Weakness (CWE)
CWE-78: OS Command Injection
The product constructs all or part of an OS command using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify the intended OS command before it is sent to a downstream component.
How to prevent it (8 mitigations)
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Architecture and Design
If at all possible, use library calls rather than external processes to recreate the desired functionality.
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Architecture and Design, Operation
Run the code in a "jail" or similar sandbox environment that enforces strict boundaries between the process and the operating system. This may effectively restrict which files can be accessed in a particular directory or which commands can be executed by the software.
OS-level examples include the Unix chroot jail, AppArmor, and SELinux. In general, managed code may provide some protection. For example, java.io.FilePermission in the Java SecurityManager allows the software to specify restrictions on file operations.
This may not be a feasible solution, and it only limits the impact to the operating system; the rest of the application may still be subject to compromise.
Be careful to avoid CWE-243 and other weaknesses related to jails.
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Architecture and Design
For any data that will be used to generate a command to be executed, keep as much of that data out of external control as possible. For example, in web applications, this may require storing the data locally in the session's state instead of sending it out to the client in a hidden form field.
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Architecture and Design
For any security checks that are performed on the client side, ensure that these checks are duplicated on the server side, in order to avoid CWE-602. Attackers can bypass the client-side checks by modifying values after the checks have been performed, or by changing the client to remove the client-side checks entirely. Then, these modified values would be submitted to the server.
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Architecture and Design
Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
For example, consider using the ESAPI Encoding control [REF-45] or a similar tool, library, or framework. These will help the programmer encode outputs in a manner less prone to error.
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Implementation
While it is risky to use dynamically-generated query strings, code, or commands that mix control and data together, sometimes it may be unavoidable. Properly quote arguments and escape any special characters within those arguments. The most conservative approach is to escape or filter all characters that do not pass an extremely strict allowlist (such as everything that is not alphanumeric or white space). If some special characters are still needed, such as white space, wrap each argument in quotes after the escaping/filtering step. Be careful of argument injection (CWE-88).
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Implementation
If the program to be executed allows arguments to be specified within an input file or from standard input, then consider using that mode to pass arguments instead of the command line.
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Architecture and Design
If available, use structured mechanisms that automatically enforce the separation between data and code. These mechanisms may be able to provide the relevant quoting, encoding, and validation automatically, instead of relying on the developer to provide this capability at every point where output is generated.
Some languages offer multiple functions that can be used to invoke commands. Where possible, identify any function that invokes a command shell using a single string, and replace it with a function that requires individual arguments. These functions typically perform appropriate quoting and filtering of arguments. For example, in C, the system() function accepts a string that contains the entire command to be executed, whereas execl(), execve(), and others require an array of strings, one for each argument. In Windows, CreateProcess() only accepts one command at a time. In Perl, if system() is provided with an array of arguments, then it will quote each of the arguments.
Source: MITRE CWE-78
1,581 results · Clear filters · Feed
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Critical 9.9
Chengdu Feiyuxing Technology VW2100/VEC10GP Web Administration webserver add_expmac os command injection
A vulnerability was found in Chengdu Feiyuxing Technology VW2100 and VEC10GP 1.0 B-MB3W202-210825-r11775. This issue affects the function add_expmac of the file var/html/webserver of the component Web Administration Interface. The manipulation of the argument…
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Critical 10.0
Chengdu Feiyuxing Technology VW2100/VEC10GP Weixin Auth Endpoint webserver handle_wechat_cn_wifi os command injection
A vulnerability was found in Chengdu Feiyuxing Technology VW2100 and VEC10GP 1.0 B-MB3W202-210825-r11775. This impacts the function handle_wechat_cn_wifi of the file var/html/webserver of the component Weixin Auth Endpoint. The manipulation of the argument ex…
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Critical 9.8
Multiple Vulnerabilities in IBM Concert Software
IBM Concert 1.0 through 3.0.1.1 allows an attacker can supply crafted input that is incorporated into an operating system command without adequate validation or sanitization. Successful exploitation allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary commands on the…
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Critical 9.8
Multiple Vulnerabilities in IBM Concert Software
IBM Concert 1.0 through 3.0.1.1 contains components that allow potentially unsafe command execution, which could be exploited to run arbitrary system commands on the host.
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Critical 9.8
Multiple Vulnerabilities in IBM API Connect
IBM API Connect 10.0.8.0 through 10.0.8.12 and 12.1.0.0 through 12.1.1.2 could allow a remote attacker to execute arbitrary code due to improper neutralization of special elements in an OS command.
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Critical 9.9
Multiple Vulnerabilities in IBM API Connect
IBM API Connect 10.0.8.0 through 10.0.8.12 and 12.1.0.0 through 12.1.1.2 could allow a remote authenticated attacker to execute arbitrary commands due to OS command injection. User-supplied input is not properly neutralized before it is passed to the operatin…
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Critical 9.9
OS command injection in the example SSM documents in Trusted Remote Execution (REX)
OS command injection in the example SSM document provisioning script in Trusted Remote Execution (REX) before 2026-07-28 might allow an authenticated remote user who is permitted to invoke the Rex-RO or Rex-RW SSM document to execute arbitrary commands as roo…
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Critical 9.8
FreeSWITCH: Inbound SIP MESSAGE can select the api chat proto and run FreeSWITCH API commands
FreeSWITCH is a Software Defined Telecom Stack enabling the digital transformation from proprietary telecom switches to a software implementation that runs on any commodity hardware. Prior to 1.11.3, sofia_presence_handle_sip_i_message() split the To user of …
KEV Nov 9, 2026 -
Critical 9.8
OpenHuman allows remote inbound channel messages to create unapproved shell cron jobs leading to host command execution
OpenHuman is an open-source agent harness available as a desktop application and Rust library. Before version 0.57.13, an attacker who can send messages to a configured external channel can cause the agent to create persistent shell cron jobs without human ap…
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Critical 9.4CVE-2026-123025 Public exploit
An OS Command Injection vulnerability was discovered in the Google Cloud DNS validation module of the OPNsense os-acme-…
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Critical 10.0
Linksys E5350 apply.cgi system os command injection
A vulnerability was detected in Linksys E5350 1.0.00.037. This affects the function system of the file /wizard/apply.cgi. Performing a manipulation of the argument ping_ip/traceroute_ip results in os command injection. The attack may be initiated remotely. Th…
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Critical 9.1
Linksys WRT54GL Traceroute Diagnostic Function apply.cgi system os command injection
A security vulnerability has been detected in Linksys WRT54GL 4.30.18. The impacted element is the function system of the file apply.cgi of the component Traceroute Diagnostic Function. Such manipulation of the argument traceroute_ip leads to os command injec…
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Critical 9.1
Linksys WRT54GL Ping Diagnostic apply.cgi system os command injection
A weakness has been identified in Linksys WRT54GL 4.30.18. The affected element is the function system of the file apply.cgi of the component Ping Diagnostic. This manipulation of the argument ping_ip causes os command injection. The attack can be initiated r…
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Critical 10.0
Qihoo 360 D603-2/D600-2/D606-6/D706 iscm testspeed_command os command injection
A vulnerability was found in Qihoo 360 D603-2, D600-2, D606-6 and D706 up to 6.4.9. This affects the function testspeed_command of the file /fs2/bin/iscm. Performing a manipulation of the argument host results in os command injection. The attack may be initia…
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Critical 9.8
An issue in im3x Scriptables through v2-dev branch allows attackers to inject arbitrary OS commands via uploading a fil…
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Critical 10.0
WAVLINK WN551X3-A DNS Resolution ioos sub_41a430 os command injection
A vulnerability was found in WAVLINK WN551X3-A M51X3_V251020-WO-182e965. This impacts the function sub_41a430 of the file /bin/ioos of the component DNS Resolution Handler. Performing a manipulation of the argument data results in os command injection. It is …
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Critical 10.0
WAVLINK WN551X3-A WireGuard CLI Group ioos system os command injection
A vulnerability has been found in WAVLINK WN551X3-A M51X3_V251020-WO-182e965. This affects the function system of the file /bin/ioos of the component WireGuard CLI Group Handler. Such manipulation of the argument group_name leads to os command injection. The …
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Critical 9.9
WAVLINK WN536AX6-A protocol.csp host_black os command injection
A vulnerability was determined in WAVLINK WN536AX6-A V260507. This impacts the function host_black of the file /protocol.csp. This manipulation of the argument mac causes os command injection. Remote exploitation of the attack is possible. The exploit has bee…
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Critical 10.0
WAVLINK WN536AX6-A WireGuard protocol.csp wireguard_cli_group handler os command injection
A vulnerability has been found in WAVLINK WN536AX6-A V260507. The impacted element is the function wireguard_cli_group handler of the file /protocol.csp of the component WireGuard. The manipulation of the argument group_id/group_name leads to os command injec…
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Critical 10.0
WAVLINK WN536AX6-A openvpn_cli protocol.csp os command injection
A flaw has been found in WAVLINK WN536AX6-A V260507. The affected element is an unknown function of the file /protocol.csp of the component openvpn_cli Handler. Executing a manipulation of the argument file_id can lead to os command injection. The attack can …
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Critical 10.0
WAVLINK WN536AX6-A WireGuard CLI Group ioos sub_41a1d8 os command injection
A security vulnerability has been detected in WAVLINK WN536AX6-A V260507_2.0.0. This issue affects the function sub_41a1d8 of the file /bin/ioos of the component WireGuard CLI Group Handler. Such manipulation of the argument group_name leads to os command inj…
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Critical 10.0
WAVLINK WN536AX6-A Web Management ioos sub_416760 os command injection
A weakness has been identified in WAVLINK WN536AX6-A V260507_2.0.0. This vulnerability affects the function sub_416760 of the file /bin/ioos of the component Web Management Interface. This manipulation of the argument group_name causes os command injection. I…
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Critical 9.9
WAVLINK WN553X1-B WireGuard CLI Group ioos sub_41A748 os command injection
A vulnerability was determined in WAVLINK WN553X1-B V260403_2.0.0. This issue affects the function sub_41A748 of the file /bin/ioos of the component WireGuard CLI Group Handler. Executing a manipulation of the argument group_id/group_name can lead to os comma…
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Critical 9.9
WAVLINK WN553X1-B WireGuard CLI ioos sub_419DA8 os command injection
A vulnerability was found in WAVLINK WN553X1-B V260403_2.0.0. This vulnerability affects the function sub_419DA8 of the file /bin/ioos of the component WireGuard CLI Handler. Performing a manipulation of the argument file_id results in os command injection. T…
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Critical 9.9
WAVLINK WN553X1-B ovpn_file ioos sub_4162A8 os command injection
A vulnerability has been found in WAVLINK WN553X1-B 260403_2.0.0. This affects the function sub_4162A8 of the file /bin/ioos of the component ovpn_file Handler. Such manipulation of the argument file_id leads to os command injection. The attack can be execute…
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Critical 9.9
WAVLINK WN553X1-B OpenVPN CLI ioos sub_416568 os command injection
A vulnerability was determined in WAVLINK WN553X1-B V260403_2.0.0. The affected element is the function sub_416568 of the file /bin/ioos of the component OpenVPN CLI Handler. This manipulation of the argument file_id causes os command injection. It is possibl…
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Critical 9.9
WAVLINK WN701AE ioos Web Backend del_vlan_group os command injection
A vulnerability was found in WAVLINK WN701AE 260105. Impacted is the function del_vlan_group of the component ioos Web Backend. The manipulation of the argument vlan_name results in os command injection. The attack may be performed from remote. The exploit ha…
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Critical 9.1
WAVLINK WN553X1-B ioos sub_416B50 os command injection
A vulnerability has been found in WAVLINK WN553X1-B 260403_2.0.0. This issue affects the function sub_416B50 of the file /bin/ioos. The manipulation of the argument file_id leads to os command injection. The attack is possible to be carried out remotely. The …
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Critical 9.9
WAVLINK WN553X1-B ioos Service sub_416D88 os command injection
A flaw has been found in WAVLINK WN553X1-B V260403_2.0.0. This vulnerability affects the function sub_416D88 of the file /bin/ioos of the component ioos Service. Executing a manipulation of the argument group_id/group_name can lead to os command injection. Th…
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Critical 9.9
WAVLINK WN701AE ioos Web Backend static_route_setting.sh del_staticrule os command injection
A vulnerability was detected in WAVLINK WN701AE M01AE_V260105. This affects the function del_staticrule of the file static_route_setting.sh of the component ioos Web Backend. Performing a manipulation of the argument rule_name results in os command injection.…
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Critical 9.9
WAVLINK WL-WN530HG4B wapi.cgi port_forward os command injection
A flaw has been found in WAVLINK WL-WN530HG4B M_V260724. This impacts the function port_forward of the file /cgi-bin/wapi.cgi. This manipulation of the argument Name causes os command injection. It is possible to initiate the attack remotely. The exploit has …
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Critical 9.9
WAVLINK WN579X3-D wapi.cgi port_forward os command injection
A vulnerability was detected in WAVLINK WN579X3-D V250402. This affects the function port_forward of the file /cgi-bin/wapi.cgi. The manipulation of the argument Name results in os command injection. The attack may be performed from remote. The exploit is now…
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Critical 10.0
WAVLINK WL-WN579A3-A Initial Setup Wizard adm.cgi set_wzdgwMesh os command injection
A security vulnerability has been detected in WAVLINK WL-WN579A3-A 2026-03-10-94f93d4. The impacted element is the function set_wzdgwMesh of the file /cgi-bin/adm.cgi of the component Initial Setup Wizard. The manipulation of the argument wlan_ssid leads to o…
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Critical 9.9
ThingLinks vulnerable to authenticated remote code execution via Groovy script registration in ThingLinks
ThingLinks is an enterprise IoT platform. Prior to 1.4.0, the `/groovyScriptTest/registerScript` endpoint accepts user-supplied Groovy script content and passes it to an unsandboxed `Groovy compilation and loading` flow. An authenticated attacker can provide …
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Critical 9.9
pgAdmin 4: Import/Export Data query export runs a command through a backslash in a double-quoted identifier
pgAdmin 4's Import/Export Data tool wraps a user's query export in a psql \copy (...) TO command and checks that the query's parentheses are balanced so that nothing can escape the wrapper. The check rejected a backslash inside a single-quoted string, but not…
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Critical 9.8
Dahua Intelligent Connection Center command injection
A vulnerability has been found in the Dahua Intelligent Connection Center. A remote attacker could send a specially crafted request to the affected system, allowing the attacker to execute arbitrary commands, resulting in remote code execution.
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Critical 9.8
Ffmpeg Image Toolkit - Highly critical - Remote Code Execution - SA-CONTRIB-2026-220
Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command ("OS Command Injection") vulnerability in Drupal Ffmpeg Image Toolkit allows OS Command Injection. This issue affects Ffmpeg Image Toolkit versions: from 0.0.0 to 1.0.3.
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Critical 9.9
OS Command Injection in Progress WS_FTP Server
An OS command injection vulnerability in Progress Software WS_FTP Server versions prior to 2024.0.7 and 2025.0.4 on Windows could allow arbitrary command execution under certain configurations.
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Critical 9.0
Command Injection via FTP Notification Variables in Progress WS_FTP Server
An OS command injection vulnerability in Progress Software WS_FTP Server versions prior to 2024.0.7 and 2025.0.4 on Windows could allow arbitrary command execution with elevated privileges under certain configurations.
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Critical 9.8
Yamaha wireless LAN router NWR100 provided by Yamaha Corporation contains an OS command injection vulnerability. Arbitr…