Weakness (CWE)
CWE-770: Allocation of Resources Without Limits or Throttling
The product allocates a reusable resource or group of resources on behalf of an actor without imposing any intended restrictions on the size or number of resources that can be allocated.
How to prevent it (8 mitigations)
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Requirements
Clearly specify the minimum and maximum expectations for capabilities, and dictate which behaviors are acceptable when resource allocation reaches limits.
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Architecture and Design
Limit the amount of resources that are accessible to unprivileged users. Set per-user limits for resources. Allow the system administrator to define these limits. Be careful to avoid CWE-410.
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Architecture and Design
Design throttling mechanisms into the system architecture. The best protection is to limit the amount of resources that an unauthorized user can cause to be expended. A strong authentication and access control model will help prevent such attacks from occurring in the first place, and it will help the administrator to identify who is committing the abuse. The login application should be protected against DoS attacks as much as possible. Limiting the database access, perhaps by caching result sets, can help minimize the resources expended. To further limit the potential for a DoS attack, consider tracking the rate of requests received from users and blocking requests that exceed a defined rate threshold.
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Implementation
Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
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Architecture and Design
For any security checks that are performed on the client side, ensure that these checks are duplicated on the server side, in order to avoid CWE-602. Attackers can bypass the client-side checks by modifying values after the checks have been performed, or by changing the client to remove the client-side checks entirely. Then, these modified values would be submitted to the server.
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Architecture and Design
Mitigation of resource exhaustion attacks requires that the target system either:
- recognizes the attack and denies that user further access for a given amount of time, typically by using increasing time delays
- uniformly throttles all requests in order to make it more difficult to consume resources more quickly than they can again be freed.
The first of these solutions is an issue in itself though, since it may allow attackers to prevent the use of the system by a particular valid user. If the attacker impersonates the valid user, they may be able to prevent the user from accessing the server in question.
The second solution can be difficult to effectively institute -- and even when properly done, it does not provide a full solution. It simply requires more resources on the part of the attacker.
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Architecture and Design
Ensure that protocols have specific limits of scale placed on them.
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Architecture and Design, Implementation
If the program must fail, ensure that it fails gracefully (fails closed). There may be a temptation to simply let the program fail poorly in cases such as low memory conditions, but an attacker may be able to assert control before the software has fully exited. Alternately, an uncontrolled failure could cause cascading problems with other downstream components; for example, the program could send a signal to a downstream process so the process immediately knows that a problem has occurred and has a better chance of recovery.
Ensure that all failures in resource allocation place the system into a safe posture.
Source: MITRE CWE-770
1,165 results · Clear filters · Feed
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Medium 6.5
Apache Qpid Broker-J: Incoming session flow control window can be exceeded
An authenticated attacker could exceed the session flow control incoming window potentially leading to denial of service. This issue affects Apache Qpid Broker-J: through 10.0.1. Users are recommended to upgrade to version 10.1.0, which fixes the issue.
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Medium 6.5
Apache Qpid Proton-J: Incoming session flow control window can be exceeded
An authenticated attacker could exceed the session flow control incoming window potentially leading to denial of service. This issue affects Apache Qpid Proton-J: through 0.34.1. Users are recommended to upgrade to version 0.35.0, which fixes the issue.
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Medium 6.9
jackson-core: Number length constraint bypass in non-blocking (async) JSON parser leads to potential denial of service
The non-blocking (asynchronous) JSON parser in jackson-core does not enforce the maxNumberLength constraint defined in StreamReadConstraints (default: 1000 characters). An attacker able to submit JSON to an application that uses the async parser API can suppl…
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Medium 6.5
Perspective 5.0.0 DoS via Loop Expression Evaluation
Perspective 5.0.0 contains a denial of service vulnerability that allows remote attackers to block the server event loop indefinitely by submitting a crafted expression containing unbounded for or while loop constructs in a TableMakeViewReq message. Attackers…
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Medium 5.3
PKCS#12 MAC and bag-decryption KDF iteration-count bound (DoS)
In Bouncy Castle for Java before 1.85, PKCS#12 MAC and bag-decryption KDF iteration-count bound (DoS). This issue also affects Bouncy Castle for Java LTS before 2.73.12, and Bouncy Castle for Java FIPS (BC-FJA) before bc-fips 1.0.2.7 (1.0.X series), 2.0.2 (2.…
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Medium 5.3
BCFKS keystore load honours unbounded KDF cost from untrusted file
In Bouncy Castle for Java before 1.85, BCFKS keystore load honours unbounded KDF cost from untrusted file. This issue also affects Bouncy Castle for Java LTS before 2.73.12, and Bouncy Castle for Java FIPS (BC-FJA) before bc-fips 1.0.2.7 (1.0.X series), 2.0.2…
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Medium 6.5
In wlan STA FW, there is a possible system becoming unresponsive due to logging. This could lead to remote (proximal/ad…
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Medium 6.9
CRMF/CMP password-MAC honours unbounded iteration count
In Bouncy Castle for Java before 1.85, CRMF/CMP password-MAC honours unbounded iteration count. This issue also affects Bouncy Castle for Java LTS before 2.73.12, and Bouncy Castle for Java FIPS (BC-FJA) before bcpkix-fips 1.0.12 (1.0.X series), 2.0.12 (2.0.X…
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Medium 6.9
OpenPGP Argon2 S2K honours attacker-chosen memory and passes
In Bouncy Castle for Java before 1.85, OpenPGP Argon2 S2K honours attacker-chosen memory and passes. This issue also affects Bouncy Castle for Java LTS before 2.73.12, and Bouncy Castle for Java FIPS (BC-FJA) before bcpg-fips 1.0.13 (1.0.X series), 2.0.13 (2.…
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Medium 5.3
PKCS#8 / PBES2 decryptors honour unbounded KDF cost from input
In Bouncy Castle for Java before 1.85, PKCS#8 / PBES2 decryptors honour unbounded KDF cost from input. This issue also affects Bouncy Castle for Java LTS before 2.73.12, and Bouncy Castle for Java FIPS (BC-FJA) before bcpkix-fips 1.0.12 (1.0.X series), 2.0.12…
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Medium 5.9
better-auth before 1.4.2 basePath Modification DoS
better-auth (npm) before 1.4.2 allows an external request to configure baseURL when it is not otherwise defined (e.g., BETTER_AUTH_URL is unset). An attacker able to make the very first request to the server after startup can poison the router's base path, ca…
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Medium 6.9
guardian atom exhaustion in Guardian.Permissions.encode_permissions!/1
Allocation of Resources Without Limits or Throttling vulnerability in ueberauth guardian (Guardian.Permissions module) allows a denial of service via BEAM atom-table exhaustion. This vulnerability is associated with program file lib/guardian/permissions.ex an…
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Medium 6.9
Atom-table exhaustion denial of service in Guardian permissions AtomEncoding via unbounded atom creation
Allocation of Resources Without Limits or Throttling in ueberauth guardian allows denial of service via unbounded atom creation from attacker-controlled binary input. Guardian.Permissions.AtomEncoding encodes permission scopes by passing arbitrary binaries to…
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Medium 6.9
Atom-table exhaustion denial of service in Guardian via unbounded atom creation from binary keys
Allocation of Resources Without Limits or Throttling in ueberauth guardian allows denial of service via unbounded atom creation from attacker-influenced binary input. Guardian.Plug.Keys derives connection and session namespace keys by passing arbitrary binari…
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Medium 6.3
axios 0.28.0 before 0.33.0 and 1.0.0 before 1.18.0 Denial of Service via formToJSON
axios versions from 0.28.0 before 0.33.0 and from 1.0.0 before 1.18.0 contain uncontrolled recursion in formDataToJSON (exposed as axios.formToJSON() and used internally when serializing FormData with Content-Type: application/json). When an application passe…
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Medium 5.3
guzzlehttp/guzzle before 7.15.1 Unbounded Cookie Denial of Service
guzzlehttp/guzzle versions before 7.15.1 contain a denial of service vulnerability in the CookieJar that accepts unlimited Set-Cookie header fields with no size restrictions. Attackers can return many large cookies from a malicious server, causing Guzzle to s…
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Medium 6.3
axios 1.7.0 before 1.18.0 maxBodyLength Bypass via ReadableStream
axios versions 1.7.0 before 1.18.0 fail to enforce maxBodyLength for WHATWG ReadableStream request bodies in the fetch adapter when Content-Length cannot be determined. Attackers can supply unknown-length stream data to bypass upload size limits and cause unc…
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Medium —
zaino-state has a Non-Finalized State Reorg — No Cycle Detection or Depth Limit
### Summary `NonFinalizedState::handle_reorg` is a recursive, unbounded async function that traverses parent blocks until it finds a common ancestor on the main chain. It has **no recursion depth limit** and **no cycle detection**. A malicious or buggy valida…
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Medium 5.5
Wings: Maliciously or erroneously created parsed config files can cause wings process to OOM
Wings is the server control plane for Pterodactyl, a free, open-source game server management panel. Prior to 1.13.0, unbounded json, yaml, and xml configuration-file parsers in parser.go can process an oversized non-file parser configuration file and exhaust…
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Medium 6.5
Cloudreve: Server crash through image decompression/pixel bomb in thumbnail & avatar decoding (DoS)
Cloudreve is a self-hosted file management and sharing system. Prior to 4.17.0, the built-in thumbnail and avatar image decoders limit compressed file size but do not limit decoded pixel dimensions, allowing an authenticated user to submit a small PNG, JPEG, …
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Medium 6.6
Denial of Service via Unrestricted Payload Buffering in MCP Toolbox
An allocation of resources without limits vulnerability in the HTTP handler component of Google mcp-toolbox versions up to and including 1.4.0 allows an unauthenticated attacker to cause a denial of service (DoS). The /mcp endpoint handler reads incoming payl…
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Medium 5.9
DFIR-IRIS Missing Brute Force Protection in User Authentication
The IRIS web application in version 2.4.26 and possibly others does not protect its user authentication against brute-force attacks.
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Medium 5.9
DFIR-IRIS Missing Brute Force Protection in OTP Validation
The IRIS web application in version 2.4.26 and possibly others does not protect its MFA validation against brute-force attacks.
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Medium 6.2
MCP Ruby SDK: Unbounded line buffer in stdio transports leads to memory exhaustion (DoS)
MCP Ruby SDK is the official Ruby SDK for Model Context Protocol servers and clients. Prior to 0.23.0, MCP::Server::Transports::StdioTransport and MCP::Client::Stdio in the mcp gem use IO#gets without a byte limit, allowing a peer that sends data without a ne…
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Medium 5.3
MCP Ruby SDK: Unbounded session retention in StreamableHTTPTransport allows memory exhaustion via initialize flood
MCP Ruby SDK is the official Ruby SDK for Model Context Protocol servers and clients. Prior to 0.23.0, MCP::Server::Transports::StreamableHTTPTransport in the mcp gem does not expire sessions by default, so repeated initialize requests retain unbounded Server…
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Medium 6.9
Netty HttpContentEncoder: Unbounded Per-Connection Queue Growth via HTTP/1.1 Pipelining Leads to Denial of Service
Netty is an asynchronous, event-driven network application framework. Prior to versions 4.1.136.Final and 4.2.16.Final, `HttpContentEncoder` (the superclass of the production handler `HttpContentCompressor`) maintains a per-channel `ArrayDeque<CharSequence>` …
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Medium 6.3
Dompdf: Denial of Service (DoS) via Resource Exhaustion using Oversized Image Bitmaps
Dompdf is an HTML to PDF converter for PHP. Versions 3.15 and prior are vulnerable to a Denial of Service (DoS) attack via resource exhaustion. An attacker can crash the PHP process by providing a specially crafted HTML document containing a single image with…
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Medium 6.9
GoPacket's sFlow ExtendedGatewayFlow decoder: unbounded attacker-controlled allocation (104-byte UDP datagram -> up to 16 GiB make) -> unauthenticated remote DoS
gopacket provides packet processing capabilities for Go. In version 1.6.0 and earlier, the sFlow ExtendedGatewayFlow decoder in layers/sflow.go reads an attacker-controlled 32-bit community count and AS path member count and sizes a slice allocation from thos…
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Medium 6.9
GoPacket's Diameter AVP decoder: uint32 underflow on vendor header size leads to unbounded ~4 GiB allocation (unauthenticated remote DoS)
gopacket provides packet processing capabilities for Go. In version 1.6.0 and earlier, the Diameter AVP decoder computes an AVP data length by subtracting a fixed header size from an attacker-controlled AVP Length field, so a vendor-flagged AVP whose Length i…
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Medium 6.9
Cowboy HTTP/1.1 max_headers Bypass via Duplicate Header Names Enables Memory Exhaustion
Allocation of Resources Without Limits or Throttling vulnerability in ninenines cowboy allows an unauthenticated remote attacker to exhaust connection process memory over HTTP/1.1. The HTTP/1.1 handler in cowboy_http enforces the max_headers limit by counting…
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Medium 6.3
Next.js: Unbounded Server Action payload in Edge runtime
Next.js is a React framework for building full-stack web applications. In versions 13.0.0 through 15.5.20 and 16.0.0 through 16.2.10, requests targeting Next.js applications using App Router with at least one Server Action can lead to excessive memory consump…
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Medium 6.3
epmd permanent DoS via EMFILE on accept(2) in erts
Improper Handling of Exceptional Conditions vulnerability in Erlang OTP erts (epmd) allows an unauthenticated remote attacker to permanently terminate the Erlang Port Mapper Daemon (epmd) via connection slot exhaustion. The do_accept function in erts/epmd/src…
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Medium 4.3
Denial of service via unbounded document content extraction in Mattermost Server
Mattermost versions 11.8.x <= 11.8.0, 11.7.x <= 11.7.3, 11.6.x <= 11.6.5, 10.11.x <= 10.11.20 fail to bound the time and resource consumption of server-side document content extraction which allows an authenticated user with file-upload permission to degrade …
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Medium 6.9
Apache Thrift: Unbounded Read Leading to Denial of Service
Allocation of Resources Without Limits or Throttling vulnerability in Apache Thrift Java bindings. This issue affects Apache Thrift: from 0.19.0 before 0.24.0. Users are recommended to upgrade to version 0.24.0, which fixes the issue.
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Medium 6.5
FFmpeg IAMF Demuxer Uncontrolled Resource Consumption via mix_presentation_obu()
FFmpeg through 8.1.2, fixed in commit 5d7112c, contains an uncontrolled resource consumption vulnerability in the IAMF demuxer that allows an unauthenticated attacker to cause multi-gigabyte memory allocation from a 17-byte input file by supplying a crafted c…
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Medium 4.3
Unrestricted File Upload in BizimHesap Information Systems' Online Pre-Accounting Software
Allocation of resources without limits or throttling vulnerability in BizimHesap Information Systems Industry and Trade Inc. Online Pre-Accounting Software allows Excessive Allocation. This issue affects Online Pre-Accounting Software: through 17072026.
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Medium 6.5
Queryable Encryption FLE2 Find Payload Missing Input Validation Leading to Resource Exhaustion
An authenticated user can cause excessive CPU consumption or out-of-memory conditions on a MongoDB server by sending a crafted Queryable Encryption find payload containing an unvalidated field used to control an internal computation loop. The resulting resour…
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Medium 5.3
Awaitable Hello Command in Exhaust Mode Unthrottled Response Loop Leading to Denial of Service
An unauthenticated remote client can cause excessive CPU consumption on a MongoDB server by sending a specific combination of parameters to the awaitable hello command in exhaust mode. The server's handling of this combination results in a response loop that …
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Medium 6.5
$rankFusion and $scoreFusion Unbounded Memory Allocation During Error Suggestion Generation
An authenticated user can cause the mongod process to be terminated by the operating system under memory pressure via the $rankFusion and $scoreFusion aggregation stages. The issue originates in the server's error-handling path and requires the ability to run…
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Medium 6.5
Aggregation Framework Memory Exhaustion Leading to Process Termination
An authenticated user can cause a {{mongod}} process to be terminated by the operating system under memory pressure by performing a specific data type conversion operation within MongoDB's aggregation framework. The behavior stems from disproportionate memory…