Weakness (CWE)
CWE-78: OS Command Injection
The product constructs all or part of an OS command using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify the intended OS command before it is sent to a downstream component.
How to prevent it (8 mitigations)
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Architecture and Design
If at all possible, use library calls rather than external processes to recreate the desired functionality.
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Architecture and Design, Operation
Run the code in a "jail" or similar sandbox environment that enforces strict boundaries between the process and the operating system. This may effectively restrict which files can be accessed in a particular directory or which commands can be executed by the software.
OS-level examples include the Unix chroot jail, AppArmor, and SELinux. In general, managed code may provide some protection. For example, java.io.FilePermission in the Java SecurityManager allows the software to specify restrictions on file operations.
This may not be a feasible solution, and it only limits the impact to the operating system; the rest of the application may still be subject to compromise.
Be careful to avoid CWE-243 and other weaknesses related to jails.
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Architecture and Design
For any data that will be used to generate a command to be executed, keep as much of that data out of external control as possible. For example, in web applications, this may require storing the data locally in the session's state instead of sending it out to the client in a hidden form field.
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Architecture and Design
For any security checks that are performed on the client side, ensure that these checks are duplicated on the server side, in order to avoid CWE-602. Attackers can bypass the client-side checks by modifying values after the checks have been performed, or by changing the client to remove the client-side checks entirely. Then, these modified values would be submitted to the server.
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Architecture and Design
Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
For example, consider using the ESAPI Encoding control [REF-45] or a similar tool, library, or framework. These will help the programmer encode outputs in a manner less prone to error.
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Implementation
While it is risky to use dynamically-generated query strings, code, or commands that mix control and data together, sometimes it may be unavoidable. Properly quote arguments and escape any special characters within those arguments. The most conservative approach is to escape or filter all characters that do not pass an extremely strict allowlist (such as everything that is not alphanumeric or white space). If some special characters are still needed, such as white space, wrap each argument in quotes after the escaping/filtering step. Be careful of argument injection (CWE-88).
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Implementation
If the program to be executed allows arguments to be specified within an input file or from standard input, then consider using that mode to pass arguments instead of the command line.
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Architecture and Design
If available, use structured mechanisms that automatically enforce the separation between data and code. These mechanisms may be able to provide the relevant quoting, encoding, and validation automatically, instead of relying on the developer to provide this capability at every point where output is generated.
Some languages offer multiple functions that can be used to invoke commands. Where possible, identify any function that invokes a command shell using a single string, and replace it with a function that requires individual arguments. These functions typically perform appropriate quoting and filtering of arguments. For example, in C, the system() function accepts a string that contains the entire command to be executed, whereas execl(), execve(), and others require an array of strings, one for each argument. In Windows, CreateProcess() only accepts one command at a time. In Perl, if system() is provided with an array of arguments, then it will quote each of the arguments.
Source: MITRE CWE-78
1,588 results · Clear filters · Feed
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Critical 9.8
Totolink A7100RU CGI cstecgi.cgi setIpQosRules os command injection
A security vulnerability has been detected in Totolink A7100RU 7.4cu.2313_b20191024. This affects the function setIpQosRules of the file /cgi-bin/cstecgi.cgi of the component CGI Handler. The manipulation of the argument Comment leads to os command injection.…
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Critical 9.8
Totolink A7100RU CGI cstecgi.cgi setWanCfg os command injection
A weakness has been identified in Totolink A7100RU 7.4cu.2313. The impacted element is the function setWanCfg of the file /cgi-bin/cstecgi.cgi of the component CGI Handler. Executing a manipulation of the argument pppoeServiceName can lead to os command injec…
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Critical 9.8
Totolink A7100RU CGI cstecgi.cgi setWizardCfg os command injection
A security flaw has been discovered in Totolink A7100RU 7.4cu.2313_b20191024. The affected element is the function setWizardCfg of the file /cgi-bin/cstecgi.cgi of the component CGI Handler. Performing a manipulation of the argument wizard results in os comma…
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Critical 9.8
Totolink A7100RU CGI cstecgi.cgi UploadFirmwareFile os command injection
A vulnerability was found in Totolink A7100RU 7.4cu.2313_b20191024. This impacts the function UploadFirmwareFile of the file /cgi-bin/cstecgi.cgi of the component CGI Handler. Performing a manipulation of the argument FileName results in os command injection.…
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Critical 9.8
Totolink A7100RU CGI cstecgi.cgi UploadOpenVpnCert os command injection
A vulnerability has been found in Totolink A7100RU 7.4cu.2313_b20191024. This affects the function UploadOpenVpnCert of the file /cgi-bin/cstecgi.cgi of the component CGI Handler. Such manipulation of the argument FileName leads to os command injection. The a…
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Critical 9.8
Totolink A7100RU CGI cstecgi.cgi setAccessDeviceCfg os command injection
A flaw has been found in Totolink A7100RU 7.4cu.2313_b20191024. The impacted element is the function setAccessDeviceCfg of the file /cgi-bin/cstecgi.cgi of the component CGI Handler. This manipulation of the argument mac causes os command injection. The attac…
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Critical 9.8
Totolink A7100RU CGI cstecgi.cgi setLedCfg os command injection
A vulnerability was determined in Totolink A7100RU 7.4cu.2313_b20191024. Affected by this issue is the function setLedCfg of the file /cgi-bin/cstecgi.cgi of the component CGI Handler. This manipulation of the argument enable causes os command injection. Remo…
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Critical 9.8
Totolink A7100RU CGI cstecgi.cgi setTracerouteCfg os command injection
A vulnerability was found in Totolink A7100RU 7.4cu.2313_b20191024. Affected by this vulnerability is the function setTracerouteCfg of the file /cgi-bin/cstecgi.cgi of the component CGI Handler. The manipulation of the argument command results in os command i…
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Critical 9.8
Totolink A7100RU CGI cstecgi.cgi setDiagnosisCfg os command injection
A vulnerability has been found in Totolink A7100RU 7.4cu.2313_b20191024. This vulnerability affects the function setDiagnosisCfg of the file /cgi-bin/cstecgi.cgi of the component CGI Handler. The manipulation of the argument ip leads to os command injection. …
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Critical 9.8
Totolink A7100RU CGI cstecgi.cgi setAppCfg os command injection
A flaw has been found in Totolink A7100RU 7.4cu.2313_b20191024. This affects the function setAppCfg of the file /cgi-bin/cstecgi.cgi of the component CGI Handler. Executing a manipulation of the argument enable can lead to os command injection. The attack may…
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Critical 9.8
Totolink A7100RU CGI cstecgi.cgi setNetworkCfg os command injection
A vulnerability was detected in Totolink A7100RU 7.4cu.2313_b20191024. Affected by this issue is the function setNetworkCfg of the file /cgi-bin/cstecgi.cgi of the component CGI Handler. Performing a manipulation of the argument proto results in os command in…
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Critical 9.8
Totolink A7100RU CGI cstecgi.cgi setTtyServiceCfg os command injection
A security vulnerability has been detected in Totolink A7100RU 7.4cu.2313_b20191024. Affected by this vulnerability is the function setTtyServiceCfg of the file /cgi-bin/cstecgi.cgi of the component CGI Handler. Such manipulation of the argument ttyEnable lea…
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Critical 9.8
Totolink A7100RU CGI cstecgi.cgi setRadvdCfg os command injection
A weakness has been identified in Totolink A7100RU 7.4cu.2313_b20191024. Affected is the function setRadvdCfg of the file /cgi-bin/cstecgi.cgi of the component CGI Handler. This manipulation of the argument maxRtrAdvInterval causes os command injection. The a…
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Critical 9.8CVE-2026-5059 Public exploit
aws-mcp-server AWS CLI Command Injection Remote Code Execution Vulnerability
aws-mcp-server AWS CLI Command Injection Remote Code Execution Vulnerability. This vulnerability allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code on affected installations of aws-mcp-server. Authentication is not required to exploit this vulnerability. The s…
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Critical 9.8
aws-mcp-server Command Injection Remote Code Execution Vulnerability
aws-mcp-server Command Injection Remote Code Execution Vulnerability. This vulnerability allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code on affected installations of aws-mcp-server. Authentication is not required to exploit this vulnerability. The specific …
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Critical 9.1
OS Command Injection in Chamilo LMS 1.11.36
Chamilo LMS is a learning management system. Prior to 1.11.38 and 2.0.0-RC.3, Chamilo LMS contains an OS Command Injection vulnerability in the file move function. The move() function in fileManage.lib.php passes user-controlled path values directly into exec…
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Critical 9.8
Totolink A7100RU CGI cstecgi.cgi setVpnAccountCfg os command injection
A vulnerability was detected in Totolink A7100RU 7.4cu.2313_b20191024. The affected element is the function setVpnAccountCfg of the file /cgi-bin/cstecgi.cgi of the component CGI Handler. The manipulation of the argument User results in os command injection. …
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Critical 9.8
Totolink A7100RU CGI cstecgi.cgi setPptpServerCfg os command injection
A security vulnerability has been detected in Totolink A7100RU 7.4cu.2313_b20191024. Impacted is the function setPptpServerCfg of the file /cgi-bin/cstecgi.cgi of the component CGI Handler. The manipulation of the argument enable leads to os command injection…
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Critical 9.8
Totolink A7100RU CGI cstecgi.cgi setUrlFilterRules os command injection
A weakness has been identified in Totolink A7100RU 7.4cu.2313_b20191024. This issue affects the function setUrlFilterRules of the file /cgi-bin/cstecgi.cgi of the component CGI Handler. Executing a manipulation of the argument enable can lead to os command in…
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Critical 9.8
Totolink A7100RU CGI cstecgi.cgi setPortalConfWeChat os command injection
A security flaw has been discovered in Totolink A7100RU 7.4cu.2313_b20191024. This vulnerability affects the function setPortalConfWeChat of the file /cgi-bin/cstecgi.cgi of the component CGI Handler. Performing a manipulation of the argument enable results i…
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Critical 9.8
Totolink A7100RU CGI cstecgi.cgi setSyslogCfg os command injection
A vulnerability was identified in Totolink A7100RU 7.4cu.2313_b20191024. This affects the function setSyslogCfg of the file /cgi-bin/cstecgi.cgi of the component CGI Handler. Such manipulation of the argument enable leads to os command injection. It is possib…
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Critical 9.8
Totolink A7100RU CGI cstecgi.cgi setLoginPasswordCfg os command injection
A vulnerability was detected in Totolink A7100RU 7.4cu.2313_b20191024. The impacted element is the function setLoginPasswordCfg of the file /cgi-bin/cstecgi.cgi of the component CGI Handler. The manipulation of the argument admpass results in os command injec…
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Critical 9.8
Totolink A7100RU CGI cstecgi.cgi setAdvancedInfoShow os command injection
A security vulnerability has been detected in Totolink A7100RU 7.4cu.2313_b20191024. The affected element is the function setAdvancedInfoShow of the file /cgi-bin/cstecgi.cgi of the component CGI Handler. The manipulation of the argument tty_server leads to o…
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Critical 9.8
Totolink A7100RU CGI cstecgi.cgi setMiniuiHomeInfoShow os command injection
A weakness has been identified in Totolink A7100RU 7.4cu.2313_b20191024. Impacted is the function setMiniuiHomeInfoShow of the file /cgi-bin/cstecgi.cgi of the component CGI Handler. Executing a manipulation of the argument lan_info can lead to os command inj…
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Critical 9.8
Totolink A7100RU CGI cstecgi.cgi setTelnetCfg os command injection
A security flaw has been discovered in Totolink A7100RU 7.4cu.2313_b20191024. This issue affects the function setTelnetCfg of the file /cgi-bin/cstecgi.cgi of the component CGI Handler. Performing a manipulation of the argument telnet_enabled results in os co…
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Critical 9.8
Totolink A7100RU CGI cstecgi.cgi setWiFiGuestCfg os command injection
A vulnerability was identified in Totolink A7100RU 7.4cu.2313_b20191024. This vulnerability affects the function setWiFiGuestCfg of the file /cgi-bin/cstecgi.cgi of the component CGI Handler. Such manipulation of the argument wifiOff leads to os command injec…
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Critical 9.3
PraisonAIAgents has an OS Command Injection via shell=True in Memory Hooks Executor (memory/hooks.py)
PraisonAIAgents is a multi-agent teams system. Prior to 1.5.128, he memory hooks executor in praisonaiagents passes a user-controlled command string directly to subprocess.run() with shell=True at src/praisonai-agents/praisonaiagents/memory/hooks.py. No sanit…
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Critical 9.8
Totolink A7100RU CGI cstecgi.cgi setWiFiAclRules os command injection
A security vulnerability has been detected in Totolink A7100RU 7.4cu.2313_b20191024. Affected is the function setWiFiAclRules of the file /cgi-bin/cstecgi.cgi of the component CGI Handler. The manipulation of the argument mode leads to os command injection. T…
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Critical 9.8
Totolink A7100RU CGI cstecgi.cgi setWiFiBasicCfg os command injection
A weakness has been identified in Totolink A7100RU 7.4cu.2313_b20191024. This impacts the function setWiFiBasicCfg of the file /cgi-bin/cstecgi.cgi of the component CGI Handler. Executing a manipulation of the argument wifiOff can lead to os command injection…
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Critical 9.8
Totolink A7100RU CGI cstecgi.cgi setStorageCfg os command injection
A security flaw has been discovered in Totolink A7100RU 7.4cu.2313_b20191024. This affects the function setStorageCfg of the file /cgi-bin/cstecgi.cgi of the component CGI Handler. Performing a manipulation of the argument sambaEnabled results in os command i…
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Critical 9.8
Totolink A7100RU CGI cstecgi.cgi setDmzCfg os command injection
A vulnerability was identified in Totolink A7100RU 7.4cu.2313_b20191024. The impacted element is the function setDmzCfg of the file /cgi-bin/cstecgi.cgi of the component CGI Handler. Such manipulation of the argument wanIdx leads to os command injection. The …
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Critical 9.7
Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command ('OS Command Injection') in praisonai
PraisonAI is a multi-agent teams system. Prior to 4.5.121, the execute_command function and workflow shell execution are exposed to user-controlled input via agent workflows, YAML definitions, and LLM-generated tool calls, allowing attackers to inject arbitra…
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Critical 9.8CVE-2026-5854 EPSS 17%
Totolink A7100RU CGI cstecgi.cgi setWiFiEasyCfg os command injection
A vulnerability was detected in Totolink A7100RU 7.4cu.2313_b20191024. Affected by this issue is the function setWiFiEasyCfg of the file /cgi-bin/cstecgi.cgi of the component CGI Handler. Performing a manipulation of the argument merge results in os command i…
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Critical 9.8CVE-2026-5853 EPSS 14%
Totolink A7100RU CGI cstecgi.cgi setIpv6LanCfg os command injection
A security vulnerability has been detected in Totolink A7100RU 7.4cu.2313_b20191024. Affected by this vulnerability is the function setIpv6LanCfg of the file /cgi-bin/cstecgi.cgi of the component CGI Handler. Such manipulation of the argument addrPrefixLen le…
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Critical 9.8CVE-2026-5852 EPSS 14%
Totolink A7100RU CGI cstecgi.cgi setIptvCfg os command injection
A weakness has been identified in Totolink A7100RU 7.4cu.2313_b20191024. Affected is the function setIptvCfg of the file /cgi-bin/cstecgi.cgi of the component CGI Handler. This manipulation of the argument igmpVer causes os command injection. The attack is po…
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Critical 9.8CVE-2026-5851 EPSS 14%
Totolink A7100RU CGI cstecgi.cgi setUPnPCfg os command injection
A security flaw has been discovered in Totolink A7100RU 7.4cu.2313_b20191024. This impacts the function setUPnPCfg of the file /cgi-bin/cstecgi.cgi of the component CGI Handler. The manipulation of the argument enable results in os command injection. The atta…
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Critical 9.8CVE-2026-5850 EPSS 15%
Totolink A7100RU CGI cstecgi.cgi setVpnPassCfg os command injection
A vulnerability was identified in Totolink A7100RU 7.4cu.2313_b20191024. This affects the function setVpnPassCfg of the file /cgi-bin/cstecgi.cgi of the component CGI Handler. The manipulation of the argument pptpPassThru leads to os command injection. Remote…
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Critical 9.3CVE-2026-39382 Public exploit
dbt has a Command Injection in Reusable Workflow via Unsanitized comment-body Output
dbt enables data analysts and engineers to transform their data using the same practices that software engineers use to build applications. Inside the reusable workflow dbt-labs/actions/blob/main/.github/workflows/open-issue-in-repo.yml, the prep job uses pet…
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Critical 9.8
Cockpit: cockpit: unauthenticated remote code execution due to ssh command-line argument injection
Cockpit's remote login feature passes user-supplied hostnames and usernames from the web interface to the SSH client without validation or sanitization. An attacker with network access to the Cockpit web service can craft a single HTTP request to the login en…
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Critical 9.8
Tianxin Internet Behavior Management System Command Injection via toQuery.php
Tianxin Internet Behavior Management System contains a command injection vulnerability in the Reporter component endpoint that allows unauthenticated attackers to execute arbitrary commands by supplying a crafted objClass parameter containing shell metacharac…