Weakness (CWE)
CWE-78: OS Command Injection
The product constructs all or part of an OS command using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify the intended OS command before it is sent to a downstream component.
How to prevent it (8 mitigations)
-
Architecture and Design
If at all possible, use library calls rather than external processes to recreate the desired functionality.
-
Architecture and Design, Operation
Run the code in a "jail" or similar sandbox environment that enforces strict boundaries between the process and the operating system. This may effectively restrict which files can be accessed in a particular directory or which commands can be executed by the software.
OS-level examples include the Unix chroot jail, AppArmor, and SELinux. In general, managed code may provide some protection. For example, java.io.FilePermission in the Java SecurityManager allows the software to specify restrictions on file operations.
This may not be a feasible solution, and it only limits the impact to the operating system; the rest of the application may still be subject to compromise.
Be careful to avoid CWE-243 and other weaknesses related to jails.
-
Architecture and Design
For any data that will be used to generate a command to be executed, keep as much of that data out of external control as possible. For example, in web applications, this may require storing the data locally in the session's state instead of sending it out to the client in a hidden form field.
-
Architecture and Design
For any security checks that are performed on the client side, ensure that these checks are duplicated on the server side, in order to avoid CWE-602. Attackers can bypass the client-side checks by modifying values after the checks have been performed, or by changing the client to remove the client-side checks entirely. Then, these modified values would be submitted to the server.
-
Architecture and Design
Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
For example, consider using the ESAPI Encoding control [REF-45] or a similar tool, library, or framework. These will help the programmer encode outputs in a manner less prone to error.
-
Implementation
While it is risky to use dynamically-generated query strings, code, or commands that mix control and data together, sometimes it may be unavoidable. Properly quote arguments and escape any special characters within those arguments. The most conservative approach is to escape or filter all characters that do not pass an extremely strict allowlist (such as everything that is not alphanumeric or white space). If some special characters are still needed, such as white space, wrap each argument in quotes after the escaping/filtering step. Be careful of argument injection (CWE-88).
-
Implementation
If the program to be executed allows arguments to be specified within an input file or from standard input, then consider using that mode to pass arguments instead of the command line.
-
Architecture and Design
If available, use structured mechanisms that automatically enforce the separation between data and code. These mechanisms may be able to provide the relevant quoting, encoding, and validation automatically, instead of relying on the developer to provide this capability at every point where output is generated.
Some languages offer multiple functions that can be used to invoke commands. Where possible, identify any function that invokes a command shell using a single string, and replace it with a function that requires individual arguments. These functions typically perform appropriate quoting and filtering of arguments. For example, in C, the system() function accepts a string that contains the entire command to be executed, whereas execl(), execve(), and others require an array of strings, one for each argument. In Windows, CreateProcess() only accepts one command at a time. In Perl, if system() is provided with an array of arguments, then it will quote each of the arguments.
Source: MITRE CWE-78
1,588 results · Clear filters · Feed
-
Critical 9.9
ThingLinks vulnerable to authenticated remote code execution via Groovy script registration in ThingLinks
ThingLinks is an enterprise IoT platform. Prior to 1.4.0, the `/groovyScriptTest/registerScript` endpoint accepts user-supplied Groovy script content and passes it to an unsandboxed `Groovy compilation and loading` flow. An authenticated attacker can provide …
-
Critical 9.9
pgAdmin 4: Import/Export Data query export runs a command through a backslash in a double-quoted identifier
pgAdmin 4's Import/Export Data tool wraps a user's query export in a psql \copy (...) TO command and checks that the query's parentheses are balanced so that nothing can escape the wrapper. The check rejected a backslash inside a single-quoted string, but not…
-
Critical 9.8
Dahua Intelligent Connection Center command injection
A vulnerability has been found in the Dahua Intelligent Connection Center. A remote attacker could send a specially crafted request to the affected system, allowing the attacker to execute arbitrary commands, resulting in remote code execution.
-
Critical 9.8
Ffmpeg Image Toolkit - Highly critical - Remote Code Execution - SA-CONTRIB-2026-220
Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command ("OS Command Injection") vulnerability in Drupal Ffmpeg Image Toolkit allows OS Command Injection. This issue affects Ffmpeg Image Toolkit versions: from 0.0.0 to 1.0.3.
-
Critical 9.9
OS Command Injection in Progress WS_FTP Server
An OS command injection vulnerability in Progress Software WS_FTP Server versions prior to 2024.0.7 and 2025.0.4 on Windows could allow arbitrary command execution under certain configurations.
-
Critical 9.0
Command Injection via FTP Notification Variables in Progress WS_FTP Server
An OS command injection vulnerability in Progress Software WS_FTP Server versions prior to 2024.0.7 and 2025.0.4 on Windows could allow arbitrary command execution with elevated privileges under certain configurations.
-
Critical 9.8
Yamaha wireless LAN router NWR100 provided by Yamaha Corporation contains an OS command injection vulnerability. Arbitr…
-
Critical 9.4
Unrestricted Command Execution via system.execute
In openEQUELLA before 2026.1, the system.execute() function available to the scripting engine runs supplied operating system commands without validation or an allow-list of permitted executables. A user able to create or edit scripts can use it to execute arb…
-
Critical 10.0
AVideo-Encoder: unauthenticated command execution through streamer login trust
AVideo is a video-sharing Platform. Prior to 8.1.0, the live-streaming endpoint `view/videosListToLive.php` accepts an attacker-named streamer in `webSiteRootURL`, calls `Login::run` in `objects/Login.php`, and trusts the returned JSON as session state. An un…
-
Critical 9.8
Session Smart Conductor: An unauthenticated attacker causes arbitrary command execution during key management.
An Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command vulnerability in the AutomatedProvisioner in Juniper Networks Session Smart Conductor allows a remote attacker to execute arbitrary commands as root via a specially crafted salt minion ID.
-
Critical 9.6CVE-2026-115904 Public exploit
Topluyo Desktop for Linux has an OS Command Injection issue
Topluyo is a social networking platform. A vulnerability exists in Topluyo Desktop for Linux prior to version 2026.9.2410 where user-controlled URLs are unsafely processed, leading to OS Command Injection via the `openExternalLinks()` routine in `utils.js`. A…
-
Critical 9.1
HCL BigFix AEX is affected by multiple security vulnerabilities.
HCL BigFix AEX is affected by a Remote Code Execution Vulnerability . It may allow attackers to execute code with the privileges of the affected application or service, potentially leading to unauthorized access, data exposure, or system compromise.
-
Critical 9.8
Unauthenticated Command Injection via kubeconfig Username in che-machine-exec
The che-machine-exec service constructs a shell command by concatenating user-controlled input (the username and namespace fields from the /exec/init and /exec/config JSON endpoints) into a double-quoted sh -c "echo "..." > ..." invocation without any escapin…
-
Critical 9.8
KaliFast Project Management Platform ei_git_repo_url OS Command Injection
The ei_git_repo_url parameter in the Git remote configuration endpoint of KaliFast is vulnerable to OS Command Injection. This OS Command Injection vulnerability allows an authenticated attacker (free registration available) to execute arbitrary commands on t…
-
Critical 9.9
Adobe Campaign Classic (ACC) | Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command ('OS Command Injection') (CWE-78)
Adobe Campaign Classic (ACC) is affected by an Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command ('OS Command Injection') vulnerability that could result in arbitrary code execution in the context of the current user. A low-privileged attacker…
-
Critical 9.8
OS Command Injection Vulnerability in HiRDB
OS Command Injection Vulnerability in HiRDB. This issue affects HiRDB Server Version 10: from 10-00 before 10-12-01; HiRDB Server Version 9: from 09-00 through 09-66-22; HiRDB Server with Additional Function Version 9: from 09-00 through 09-66/V; HiRDB Server…
-
Critical 9.8
Avocent ACS8000 wsserver command injection
The root-privileged `wsserver` terminal-bridge daemon builds a shell command from client-supplied WebSocket fields and passes it to `system()` and `popen()` without quoting, escaping, or character-set validation. The daemon's public-key session path performs …
-
Critical 9.8
Unauthenticated RCE Vulnerability in WolfProt interface implementation
A security vulnerability has been identified in the WolfProt interface implementation. Insufficient neutralization of user-controlled input could allow an unauthenticated attacker with network access to a vulnerable service to execute operating-system command…
-
Critical 9.6
Unitree Robotics Unitree Go2 chat_go gpt_thread.py set_volume os command injection
A security vulnerability has been detected in Unitree Robotics Unitree Go2 up to 1.1.11.4. The impacted element is the function set_volume of the file gpt_thread.py of the component chat_go. Such manipulation of the argument Value leads to os command injectio…
-
Critical 9.9
Kiloview E3 NDI Encoder OS Command Injection
The network management service on affected Kiloview E3 NDI encoder firmware fails to validate the network interface name accepted by its link maintenance address configuration endpoint before passing it to a shell command, unlike sibling handlers that perform…
-
Critical 9.9
Kiloview E3 NDI Encoder OS Command Injection
The system control service on affected Kiloview E3 NDI encoder firmware fails to sanitize the hostname parameter accepted by its device naming endpoint, passing it unquoted into a shell command. An authenticated web user with access to this function can embed…
-
Critical 9.1
Kiloview E3 NDI Encoder OS Command Injection
The network management service on affected Kiloview E3 NDI encoder firmware fails to sanitize one field used when configuring static routes via the web management API. An authenticated web user with permission to configure static routes can exploit this to ex…
-
Critical 9.4
Lagoon core ssh service vulnerable to remote code execution
Lagoon is an application delivery platform for Kubernetes. Versions prior to 2.33.1 have a vulnerability in the `ssh` service in Lagoon core that would allow an attacker to execute arbitrary code which could lead to, among other things, elevated administrativ…
-
Critical 9.1
An os command injection vulnerability exists in the boa formWsc peerRptPin functionality of Totolink X2000R TOTOLINK-X2…
-
Critical 9.1
An os command injection vulnerability exists in the boa formWsc targetAPSsid functionality of Totolink X2000R TOTOLINK-…
-
Critical 9.1
A OS command injection vulnerability exists in the boa formMapDelDevice macstr functionality of X2000R (version(s): TOT…
-
Critical 9.1
An OS command injection vulnerability exists in the boa formWizard newPass functionality of X2000R (version(s): TOTOLIN…
-
Critical 9.1
An OS command injection vulnerability exists in the boa formPasswordSetup functionality of X2000R (version(s): TOTOLINK…
-
Critical 9.1
A OS command injection vulnerability exists in the batchupg functionality of X2000R (version(s): TOTOLINK-X2000R-Gh-V1.…
-
Critical 9.1
A OS command injection vulnerability exists in the boa formUpload() functionality of X2000R (version(s): TOTOLINK-X2000…
-
Critical 9.8
Wavlink WL-WN530BE1-A Unauthenticated OS Command Injection in ioos protocol.csp ovpn_file Handler
Wavlink WL-WN530BE1-A firmware through M30BE1_V251117 contains an OS command injection vulnerability in the sub_23B54 function of the ioos binary, which passes the unsanitized file_id parameter of /protocol.csp?opt=ovpn_file requests with type=del to popen().…
-
Critical 9.9
aaPanel File Manager common.py ExecShell os command injection
A vulnerability has been found in aaPanel up to 8.25.0. The affected element is the function ExecShell of the file class/public/common.py of the component File Manager. The manipulation of the argument sfile/dfile/access/user leads to os command injection. Th…
-
Critical 9.3
Apache CouchDB: Admin credentials leading to code execution as operating system user
An unvalidated runtime configuration value in Apache CouchDB 3.5.2 and below on all platforms allows a CouchDB server admin to run arbitrary shell commands as the CouchDB operating system user. Users are recommended to upgrade to version 3.5.3, which fixes th…
-
Critical 9.9
DrayTek Vigor2960 CGI mainfunction.cgi sub_182B0 os command injection
A flaw has been found in DrayTek Vigor2960 1.5.1.6 Revision 8218. Affected by this issue is the function sub_182B0 of the file /cgi-bin/mainfunction.cgi of the component CGI Interface. This manipulation of the argument usefile/usescript/option causes os comma…
-
Critical 9.9
H3C Magic NX15 usrlist sub_416874 os command injection
A vulnerability was found in H3C Magic NX15 100R017. This issue affects the function sub_416874 of the file /usr/bin/usrlist. Performing a manipulation results in os command injection. Remote exploitation of the attack is possible. The exploit has been made p…
-
Critical 9.2CVE-2026-112900 Public exploit
Pillow: Argument Injection in Ghostscript call, potentially leading into RCE
Pillow is a Python imaging library. From 2.6.0 until 13.0.0, Pillow is vulnerable to argument injection when invoking Ghostscript for EPS input. EpsImagePlugin.Ghostscript passes a caller-controlled input filename after -f without converting it to a safe abso…
-
Critical 9.8
Camunda Expression Injection via orQueries RCE
Camunda 7.24.0 before 7.24.14 and 7.23.0 before 7.23.17 contains an expression injection vulnerability where AdhocQueryValidator.validate() fails to check sub-query expression maps within the orQueries field exposed by TaskQueryDto, allowing authenticated use…
-
Critical 9.8
GV-ASManager Web Server Command Injection Vulnerability
A vulnerability is in Web Server default connection ports under the process name GeoWebServer.exe .
-
Critical 9.1
Remote Code Execution via JDBC User Store Configuration in Multiple WSO2 Products Allows Arbitrary Code Execution
The Management Console fails to properly validate input related to the configuration of JDBC user stores. This weakness allows an attacker to supply specially crafted input that can lead to the execution of arbitrary code on the affected server. Successful ex…
-
Critical 9.2
Claude Agent SDK: Argument Injection via resume Option Allows Arbitrary Command Execution
Claude Agent SDK is a Python SDK for Claude Code. Prior to 0.2.121, the resume option is passed to the Claude CLI as a separate token without validation, so a dash-leading value is parsed as an independent CLI flag. An attacker can inject the --mcp-config fla…