html parses query string parameters and uses the 'url' parameter as a redirection target (window.location = url) after password reset, optionally delayed by a 'delay' parameter. No validation or allowlisting is performed on url, enabling an att…
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Medium 5.4
Unauthenticated Open Redirect allows URL Manipulation in HPE Networking Fabric Composer Web Interface
A vulnerability in the web-based management interface of HPE Networking Fabric Composer could allow an unauthenticated remote attacker to redirect users to an arbitrary URL.
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Low 2.3
Unescaped path parameters in AshTypescript generated TypeScript client allow request redirection
URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect') vulnerability in ash-project ash_typescript allows an attacker who controls a path-parameter value to redirect a generated client's request, and the credentials attached to it, to an unintended route or an e…
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Medium 5.3
Joomla Extension - joomshaper.com - Privileged File Upload Bypass via Content Spoofing in Helix Ultimate < 2.2.10
Joomla Extension - joomshaper.com - Open Redirect via Base64 Return Parameter in Helix Ultimate < 2.2.10 - Return redirect parameters accepted arbitrary Base64 strings without verifying whether the resolved target was an internal site URL via Uri::isInternal.
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Medium 5.3
An Open Re-direct Vulnerability in Nokia NSP
NSP is vulnerable to an open redirect due to insufficient server-side validation of the URL (or redirect) parameter.
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Medium 4.7
Rodauth before 2.47.0 Open Redirect via Return-to Path
Rodauth before 2.47.0 fails to validate protocol-relative return-to paths in confirm_password, login_return_to_requested_location, and two_factor_auth_return_to_requested_location features. Attackers can craft paths with leading double slashes that browsers r…
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Medium 6.1
pac4j-core before 6.5.6 Open Redirect via Backslash Logout
pac4j-core before 6.5.6 contains an open redirect vulnerability in DefaultLogoutLogic.perform() that accepts backslash-prefixed logout redirect targets matching logoutUrlPattern. Attackers can craft logout links with backslash-prefixed external hosts that bro…
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Medium 4.7
MasterStudy LMS < 3.7.43 - Unauthenticated Open Redirect
The MasterStudy LMS WordPress Plugin WordPress plugin before 3.7.43 does not validate a redirect parameter supplied during user registration before using it, allowing unauthenticated attackers to redirect users to arbitrary external URLs.
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Medium 4.3
Pocket ID: Open Redirect on the OIDC /authorize page via unvalidated redirect_uri with prompt=none
Pocket ID is an OIDC provider that allows users to authenticate with their passkeys to services. From 2.6.0 until 2.9.0, frontend/src/routes/authorize/+page.ts reads the redirect_uri query parameter and frontend/src/routes/authorize/+page.svelte uses the raw …
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Medium 4.7
Twenty Open Redirect via OAuth Propagator Callback
Twenty through 2.35.0 contains an open redirect vulnerability in the OAuthPropagatorController.propagateOAuthCallback endpoint that treats the state query parameter as a redirect URL. Attackers can craft malicious requests to redirect users to arbitrary hosts…
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Medium 6.1
Spring Authorization Server: Open Redirect via request_uri parameter
In versions of Spring Authorization Server 1.5.0 through 1.5.7, the authorization endpoint performs insufficient validation of the request_uri parameter. An attacker can craft a request containing an invalid request_uri paired with an unvalidated redirect_uri…
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Medium 6.1
Spring Framework Open Redirect in UrlFileNameViewController
A Spring MVC application that uses UrlFileNameViewController that is mapped with an end-of-path, and does not have a configured prefix is vulnerable to an open redirect. Spring Framework 7.0.0 - 7.0.8 Spring Framework 6.2.0 - 6.2.19 Spring Framework 6.1.0 - 6…
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Medium 6.1CVE-2026-47883 Public exploit
Spring Framework Open Redirect in UrlHandlerFilter
UrlHandlerFilter can be vulnerable to an open redirect when configured with very broadly matching patterns. The issue applies to the filter variants in both Spring MVC and Spring WebFlux. Spring Framework 7.0.0 - 7.0.8 Spring Framework 6.2.0 - 6.2.19
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High 8.1
Stalwart Mail Server through 0.16.19 Authorization Code Disclosure via Unvalidated OAuth redirect_uri
Stalwart Mail Server does not compare an OAuth redirect target against any registered destination in its default configuration. The validation routine in crates/http/src/auth/oauth/registration.rs returns success immediately when the client-authentication req…
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High 8.1
OpenMetadata before 2.0.0 JWT Disclosure via Unvalidated SAML and OIDC Redirect URI
OpenMetadata accepts a caller-supplied post-authentication redirect target and appends the issued token to it. SamlLoginServlet reads the callback request parameter and stores it in the HTTP session without comparing it against any configured or registered de…
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Medium 4.7
Kimai before 2.53.0 Open Redirect via RelayState
Kimai before 2.53.0 contains an open redirect vulnerability in the SAML authentication success handler that accepts unvalidated RelayState POST parameters as redirect destinations. Attackers with IdP access can supply malicious RelayState values to redirect a…
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High 7.1
Coroot 1.20.2 through 1.24.5 Unvalidated Redirect URI in MCP OAuth Client Registration
Coroot's unauthenticated MCP OAuth dynamic client registration endpoint accepts any syntactically valid redirect URI without validation, allowing attackers to register clients pointing to attacker-controlled hosts. Attackers can send authorization URLs to sig…
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High 8.0
Ech0 before 4.7.3 OAuth Redirect URI Validation Bypass
Ech0 through 4.5.6 contains an OAuth redirect URI validation vulnerability in parseAndValidateClientRedirect (internal/service/auth/auth.go) that compares only the scheme and host of the client-supplied redirect_uri against the admin-configured allowlist, ign…
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Medium 4.3
CTFd __init__.py _is_safe_url redirect
A vulnerability has been found in CTFd up to 3.8.4. The affected element is the function _is_safe_url of the file CTFd/utils/validators/__init__.py. Such manipulation of the argument Next leads to open redirect. The attack can be launched remotely. The exploi…
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Medium 5.1
Miniflux 2: Open Redirect Bypass
Miniflux 2 is an open source feed reader. Prior to 2.3.1, IsRelativePath in internal/urllib/url.go accepts redirect targets containing backslashes because Go URL parsing treats them as path characters. Browser backslash normalization converts them to forward …
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Medium 5.1
Joomla Extension - j2commerce.com - Open redirect in cart controller in J2Store 1.0.0-3.3.20, 4.0.0-4.0.20, 4.1.0-4.1.5
Joomla Extension - j2commerce.com - Open redirect in cart controller in J2Store 1.0.0-3.3.20, 4.0.0-4.0.20, 4.1.0-4.1.5 - Four task handlers accepted a base64-encoded URL from user input and redirected to it without validating the destination host, enabling p…
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Medium 5.3
Joomla Extension - yootheme.com - Reflected XSS and open redirect via the submission redirect parameter in Zoo < 4.1.66
Joomla Extension - yootheme.com - Reflected XSS and open redirect via the submission redirect parameter in Zoo < 4.1.66
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Low 3.7
securedrop-proxy origin limitation can be bypassed with redirects
SecureDrop Client is a desktop app for journalists to securely communicate with sources and handle submissions on the SecureDrop Workstation. Prior to version 1.3.1, a malicious SecureDrop Server could bypass securedrop-proxy's origin limitation by responding…
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Medium 6.5
libgit2: HTTP transport can leak credentials to an offsite redirect target
libgit2 is a portable C implementation of the Git core methods provided as a linkable library with a solid API, allowing to build Git functionality into your application. Prior to 1.8.6 and 1.9.5, the built-in HTTP transport in src/libgit2/transports/http.c f…
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Critical 9.3
unstructured: Server-Side Request Forgery in the URL-based partitioning
The unstructured library provides open-source components for ingesting and pre-processing images and text documents, such as PDFs, HTML, Word docs, and many more. From 0.4.7 until 0.24.0, the url argument of partition, partition_html, and partition_md is fetc…
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Medium 6.1
WebOb: Open redirect in Location header normalization via leading C0 control / space characters
WebOb provides objects for HTTP requests and responses. Prior to 1.8.11, Response._make_location_absolute() in src/webob/response.py checks a Location value for a URI scheme or leading double slash before urllib.parse.urljoin() strips leading C0 control chara…
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Medium 5.7
Punk::OAuth2 versions before 0.03 for Perl allow an attacker-chosen off-site redirect after login because same_origin_path accepts a backslash or tab in the return parameter
Punk::OAuth2 versions before 0.03 for Perl allow an attacker-chosen off-site redirect after login because same_origin_path accepts a backslash or tab in the return parameter. oauth2_login reads the return parameter from the initiation request, runs same_origi…
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Medium 6.1CVE-2026-55087 Scanner template
Etherpad: x-proxy-path header reflected into admin HTML/JS/CSS (cache-poisoning XSS) and concatenated into redirect (open-redirect)
Etherpad is a real-time collaborative editor. From 2.1.0 until 3.1.0, Etherpad uses the attacker-controlled x-proxy-path request header in src/node/hooks/express/admin.ts when substituting paths into HTML, JavaScript, and CSS under /admin without sanitization…
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Medium 5.3
Grav: Unauthenticated open redirect via login twofa_cancel _redirect
Grav is a file-based Web platform. Prior to 3.8.5, the Login plugin twofa_cancel task accepts a client-controlled _redirect field without a nonce and allows an unauthenticated request to set an external http, https, or protocol-relative Location target. Contr…
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Medium 5.1
Joomla Extension - yootheme.com - Open redirect in CommentController::twitterAuthenticate() in Zoo < 4.1.64
Joomla Extension - yootheme.com - Open redirect in CommentController::twitterAuthenticate() in Zoo < 4.1.64 - The referer request parameter is passed straight to setRedirect() with no validation.
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Critical 9.6
Vulnerability in the Oracle Hyperion Infrastructure Technology product of Oracle Hyperion (component: Installation and …