Weakness (CWE)
CWE-78: OS Command Injection
The product constructs all or part of an OS command using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify the intended OS command before it is sent to a downstream component.
How to prevent it (8 mitigations)
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Architecture and Design
If at all possible, use library calls rather than external processes to recreate the desired functionality.
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Architecture and Design, Operation
Run the code in a "jail" or similar sandbox environment that enforces strict boundaries between the process and the operating system. This may effectively restrict which files can be accessed in a particular directory or which commands can be executed by the software.
OS-level examples include the Unix chroot jail, AppArmor, and SELinux. In general, managed code may provide some protection. For example, java.io.FilePermission in the Java SecurityManager allows the software to specify restrictions on file operations.
This may not be a feasible solution, and it only limits the impact to the operating system; the rest of the application may still be subject to compromise.
Be careful to avoid CWE-243 and other weaknesses related to jails.
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Architecture and Design
For any data that will be used to generate a command to be executed, keep as much of that data out of external control as possible. For example, in web applications, this may require storing the data locally in the session's state instead of sending it out to the client in a hidden form field.
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Architecture and Design
For any security checks that are performed on the client side, ensure that these checks are duplicated on the server side, in order to avoid CWE-602. Attackers can bypass the client-side checks by modifying values after the checks have been performed, or by changing the client to remove the client-side checks entirely. Then, these modified values would be submitted to the server.
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Architecture and Design
Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
For example, consider using the ESAPI Encoding control [REF-45] or a similar tool, library, or framework. These will help the programmer encode outputs in a manner less prone to error.
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Implementation
While it is risky to use dynamically-generated query strings, code, or commands that mix control and data together, sometimes it may be unavoidable. Properly quote arguments and escape any special characters within those arguments. The most conservative approach is to escape or filter all characters that do not pass an extremely strict allowlist (such as everything that is not alphanumeric or white space). If some special characters are still needed, such as white space, wrap each argument in quotes after the escaping/filtering step. Be careful of argument injection (CWE-88).
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Implementation
If the program to be executed allows arguments to be specified within an input file or from standard input, then consider using that mode to pass arguments instead of the command line.
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Architecture and Design
If available, use structured mechanisms that automatically enforce the separation between data and code. These mechanisms may be able to provide the relevant quoting, encoding, and validation automatically, instead of relying on the developer to provide this capability at every point where output is generated.
Some languages offer multiple functions that can be used to invoke commands. Where possible, identify any function that invokes a command shell using a single string, and replace it with a function that requires individual arguments. These functions typically perform appropriate quoting and filtering of arguments. For example, in C, the system() function accepts a string that contains the entire command to be executed, whereas execl(), execve(), and others require an array of strings, one for each argument. In Windows, CreateProcess() only accepts one command at a time. In Perl, if system() is provided with an array of arguments, then it will quote each of the arguments.
Source: MITRE CWE-78
1,588 results · Clear filters · Feed
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Critical 9.0
ZoneMinder: Authenticated OS Command Injection via unsanitized Monitor Name in event export (download_functions.php)
ZoneMinder is a free, open source closed-circuit television software application. Prior to 1.38.3, downloadEvents() manually wraps a monitor Name value in single quotes instead of using escapeshellarg() before placing it in shell commands when a user with mon…
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Critical 9.9CVE-2026-57155 Public exploit
OPNsense: Root RCE via Arbitrary File Write in GeoIP Alias Importer
OPNsense is a FreeBSD based firewall and routing platform. Prior to version 26.1.11, the Firewall Alias GeoIP importer's process_zip() and process_gzip() paths in src/opnsense/scripts/filter/lib/alias/geoip.py use an unvalidated CSV country_code value to cons…
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Critical 10.0
Wavlink WL-WN530BE2-A Login Processing api.cgi sub_12580 os command injection
A vulnerability has been found in Wavlink WL-WN530BE2-A up to M30BE2_V250604. The affected element is the function sub_12580 of the file api.cgi of the component Login Processing. The manipulation of the argument REMOTE_ADDR leads to os command injection. It …
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Critical 9.3
Pre-Authentication Command Injection
An OS command injection vulnerability has been reported to affect HybridDesk Station. If exploited, the vulnerability could allow remote attackers to execute arbitrary commands. We have already fixed the vulnerability in the following version: HybridDesk Stat…
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Critical 10.0
D-Link DIR-868L HNAP CGI cgibin system os command injection
A vulnerability was determined in D-Link DIR-868L 2.01b05. This impacts the function system of the file /htdocs/cgibin of the component HNAP CGI Handler. Executing a manipulation of the argument SOAPACTION can lead to os command injection. The attack may be l…
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Critical 9.8
Junos OS Evolved: A low-privileged TACACS+ user causes root command execution when authorization refresh is enabled
An OS Command Injection vulnerability in TACACS of Juniper Networks Junos OS Evolved allows a low-privileged TACACS+-authenticated user to execute commands with root privileges when periodic TACACS+ authorization-refresh is enabled.
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Critical 9.8
Thumbnail through 1.5 OS Command Injection via generate_thumbnail File Paths
The thumbnail Python package through 1.5 contains an OS command injection vulnerability in generate_thumbnail() that allows attackers to execute commands by supplying shell metacharacters in file paths. Attackers who control a file name passed to generate_thu…
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Critical 9.8
Stills before 25.24.2 OS Command Injection via Media File Names
Stills before 25.24.2 contains an OS command injection vulnerability that allows attackers to execute shell commands by supplying crafted media file paths. Attackers can name a media file with $(...) or backticks to execute operating system commands with Node…
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Critical 9.8
Video-stitch before 2.0.0-beta.1 OS Command Injection via concat() and cut()
Video-stitch before 2.0.0-beta.1 contains an OS command injection vulnerability that allows attackers to execute commands by supplying file names interpolated unquoted into shell-executed ffmpeg command lines. Attackers who influence file names passed to conc…
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Critical 9.8
nodejs-whisper through 0.3.1 OS Command Injection via convertToWavType
nodejs-whisper through 0.3.1 contains an OS command injection vulnerability in convertToWavType() that allows attackers to execute commands by supplying crafted audio file paths. Attackers can provide file names containing $() command substitution or closing …
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Critical 9.8
transcribe2texts through 1.0.6 OS Command Injection via transcribeAudio audioPath
transcribe2texts through 1.0.6 contains an OS command injection vulnerability that allows attackers to execute commands by supplying crafted audioPath values to transcribeAudio(). Attackers can inject $() or backtick substitution or a closing quote into the u…
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Critical 9.8
Whisper-node through 1.1.1 OS Command Injection via filePath and language
Whisper-node through 1.1.1 contains an OS command injection vulnerability that allows attackers to execute commands by supplying crafted filePath or whisperOptions.language values to whisper(). Attackers can inject shell metacharacters or $() substitution int…
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Critical 9.8
@mborne/extract before 0.2.1 OS Command Injection via archivePath and targetDir
@mborne/extract before 0.2.1 contains an OS command injection vulnerability that allows attackers to execute commands by supplying shell metacharacters in archivePath or targetDir options. Attackers controlling these values passed to extract() can inject comm…
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Critical 9.8
doc-recog through 1.1.6 OS Command Injection via DocData._readPDF File Path
doc-recog through 1.1.6 contains an OS command injection vulnerability that allows attackers to execute commands by supplying crafted document paths to recog() or tag(). Attackers can embed $(...) or backtick command substitution in the file path, which DocDa…
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Critical 9.8
pypdftk through 0.5 OS Command Injection via PDF and Output Paths
pypdftk through 0.5 contains an OS command injection vulnerability in fill_form(), dump_data_fields(), and pdftk_cmd_util() that builds shell commands from caller-supplied paths. Attackers controlling pdf_path or out_file can inject shell metacharacters inter…
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Critical 9.8
webp-converter before 3.0.0 OS Command Injection via File Names and Options
webp-converter before 3.0.0 contains an OS command injection vulnerability in src/webpconverter.js helpers that run libwebp binaries via execFile with shell enabled. Attackers controlling file names or option strings passed to cwebp, dwebp, gwebp, or webpmux …
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Critical 9.8CVE-2026-110634 Public exploit
git-diff before 2.0.7 OS Command Injection via gitDiff Input Strings
git-diff before 2.0.7 contains an OS command injection vulnerability that allows attackers to execute shell commands by supplying crafted strings to the gitDiff API. Attackers who control a diffed document string can embed $(cmd) or backtick substitutions tha…
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Critical 9.8
office-converter through 1.0.2 OS Command Injection via fileName in generatePdf
office-converter through 1.0.2 contains an OS command injection vulnerability that allows attackers to execute commands by supplying a crafted fileName to generatePdf() or generateHtml(). Attackers can embed $(...), backticks, or a closing quote with shell me…
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Critical 9.8
OS Command in TR7 Cyber Defense's TR7 ASP
Improper neutralization of special elements used in an OS command ('OS command injection') vulnerability in TR7 Cyber Defense Inc. TR7 ASP on virtual appliance and TR7 Cyber Defense Inc. TR7 ASP on physical appliance allows OS Command Injection. This issu…
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Critical 9.2
Collabora Online Built-in CODE Server before 26.4.303 (richdocumentscode), a Nextcloud app, allows remote code executio…
KEV Oct 23, 2026 -
Critical 9.8
Samsung QA-Board — Unauthenticated OS command injection via output redo/tuning
Improper neutralization of special elements used in an OS command ('OS command injection') vulnerability in Samsung Open Source QA-Board allows : OS Command Injection.
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Critical 9.9
Adobe Experience Manager | Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command ('OS Command Injection') (CWE-78)
Adobe Experience Manager is affected by an Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command ('OS Command Injection') vulnerability that could result in arbitrary code execution in the context of the current user. A low-privileged attacker cou…
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Critical 9.3
CVFS Command Execution
CVFS contained an input validation issue affecting command execution. Software customers upgrade to resolved maintenance release. Update CVFS.
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Critical 10.0
Wavlink WL-WN592AX6 wmapd system os command injection
A flaw has been found in Wavlink WL-WN592AX6 250422. This issue affects the function system of the component wmapd Daemon. Executing a manipulation can lead to os command injection. It is possible to launch the attack remotely. The exploit has been published …
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Critical 9.9
Wavlink WL-WN530BE1-A uploadVpn.cgi popen os command injection
A security vulnerability has been detected in Wavlink WL-WN530BE1-A 251117. This affects the function popen of the file /cgi-bin/uploadVpn.cgi. Such manipulation of the argument Type leads to os command injection. The attack may be performed from remote. The …
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Critical 9.8CVE-2026-104584 Public exploit
reNgine up to v2.2.0 and current master branch (commit de4199222cca5618f1255930ce78987e47d43a99) is vulnerable to OS Co…
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Critical 9.8
GPT-SoVITS through 20250606v2pro OS Command Injection via UVR5 vr.py
GPT-SoVITS through 20250606v2pro contains an OS command injection vulnerability in tools/uvr5/vr.py that allows unauthenticated attackers to execute commands via output folder paths. Attackers can enter shell substitutions like $(...) in the UVR5 WebUI output…
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Critical 9.9
Linksys E1700 setLinksysIpv6 os command injection
A vulnerability was found in Linksys E1700 1.0.0.4.003. This affects the function setLinksysIpv6 of the file /goform/setLinksysIpv6. The manipulation of the argument _6rd_prefix/_6rd_prefix_len results in os command injection. The attack can be launched remot…
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Critical 9.9
Linksys E1700 setDMZ os command injection
A weakness has been identified in Linksys E1700 1.0.0.4.003. The affected element is the function setDMZ of the file /goform/setDMZ. Executing a manipulation of the argument MAC_addr can lead to os command injection. The attack can be executed remotely. The e…
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Critical 9.9
Linksys E1700 Static Route addStaticRoute os command injection
A security flaw has been discovered in Linksys E1700 1.0.0.4.003. Impacted is the function addStaticRoute of the file /goform/addStaticRoute of the component Static Route Handler. Performing a manipulation of the argument staticRoute_IP_setting/staticRoute_Ne…
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Critical 10.0
TRENDnet TEW-751DR/TEW-752DRU/TEW733GR Web Management Backend pigwidgeon.cgi fwrite os command injection
A vulnerability was detected in TRENDnet TEW-751DR, TEW-752DRU and TEW733GR 1.03B01/1.03B03. Affected is the function fwrite of the file pigwidgeon.cgi of the component Web Management Backend. The manipulation of the argument service results in os command inj…
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Critical 10.0
TOZED X300 IPPingDiagnostics process_ping os command injection
A vulnerability was found in TOZED X300 up to 6.01.3. This vulnerability affects the function process_ping of the component IPPingDiagnostics Handler. The manipulation of the argument Host results in os command injection. The attack can be launched remotely. …
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Critical 9.9
OpenSpug File Transfer transfer os command injection
A flaw has been found in OpenSpug Spug up to 3.4.0/4.0.1. This impacts an unknown function of the file /exec/transfer of the component File Transfer. Executing a manipulation can lead to os command injection. The attack may be launched remotely. The exploit h…
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Critical 9.8
An issue in Netcore B11 Enterprise-level full Gigabit 9-port shop wireless router v1.3.241114.024540 and before allows …
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Critical 9.8
Dromara Skyeye Unauthenticated OS Command Injection via textToSpeech format Parameter
Dromara Skyeye through commit 003549ae5615bd114ba5bb8ddf6a8e8ead97c321 contains an OS command injection vulnerability in the unauthenticated /post/TtsController/textToSpeech endpoint via the format parameter. Attackers can inject a single quote into format to…
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Critical 9.9
Command Injection
A command injection vulnerability in the Active Directory Events Listener of Tenable Identity Exposure (SaaS) allows an authenticated, low-privileged attacker to execute arbitrary commands as SYSTEM on the PDCe.
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Critical 9.8
image_optimizer 1.3.0 through 1.9.0 OS Command Injection via identify_format
The image_optimizer Ruby gem 1.3.0 through 1.9.0 contains an OS command injection vulnerability in ImageOptimizer#identify_format that allows attackers to execute commands by supplying a crafted image path when the identify option is enabled. Attackers contro…
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Critical 9.8
@enmaso/node-convert through 1.0.0 OS Command Injection via filepath and convertTo
@enmaso/node-convert through 1.0.0 contains an OS command injection vulnerability in convert.js that allows attackers to execute shell commands via unsanitized filepath and convertTo arguments. Attackers can inject shell metacharacters or a single quote into …
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Critical 9.8
ppt2png through 0.0.6 OS Command Injection via input and output paths
ppt2png through 0.0.6 contains an OS command injection vulnerability that allows attackers to execute operating system commands by supplying unsanitized input or output path arguments. Attackers can append shell metacharacters such as ';' to file names passed…
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Critical 9.8
Iskratel Innbox Unauthenticated Remote Code Execution via login.xgi CLI Parameter
OS Command Injection in the login.xgi CGI endpoint in Iskratel Innbox GPON ONT devices allows an unauthenticated remote attacker to execute arbitrary commands as root via the CLI parameter.