Weakness (CWE)
CWE-78: OS Command Injection
The product constructs all or part of an OS command using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify the intended OS command before it is sent to a downstream component.
How to prevent it (8 mitigations)
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Architecture and Design
If at all possible, use library calls rather than external processes to recreate the desired functionality.
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Architecture and Design, Operation
Run the code in a "jail" or similar sandbox environment that enforces strict boundaries between the process and the operating system. This may effectively restrict which files can be accessed in a particular directory or which commands can be executed by the software.
OS-level examples include the Unix chroot jail, AppArmor, and SELinux. In general, managed code may provide some protection. For example, java.io.FilePermission in the Java SecurityManager allows the software to specify restrictions on file operations.
This may not be a feasible solution, and it only limits the impact to the operating system; the rest of the application may still be subject to compromise.
Be careful to avoid CWE-243 and other weaknesses related to jails.
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Architecture and Design
For any data that will be used to generate a command to be executed, keep as much of that data out of external control as possible. For example, in web applications, this may require storing the data locally in the session's state instead of sending it out to the client in a hidden form field.
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Architecture and Design
For any security checks that are performed on the client side, ensure that these checks are duplicated on the server side, in order to avoid CWE-602. Attackers can bypass the client-side checks by modifying values after the checks have been performed, or by changing the client to remove the client-side checks entirely. Then, these modified values would be submitted to the server.
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Architecture and Design
Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
For example, consider using the ESAPI Encoding control [REF-45] or a similar tool, library, or framework. These will help the programmer encode outputs in a manner less prone to error.
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Implementation
While it is risky to use dynamically-generated query strings, code, or commands that mix control and data together, sometimes it may be unavoidable. Properly quote arguments and escape any special characters within those arguments. The most conservative approach is to escape or filter all characters that do not pass an extremely strict allowlist (such as everything that is not alphanumeric or white space). If some special characters are still needed, such as white space, wrap each argument in quotes after the escaping/filtering step. Be careful of argument injection (CWE-88).
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Implementation
If the program to be executed allows arguments to be specified within an input file or from standard input, then consider using that mode to pass arguments instead of the command line.
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Architecture and Design
If available, use structured mechanisms that automatically enforce the separation between data and code. These mechanisms may be able to provide the relevant quoting, encoding, and validation automatically, instead of relying on the developer to provide this capability at every point where output is generated.
Some languages offer multiple functions that can be used to invoke commands. Where possible, identify any function that invokes a command shell using a single string, and replace it with a function that requires individual arguments. These functions typically perform appropriate quoting and filtering of arguments. For example, in C, the system() function accepts a string that contains the entire command to be executed, whereas execl(), execve(), and others require an array of strings, one for each argument. In Windows, CreateProcess() only accepts one command at a time. In Perl, if system() is provided with an array of arguments, then it will quote each of the arguments.
Source: MITRE CWE-78
1,588 results · Clear filters · Feed
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Critical 9.8
Totolink A8000RU CGI cstecgi.cgi setWiFiEasyGuestCfg os command injection
A security flaw has been discovered in Totolink A8000RU 7.1cu.643_b20200521. The impacted element is the function setWiFiEasyGuestCfg of the file /cgi-bin/cstecgi.cgi of the component CGI Handler. The manipulation of the argument merge results in os command i…
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Critical 9.8
Totolink A8000RU CGI cstecgi.cgi setRadvdCfg os command injection
A vulnerability was identified in Totolink A8000RU 7.1cu.643_b20200521. The affected element is the function setRadvdCfg of the file /cgi-bin/cstecgi.cgi of the component CGI Handler. The manipulation of the argument maxRtrAdvInterval leads to os command inje…
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Critical 9.8
Totolink A8000RU CGI cstecgi.cgi setOpenVpnClientCfg os command injection
A vulnerability was determined in Totolink A8000RU 7.1cu.643_b20200521. Impacted is the function setOpenVpnClientCfg of the file /cgi-bin/cstecgi.cgi of the component CGI Handler. Executing a manipulation of the argument enabled can lead to os command injecti…
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Critical 9.8
Totolink A8000RU CGI cstecgi.cgi setWiFiBasicCfg os command injection
A vulnerability was found in Totolink A8000RU 7.1cu.643_b20200521. This issue affects the function setWiFiBasicCfg of the file /cgi-bin/cstecgi.cgi of the component CGI Handler. Performing a manipulation of the argument wifiOff results in os command injection…
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Critical 9.8
Totolink A8000RU CGI cstecgi.cgi setVpnAccountCfg os command injection
A vulnerability has been found in Totolink A8000RU 7.1cu.643_b20200521. This vulnerability affects the function setVpnAccountCfg of the file /cgi-bin/cstecgi.cgi of the component CGI Handler. Such manipulation of the argument User leads to os command injectio…
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Critical 9.8
Totolink A8000RU CGI cstecgi.cgi setPptpServerCfg os command injection
A vulnerability was determined in Totolink A8000RU 7.1cu.643_b20200521. This issue affects the function setPptpServerCfg of the file /cgi-bin/cstecgi.cgi of the component CGI Handler. This manipulation of the argument enable causes os command injection. The a…
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Critical 9.8
Totolink A8000RU CGI cstecgi.cgi setUrlFilterRules os command injection
A vulnerability was found in Totolink A8000RU 7.1cu.643_b20200521. This vulnerability affects the function setUrlFilterRules of the file /cgi-bin/cstecgi.cgi of the component CGI Handler. The manipulation of the argument enable results in os command injection…
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Critical 9.8
Totolink A8000RU CGI cstecgi.cgi setWiFiWpsStart os command injection
A vulnerability has been found in Totolink A8000RU 7.1cu.643_b20200521. This affects the function setWiFiWpsStart of the file /cgi-bin/cstecgi.cgi of the component CGI Handler. The manipulation of the argument wscDisabled leads to os command injection. The at…
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Critical 9.8
Totolink A8000RU CGI cstecgi.cgi CsteSystem os command injection
A vulnerability was detected in Totolink A8000RU 7.1cu.643_b20200521. Affected is the function CsteSystem of the file /cgi-bin/cstecgi.cgi of the component CGI Handler. The manipulation of the argument HTTP results in os command injection. The attack may be l…
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Critical 9.8
Totolink A8000RU CGI cstecgi.cgi setLoginPasswordCfg os command injection
A security vulnerability has been detected in Totolink A8000RU 7.1cu.643_b20200521. This impacts the function setLoginPasswordCfg of the file /cgi-bin/cstecgi.cgi of the component CGI Handler. The manipulation of the argument admpass leads to os command injec…
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Critical 9.8
Totolink A8000RU CGI cstecgi.cgi setAdvancedInfoShow os command injection
A weakness has been identified in Totolink A8000RU 7.1cu.643_b20200521. This affects the function setAdvancedInfoShow of the file /cgi-bin/cstecgi.cgi of the component CGI Handler. Executing a manipulation of the argument tty_server can lead to os command inj…
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Critical 9.8
Totolink A8000RU CGI cstecgi.cgi setMiniuiHomeInfoShow os command injection
A security flaw has been discovered in Totolink A8000RU 7.1cu.643_b20200521. The impacted element is the function setMiniuiHomeInfoShow of the file /cgi-bin/cstecgi.cgi of the component CGI Handler. Performing a manipulation of the argument sys_info results i…
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Critical 9.8
Totolink A8000RU CGI cstecgi.cgi setTelnetCfg os command injection
A vulnerability was identified in Totolink A8000RU 7.1cu.643_b20200521. The affected element is the function setTelnetCfg of the file /cgi-bin/cstecgi.cgi of the component CGI Handler. Such manipulation of the argument telnet_enabled leads to os command injec…
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Critical 9.8
Totolink A8000RU CGI cstecgi.cgi CsteSystem os command injection
A vulnerability has been found in Totolink A8000RU 7.1cu.643_b20200521. Impacted is the function CsteSystem of the file /cgi-bin/cstecgi.cgi of the component CGI Handler. Such manipulation of the argument HTTP leads to os command injection. The attack may be …
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Critical 9.8
Totolink A8000RU CGI cstecgi.cgi setWiFiAclRules os command injection
A flaw has been found in Totolink A8000RU 7.1cu.643_b20200521. This issue affects the function setWiFiAclRules of the file /cgi-bin/cstecgi.cgi of the component CGI Handler. This manipulation of the argument mode causes os command injection. The attack is pos…
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Critical 9.8
Totolink A8000RU CGI cstecgi.cgi setNtpCfg os command injection
A vulnerability was detected in Totolink A8000RU 7.1cu.643_b20200521. This vulnerability affects the function setNtpCfg of the file /cgi-bin/cstecgi.cgi of the component CGI Handler. The manipulation of the argument tz results in os command injection. The att…
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Critical 9.8
Totolink A8000RU CGI cstecgi.cgi setStorageCfg os command injection
A security vulnerability has been detected in Totolink A8000RU 7.1cu.643_b20200521. This affects the function setStorageCfg of the file /cgi-bin/cstecgi.cgi of the component CGI Handler. The manipulation of the argument sambaEnabled leads to os command inject…
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Critical 9.8
Totolink A8000RU CGI cstecgi.cgi setDmzCfg os command injection
A weakness has been identified in Totolink A8000RU 7.1cu.643_b20200521. Affected by this issue is the function setDmzCfg of the file /cgi-bin/cstecgi.cgi of the component CGI Handler. Executing a manipulation of the argument wanIdx can lead to os command inje…
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Critical 9.8
Totolink A8000RU CGI cstecgi.cgi setWiFiEasyCfg os command injection
A vulnerability was identified in Totolink A8000RU 7.1cu.643_b20200521. Affected by this issue is the function setWiFiEasyCfg of the file /cgi-bin/cstecgi.cgi of the component CGI Handler. The manipulation of the argument merge leads to os command injection. …
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Critical 9.8
Totolink A8000RU CGI cstecgi.cgi setIpv6LanCfg os command injection
A vulnerability was determined in Totolink A8000RU 7.1cu.643_b20200521. Affected by this vulnerability is the function setIpv6LanCfg of the file /cgi-bin/cstecgi.cgi of the component CGI Handler. Executing a manipulation of the argument addrPrefixLen can lead…
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Critical 9.8
Totolink A8000RU CGI cstecgi.cgi setIptvCfg os command injection
A vulnerability was found in Totolink A8000RU 7.1cu.643_b20200521. Affected is the function setIptvCfg of the file /cgi-bin/cstecgi.cgi of the component CGI Handler. Performing a manipulation of the argument setIptvCfg results in os command injection. The att…
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Critical 9.8
Totolink A8000RU CGI cstecgi.cgi setUPnPCfg os command injection
A vulnerability has been found in Totolink A8000RU 7.1cu.643_b20200521. This impacts the function setUPnPCfg of the file /cgi-bin/cstecgi.cgi of the component CGI Handler. Such manipulation of the argument enable leads to os command injection. It is possible …
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Critical 9.8
Totolink A8000RU CGI cstecgi.cgi setWizardCfg os command injection
A flaw has been found in Totolink A8000RU 7.1cu.643_b20200521. This affects the function setWizardCfg of the file /cgi-bin/cstecgi.cgi of the component CGI Handler. This manipulation of the argument wizard causes os command injection. It is possible to initia…
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Critical 9.8
Totolink A8000RU CGI cstecgi.cgi setVpnPassCfg os command injection
A security flaw has been discovered in Totolink A8000RU 7.1cu.643_b20200521. This issue affects the function setVpnPassCfg of the file /cgi-bin/cstecgi.cgi of the component CGI Handler. The manipulation of the argument pptpPassThru results in os command injec…
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Critical 9.8
radare2-mcp <=1.6.0 OS Command Injection via Shell Metacharacter Bypass
radare2-mcp version 1.6.0 and earlier contains an os command injection vulnerability that allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary commands by bypassing the command filter through shell metacharacters in user-controlled input passed to r2_cmd_str(). Attac…
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Critical 9.2
RClone: Unauthenticated operations/fsinfo allows attacker-controlled backend instantiation and local command execution
Rclone is a command-line program to sync files and directories to and from different cloud storage providers. Starting in version 1.48.0 and prior to version 1.73.5, the RC endpoint `operations/fsinfo` is exposed without `AuthRequired: true` and accepts attac…
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Critical 9.8
An issue was discovered in ToToLink A3300R firmware v17.0.0cu.557_B20221024 allowing attackers to execute arbitrary com…
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Critical 9.8
An issue was discovered in ToToLink A3300R firmware v17.0.0cu.557_B20221024 allowing attackers to execute arbitrary com…
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Critical 9.8
An issue was discovered in ToToLink A3300R firmware v17.0.0cu.557_B20221024 allowing attackers to execute arbitrary com…
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Critical 9.3
AVideo has an incomplete fix for CVE-2026-33502 (Command Injection)
WWBN AVideo is an open source video platform. In versions up to and including 29.0, an incomplete fix for AVideo's `test.php` adds `escapeshellarg` for wget but leaves the `file_get_contents` and `curl` code paths unsanitized, and the URL validation regex `/^…
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Critical 10.0CVE-2026-40933 EPSS 12%
Flowise: Authenticated RCE Via MCP Adapters
Flowise is a drag & drop user interface to build a customized large language model flow. Prior to 3.1.0, due to unsafe serialization of stdio commands in the MCP adapter, an authenticated attacker can add an MCP stdio server with an arbitrary command, achievi…
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Critical 9.4
This Critical severity OS Command Injection vulnerability was introduced in versions 9.6.0, 10.0.0, 10.1.0, 10.2.0, 11.…
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Critical 9.8
NewSoft｜NewSoftOA - OS Command Injection
NewSoftOA developed by NewSoft has an OS Command Injection vulnerability, allowing unauthenticated local attackers to inject arbitrary OS commands and execute them on the server.
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Critical 9.3
Command Injection and Docker container escape allows root on host machine
Flowsint is an open-source OSINT graph exploration tool designed for cybersecurity investigation, transparency, and verification. Flowsint allows a user to create investigations, which are used to manage sketches and analyses. Sketches have controllable graph…
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Critical 9.4CVE-2026-6644 Public exploit
A command injection vulnerability was found in the PPTP VPN Clients on the ADM
A command injection vulnerability was found in the PPTP VPN Clients on the ADM. The vulnerability allows an administrative user to break out of the restricted web environment and execute arbitrary code on the underlying operating system. This occurs due to in…
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Critical 9.4CVE-2026-23500 Public exploit
Dolibarr: OS Command Injection (RCE) via MAIN_ODT_AS_PDF configuration
Dolibarr is an enterprise resource planning (ERP) and customer relationship management (CRM) software package. In versions prior to 23.0.0 , the ODT to PDF conversion process in odf.php concatenates the MAIN_ODT_AS_PDF configuration constant directly into a s…
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Critical 9.8
HGiga｜iSherlock - OS Command Injection
The iSherlock developed by HGiga has an OS Command Injection vulnerability, allowing unauthenticated local attackers to inject arbitrary OS commands and execute them on the server.
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Critical 9.1
A improper neutralization of special elements used in an os command ('os command injection') vulnerability in Fortinet …
KEV Jul 16, 2026 -
Critical 9.8
PraisonAI: Critical RCE via `type: job` workflow YAML
PraisonAI is a multi-agent teams system. In versions below 4.5.139 of PraisonAI and 1.5.140 of praisonaiagents, the workflow engine is vulnerable to arbitrary command and code execution through untrusted YAML files. When praisonai workflow run <file.yaml> loa…
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Critical 9.8CVE-2026-6195 EPSS 14%
Totolink A7100RU CGI cstecgi.cgi setPasswordCfg os command injection
A security vulnerability has been detected in Totolink A7100RU 7.4cu.2313_b20191024. Affected by this issue is the function setPasswordCfg of the file /cgi-bin/cstecgi.cgi of the component CGI Handler. Such manipulation of the argument admpass leads to os com…