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OpenAdvisories

Weakness (CWE)

CWE-77: Command Injection

Class Draft Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in a Command

The product constructs all or part of a command using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify the intended command when it is sent to a downstream component.

More detail

Many protocols and products have their own custom command language. While OS or shell command strings are frequently discovered and targeted, developers may not realize that these other command languages might also be vulnerable to attacks.

How to prevent it (5 mitigations)

  1. Architecture and Design

    If at all possible, use library calls rather than external processes to recreate the desired functionality.

  2. Implementation

    If possible, ensure that all external commands called from the program are statically created.

  3. Implementation

    Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.

    When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."

    Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.

  4. Operation

    Run time: Run time policy enforcement may be used in an allowlist fashion to prevent use of any non-sanctioned commands.

  5. System Configuration

    Assign permissions that prevent the user from accessing/opening privileged files.

Source: MITRE CWE-77

All Critical High Medium Low Exploited only Public exploit

11 results · Clear filters · Feed

  • High 8.7
    CVE-2026-42271 Exploited Public exploit EPSS 91%

    LiteLLM: Authenticated command execution via MCP stdio test endpoints

    LiteLLM is a proxy server (AI Gateway) to call LLM APIs in OpenAI (or native) format. From version 1.74.2 to before version 1.83.7, two endpoints used to preview an MCP server before saving it — POST /mcp-rest/test/connection and POST /mcp-rest/test/tools/lis…

    BerriAI litellm litellm PyPI
    KEV Jun 8, 2026
  • High 7.3
    CVE-2024-3273 Exploited Public exploit EPSS 100%

    D-Link DNS-320L/DNS-325/DNS-327L/DNS-340L HTTP GET Request nas_sharing.cgi command injection

    ** UNSUPPORTED WHEN ASSIGNED ** A vulnerability, which was classified as critical, was found in D-Link DNS-320L, DNS-325, DNS-327L and DNS-340L up to 20240403. Affected is an unknown function of the file /cgi-bin/nas_sharing.cgi of the component HTTP GET Requ…

    D-Link DNS-340L DNS-327L DNS-325 Network devices
    KEV Apr 11, 2024
  • High 8.8
    CVE-2023-33538 Exploited Public exploit EPSS 42%

    TP-Link TL-WR940N V2/V4, TL-WR841N V8/V10, and TL-WR740N V1/V2 was discovered to contain a command injection vulnerabil…

    KEV Jun 16, 2025
  • High 8.8
    CVE-2023-1389 Exploited Public exploit EPSS 100%

    TP-Link Archer AX21 (AX1800) firmware versions before 1.1.4 Build 20230219 contained a command injection vulnerability …

    KEV May 1, 2023
  • High 8.8
    CVE-2020-11978 Exploited Public exploit EPSS 99%

    Remote code execution (RCE) in Apache Airflow

    An issue was found in Apache Airflow versions 1.10.10 and below. A remote code/command injection vulnerability was discovered in one of the example DAGs shipped with Airflow which would allow any authenticated user to run arbitrary commands as the user runnin…

    Apache Software Foundation Apache Airflow apache-airflow PyPI
    KEV Jan 18, 2022
  • High 8.8
    CVE-2019-0541 Exploited Public exploit EPSS 53%

    A remote code execution vulnerability exists in the way that the MSHTML engine inproperly validates input, aka "MSHTML …

    Microsoft Microsoft Office Internet Explorer 11 Internet Explorer 9
    KEV Nov 3, 2021
  • High 8.8
    CVE-2017-6327 Exploited Public exploit EPSS 36%

    The Symantec Messaging Gateway before 10.6.3-267 can encounter an issue of remote code execution, which describes a sit…

    Symantec Messaging Gateway
    KEV Nov 3, 2021
  • High 7.8
    CVE-2016-6367 Exploited Public exploit EPSS 23%

    Cisco Adaptive Security Appliance (ASA) Software before 8.4(1) on ASA 5500, ASA 5500-X, PIX, and FWSM devices allows lo…

    KEV May 24, 2022
  • High 8.1
    CVE-2016-3081 Exploited Public exploit EPSS 97%

    Apache Struts RCE Vulnerability

    Apache Struts 2.3.19 to 2.3.20.2, 2.3.21 to 2.3.24.1, and 2.3.25 to 2.3.28, when Dynamic Method Invocation is enabled, allow remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via method: prefix, related to chained expressions.

    org.apache.struts:struts2-core Maven
    KEV Oct 8, 2026
  • High 8.8
    CVE-2015-2051 Exploited Public exploit EPSS 97%

    The D-Link DIR-645 Wired/Wireless Router Rev. Ax with firmware 1.04b12 and earlier allows remote attackers to execute a…

    KEV Feb 10, 2022
  • High 7.8
    CVE-2010-4345 Exploited Public exploit EPSS 18%

    Exim 4.72 and earlier allows local users to gain privileges by leveraging the ability of the exim user account to speci…

    exim4 Debian
    KEV Mar 25, 2022