Weakness (CWE)
CWE-77: Command Injection
The product constructs all or part of a command using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify the intended command when it is sent to a downstream component.
More detail
Many protocols and products have their own custom command language. While OS or shell command strings are frequently discovered and targeted, developers may not realize that these other command languages might also be vulnerable to attacks.
How to prevent it (5 mitigations)
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Architecture and Design
If at all possible, use library calls rather than external processes to recreate the desired functionality.
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Implementation
If possible, ensure that all external commands called from the program are statically created.
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Implementation
Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
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Operation
Run time: Run time policy enforcement may be used in an allowlist fashion to prevent use of any non-sanctioned commands.
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System Configuration
Assign permissions that prevent the user from accessing/opening privileged files.
Source: MITRE CWE-77
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Critical 9.8
FreeSWITCH: Inbound SIP MESSAGE can select the api chat proto and run FreeSWITCH API commands
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Critical 10.0
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KEV Oct 14, 2026 -
Critical 9.6
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KEV Aug 7, 2026 -
Critical 10.0
Deserialization Vulnerability in GoAnywhere MFT's License Servlet
A deserialization vulnerability in the License Servlet of Fortra's GoAnywhere MFT allows an actor with a validly forged license response signature to deserialize an arbitrary actor-controlled object, possibly leading to command injection.
KEV Sep 29, 2025 -
Critical 9.8
Command Injection Vulnerability in Remote Support(RS) & Privileged Remote Access (PRA)
A critical vulnerability has been discovered in Privileged Remote Access (PRA) and Remote Support (RS) products which can allow an unauthenticated attacker to inject commands that are run as a site user.
KEV Dec 19, 2024 -
Critical 9.8
In Cleo Harmony before 5.8.0.24, VLTrader before 5.8.0.24, and LexiCom before 5.8.0.24, an unauthenticated user can imp…
KEV Dec 17, 2024 -
Critical 9.8
Apache HugeGraph-Server: Command execution in gremlin
RCE-Remote Command Execution vulnerability in Apache HugeGraph-Server.This issue affects Apache HugeGraph-Server: from 1.0.0 before 1.3.0 in Java8 & Java11 Users are recommended to upgrade to version 1.3.0 with Java11 & enable the Auth system, which fixes the…
KEV Sep 18, 2024 -
Critical 10.0
PAN-OS: Arbitrary File Creation Leads to OS Command Injection Vulnerability in GlobalProtect
A command injection as a result of arbitrary file creation vulnerability in the GlobalProtect feature of Palo Alto Networks PAN-OS software for specific PAN-OS versions and distinct feature configurations may enable an unauthenticated attacker to execute arbi…
KEV Apr 12, 2024 -
Critical 9.1
A command injection vulnerability in web components of Ivanti Connect Secure (9.x, 22.x) and Ivanti Policy Secure (9.x,…
KEV Jan 10, 2024 -
Critical 9.8
Aria Operations for Networks contains a command injection vulnerability. A malicious actor with network access to VMwar…
KEV Jun 22, 2023 -
Critical 9.8
A pre-auth command injection vulnerability in the warn-proceed handler of Sophos Web Appliance older than version 4.3.1…
KEV Nov 16, 2023 -
Critical 9.8
D-Link DSL-2750B devices before 1.05 allow remote unauthenticated command injection via the login.cgi cli parameter, as…
KEV Jan 8, 2024 -
Critical 9.8
Command Injection Vulnerability in QTS and QuTS hero
A command injection vulnerability has been reported to affect QTS and QuTS hero. If exploited, this vulnerability allows attackers to execute arbitrary commands in a compromised application. We have already fixed this vulnerability in the following versions: …
KEV Apr 11, 2022 -
Critical 9.8
(1) boardData102.php, (2) boardData103.php, (3) boardDataJP.php, (4) boardDataNA.php, and (5) boardDataWW.php in Netgea…
KEV Mar 25, 2022 -
Critical 9.8
Remote code execution in PHPMailer
The mailSend function in the isMail transport in PHPMailer before 5.2.18 might allow remote attackers to pass extra parameters to the mail command and consequently execute arbitrary code via a \" (backslash double quote) in a crafted Sender property.
KEV Jul 7, 2025 -
Critical 9.8
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KEV Mar 25, 2022 -
Critical 9.8
masterCGI in the Unified Maintenance Tool in Alcatel OmniPCX Enterprise Communication Server R7.1 and earlier allows re…
KEV Apr 15, 2022 -
Critical 9.8
HP OpenView Network Node Manager 6.2 through 7.50 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary commands via shell metac…
KEV Mar 25, 2022