Weakness (CWE)
CWE-78: OS Command Injection
The product constructs all or part of an OS command using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify the intended OS command before it is sent to a downstream component.
How to prevent it (8 mitigations)
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Architecture and Design
If at all possible, use library calls rather than external processes to recreate the desired functionality.
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Architecture and Design, Operation
Run the code in a "jail" or similar sandbox environment that enforces strict boundaries between the process and the operating system. This may effectively restrict which files can be accessed in a particular directory or which commands can be executed by the software.
OS-level examples include the Unix chroot jail, AppArmor, and SELinux. In general, managed code may provide some protection. For example, java.io.FilePermission in the Java SecurityManager allows the software to specify restrictions on file operations.
This may not be a feasible solution, and it only limits the impact to the operating system; the rest of the application may still be subject to compromise.
Be careful to avoid CWE-243 and other weaknesses related to jails.
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Architecture and Design
For any data that will be used to generate a command to be executed, keep as much of that data out of external control as possible. For example, in web applications, this may require storing the data locally in the session's state instead of sending it out to the client in a hidden form field.
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Architecture and Design
For any security checks that are performed on the client side, ensure that these checks are duplicated on the server side, in order to avoid CWE-602. Attackers can bypass the client-side checks by modifying values after the checks have been performed, or by changing the client to remove the client-side checks entirely. Then, these modified values would be submitted to the server.
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Architecture and Design
Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
For example, consider using the ESAPI Encoding control [REF-45] or a similar tool, library, or framework. These will help the programmer encode outputs in a manner less prone to error.
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Implementation
While it is risky to use dynamically-generated query strings, code, or commands that mix control and data together, sometimes it may be unavoidable. Properly quote arguments and escape any special characters within those arguments. The most conservative approach is to escape or filter all characters that do not pass an extremely strict allowlist (such as everything that is not alphanumeric or white space). If some special characters are still needed, such as white space, wrap each argument in quotes after the escaping/filtering step. Be careful of argument injection (CWE-88).
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Implementation
If the program to be executed allows arguments to be specified within an input file or from standard input, then consider using that mode to pass arguments instead of the command line.
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Architecture and Design
If available, use structured mechanisms that automatically enforce the separation between data and code. These mechanisms may be able to provide the relevant quoting, encoding, and validation automatically, instead of relying on the developer to provide this capability at every point where output is generated.
Some languages offer multiple functions that can be used to invoke commands. Where possible, identify any function that invokes a command shell using a single string, and replace it with a function that requires individual arguments. These functions typically perform appropriate quoting and filtering of arguments. For example, in C, the system() function accepts a string that contains the entire command to be executed, whereas execl(), execve(), and others require an array of strings, one for each argument. In Windows, CreateProcess() only accepts one command at a time. In Perl, if system() is provided with an array of arguments, then it will quote each of the arguments.
Source: MITRE CWE-78
72 results · Clear filters · Feed
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Critical 9.8
Command Injection Vulnerability in QTS and QuTS hero
A command injection vulnerability has been reported to affect QTS and QuTS hero. If exploited, this vulnerability allows attackers to execute arbitrary commands in a compromised application. We have already fixed this vulnerability in the following versions: …
KEV Apr 11, 2022 -
Critical 9.8
Accellion FTA 9_12_370 and earlier is affected by OS command execution via a crafted POST request to various admin endp…
KEV Nov 3, 2021 -
Critical 9.8
Remote Code execution vulnerability in Micro Focus Operation Bridge Reporter (OBR) product, affecting version 10.40. Th…
KEV Nov 3, 2021 -
Critical 9.8
D-Link DNS-320 FW v2.06B01 Revision Ax is affected by command injection in the system_mgr.cgi component, which can lead…
KEV Nov 3, 2021 -
Critical 9.1
VMware Workspace One Access, Access Connector, Identity Manager, and Identity Manager Connector address have a command …
KEV Nov 3, 2021 -
Critical 9.8
SaltStack Salt Command Injection in netapi ssh client
An issue was discovered in SaltStack Salt through 3002. Sending crafted web requests to the Salt API, with the SSH client enabled, can result in shell injection.
KEV Nov 3, 2021 -
Critical 9.8
If exploited, this command injection vulnerability could allow remote attackers to run arbitrary commands. QNAP has alr…
KEV May 24, 2022 -
Critical 9.8
A remote code execution vulnerability exists in the WebAdmin of Sophos SG UTM before v9.705 MR5, v9.607 MR7, and v9.511…
KEV Mar 25, 2022 -
Critical 9.8
The goform/setUsbUnload endpoint of Tenda AC15 AC1900 version 15.03.05.19 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary …
KEV Nov 3, 2021 -
Critical 9.8
On DrayTek Vigor3900, Vigor2960, and Vigor300B devices before 1.5.1, cgi-bin/mainfunction.cgi/cvmcfgupload allows remot…
KEV Sep 30, 2024 -
Critical 9.1
Pi-hole Web v4.3.2 (aka AdminLTE) allows Remote Code Execution by privileged dashboard users via a crafted DHCP static …
KEV Dec 10, 2021 -
Critical 9.1
IBM Data Risk Manager 2.0.1, 2.0.2, 2.0.3, and 2.0.4 could allow a remote authenticated attacker to execute arbitrary c…
KEV Nov 3, 2021 -
Critical 9.8
rcube_image.php in Roundcube Webmail before 1.4.4 allows attackers to execute arbitrary code via shell metacharacters i…
KEV Jun 22, 2023 -
Critical 9.8
ZyXEL NAS products running firmware version 5.21 and earlier are vulnerable to pre-authentication command injection in weblogin.cgi
Multiple ZyXEL network-attached storage (NAS) devices running firmware version 5.21 contain a pre-authentication command injection vulnerability, which may allow a remote, unauthenticated attacker to execute arbitrary code on a vulnerable device. ZyXEL NAS de…
KEV Mar 25, 2022 -
Critical 9.8
DrayTek Vigor2960 1.3.1_Beta, Vigor3900 1.4.4_Beta, and Vigor300B 1.3.3_Beta, 1.4.2.1_Beta, and 1.4.4_Beta devices allo…
KEV Nov 3, 2021 -
Critical 9.8
The UPnP endpoint URL /gena.cgi in the D-Link DIR-859 Wi-Fi router 1.05 and 1.06B01 Beta01 allows an Unauthenticated re…
KEV Jun 29, 2023 -
Critical 9.9
Remote Code Execution Vulnerability in NPM mongo-express
mongo-express before 0.54.0 is vulnerable to Remote Code Execution via endpoints that uses the `toBSON` method. A misuse of the `vm` dependency to perform `exec` commands in a non-safe environment.
KEV Dec 10, 2021 -
Critical 9.8
Unauthenticated remote code execution occurs in D-Link products such as DIR-655C, DIR-866L, DIR-652, and DHP-1565. The …
KEV Mar 25, 2022 -
Critical 9.8
The login_mgr.cgi script in D-Link DNS-320 through 2.05.B10 is vulnerable to remote command injection.
KEV Apr 15, 2022 -
Critical 9.8
An issue was discovered in Webmin <=1.920. The parameter old in password_change.cgi contains a command injection vulner…
KEV Mar 25, 2022 -
Critical 9.8
Linear eMerge E3-Series devices allow Command Injections.
KEV Mar 25, 2024 -
Critical 9.0
A flaw was found in Exim versions 4.87 to 4.91 (inclusive). Improper validation of recipient address in deliver_message…
KEV Jan 10, 2022 -
Critical 9.8
LG N1A1 NAS 3718.510 is affected by: Remote Command Execution. The impact is: execute arbitrary code (remote). The atta…
KEV Mar 25, 2022 -
Critical 9.8
The ZyXEL P660HN-T1A v1 TCLinux Fw $7.3.15.0 v001 / 3.40(ULM.0)b31 router distributed by TrueOnline has a command injec…
KEV Aug 7, 2023 -
Critical 9.8CVE-2018-14558 Exploited
An issue was discovered on Tenda AC7 devices with firmware through V15.03.06.44_CN(AC7), AC9 devices with firmware thro…
KEV Nov 3, 2021 -
Critical 9.8
upgrade_handle.php on NUUO NVRmini devices allows Remote Command Execution via shell metacharacters in the uploaddir pa…
KEV Dec 18, 2024 -
Critical 9.8
The '/common/download_agent_installer.php' script in the Quest KACE System Management Appliance 8.0.318 is accessible b…
KEV Mar 25, 2022 -
Critical 9.8
An issue was discovered on Dasan GPON home routers. Command Injection can occur via the dest_host parameter in a diag_a…
KEV Mar 31, 2022 -
Critical 9.8
OS command injection vulnerability in soap.cgi (soapcgi_main in cgibin) in D-Link DIR-880L DIR-880L_REVA_FIRMWARE_PATCH…
KEV Sep 8, 2022 -
Critical 9.8
ping.cgi on NETGEAR DGN2200 devices with firmware through 10.0.0.50 allows remote authenticated users to execute arbitr…
KEV Mar 7, 2022 -
Critical 9.8
GNU Bash through 4.3 bash43-025 processes trailing strings after certain malformed function definitions in the values o…
KEV Jan 28, 2022 -
Critical 9.8
GNU Bash through 4.3 processes trailing strings after function definitions in the values of environment variables, whic…
KEV Jan 28, 2022