Weakness (CWE)
CWE-78: OS Command Injection
The product constructs all or part of an OS command using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify the intended OS command before it is sent to a downstream component.
How to prevent it (8 mitigations)
-
Architecture and Design
If at all possible, use library calls rather than external processes to recreate the desired functionality.
-
Architecture and Design, Operation
Run the code in a "jail" or similar sandbox environment that enforces strict boundaries between the process and the operating system. This may effectively restrict which files can be accessed in a particular directory or which commands can be executed by the software.
OS-level examples include the Unix chroot jail, AppArmor, and SELinux. In general, managed code may provide some protection. For example, java.io.FilePermission in the Java SecurityManager allows the software to specify restrictions on file operations.
This may not be a feasible solution, and it only limits the impact to the operating system; the rest of the application may still be subject to compromise.
Be careful to avoid CWE-243 and other weaknesses related to jails.
-
Architecture and Design
For any data that will be used to generate a command to be executed, keep as much of that data out of external control as possible. For example, in web applications, this may require storing the data locally in the session's state instead of sending it out to the client in a hidden form field.
-
Architecture and Design
For any security checks that are performed on the client side, ensure that these checks are duplicated on the server side, in order to avoid CWE-602. Attackers can bypass the client-side checks by modifying values after the checks have been performed, or by changing the client to remove the client-side checks entirely. Then, these modified values would be submitted to the server.
-
Architecture and Design
Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
For example, consider using the ESAPI Encoding control [REF-45] or a similar tool, library, or framework. These will help the programmer encode outputs in a manner less prone to error.
-
Implementation
While it is risky to use dynamically-generated query strings, code, or commands that mix control and data together, sometimes it may be unavoidable. Properly quote arguments and escape any special characters within those arguments. The most conservative approach is to escape or filter all characters that do not pass an extremely strict allowlist (such as everything that is not alphanumeric or white space). If some special characters are still needed, such as white space, wrap each argument in quotes after the escaping/filtering step. Be careful of argument injection (CWE-88).
-
Implementation
If the program to be executed allows arguments to be specified within an input file or from standard input, then consider using that mode to pass arguments instead of the command line.
-
Architecture and Design
If available, use structured mechanisms that automatically enforce the separation between data and code. These mechanisms may be able to provide the relevant quoting, encoding, and validation automatically, instead of relying on the developer to provide this capability at every point where output is generated.
Some languages offer multiple functions that can be used to invoke commands. Where possible, identify any function that invokes a command shell using a single string, and replace it with a function that requires individual arguments. These functions typically perform appropriate quoting and filtering of arguments. For example, in C, the system() function accepts a string that contains the entire command to be executed, whereas execl(), execve(), and others require an array of strings, one for each argument. In Windows, CreateProcess() only accepts one command at a time. In Perl, if system() is provided with an array of arguments, then it will quote each of the arguments.
Source: MITRE CWE-78
1,588 results · Clear filters · Feed
-
Critical 9.3
Aperi'Solve Affected by Unauthenticated RCE via JPSeek Analyzer Command
Aperi'Solve is an open-source steganalysis web platform. In versions 3.1.3 through 3.2.0, when uploading a JPEG, a user can specify an optional password to accompany the JPEG. This password is then directly passed into an expect command, which is then subsequ…
-
Critical 9.8
ProSoft Technology ICX35-HWC Command Injection via Web Interface
ProSoft Technology ICX35-HWC versions 1.3 and prior cellular gateways contain an input validation vulnerability in the web user interface that allows remote attackers to inject and execute system commands by submitting malicious input through unvalidated fiel…
-
Critical 9.8
PraisonAI: OS Command Injection in MCPHandler.parse_mcp_command()
PraisonAI is a multi-agent teams system. From version 4.5.15 to before version 4.5.69, the --mcp CLI argument is passed directly to shlex.split() and forwarded through the call chain to anyio.open_process() with no validation, allowlist check, or sanitization…
-
Critical 9.1CVE-2026-35216 EPSS 11%
Budibase: Unauthenticated Remote Code Execution via Webhook Trigger and Bash Automation Step
Budibase is an open-source low-code platform. Prior to version 3.33.4, an unauthenticated attacker can achieve Remote Code Execution (RCE) on the Budibase server by triggering an automation that contains a Bash step via the public webhook endpoint. No authent…
-
Critical 9.1CVE-2026-2701 EPSS 55%
RCE vulnerability in Progress ShareFile Storage Zones Controller (SZC)
Authenticated user can upload a malicious file to the server and execute it, which leads to remote code execution.
-
Critical 9.8CVE-2026-34243 Public exploit
wenxian: Command Injection in GitHub Actions Workflow via `issue_comment.body`
wenxian is a tool to generate BIBTEX files from given identifiers (DOI, PMID, arXiv ID, or paper title). In versions 0.3.1 and prior, a GitHub Actions workflow uses untrusted user input from issue_comment.body directly inside a shell command, allowing potenti…
-
Critical 9.6CVE-2026-0596 Public exploit
Command Injection in mlflow/mlflow
A command injection vulnerability exists in mlflow/mlflow when serving a model with `enable_mlserver=True`. The `model_uri` is embedded directly into a shell command executed via `bash -c` without proper sanitization. If the `model_uri` contains shell metacha…
-
Critical 9.8
OpenClaw < 2026.3.13 - Remote Command Injection via Unsanitized iMessage Attachment Paths in SCP
OpenClaw before 2026.3.13 contains a remote command injection vulnerability in the iMessage attachment staging flow that allows attackers to execute arbitrary commands on configured remote hosts. The vulnerability exists because unsanitized remote attachment …
-
Critical 9.1
baserCMS: OS Command Injection in the baserCMS Update Functionality
baserCMS is a website development framework. Prior to version 5.2.3, there is an OS command injection vulnerability in the update functionality. Due to this issue, an authenticated user with administrator privileges in baserCMS can execute arbitrary OS comman…
-
Critical 9.2
baserCMS: OS command injection vulnerability in installer
baserCMS is a website development framework. Prior to version 5.2.3, baserCMS has an OS command injection vulnerability in the installer. This issue has been patched in version 5.2.3.
-
Critical 9.1
baserCMS: OS Command Injection Leading to Remote Code Execution (RCE)
baserCMS is a website development framework. Prior to version 5.2.3, baserCMS contains an OS command injection vulnerability in the core update functionality. An authenticated administrator can execute arbitrary OS commands on the server due to improper handl…
-
Critical 9.8
Ridvay Code's command auto-approval module contains a critical OS command injection vulnerability that renders its whit…
-
Critical 9.8
DSAI-Cline's command auto-approval module contains a critical OS command injection vulnerability that renders its white…
-
Critical 9.8
Ridvay Code's command auto-approval module contains a critical OS command injection vulnerability that renders its whit…
-
Critical 9.2
Vim before 9.2.0272 allows code execution that happens immediately upon opening a crafted file in the default configura…
-
Critical 10.0
Command Injection in mlflow/mlflow
A command injection vulnerability exists in MLflow's model serving container initialization code, specifically in the `_install_model_dependencies_to_env()` function. When deploying a model with `env_manager=LOCAL`, MLflow reads dependency specifications from…
-
Critical 9.8
The command auto-approval module in Axon Code contains an OS Command Injection vulnerability, rendering its whitelist s…
-
Critical 10.0
The command auto-approval module in CodeRider-Kilo contains an OS Command Injection vulnerability, rendering its whitel…
-
Critical 10.0
OneUptime has sandbox escape in Synthetic Monitor Playwright runtime allows project members to execute arbitrary commands on Probe
OneUptime is an open-source monitoring and observability platform. Prior to version 10.0.35, a low-privileged authenticated user (ProjectMember) can achieve remote command execution on the Probe container/host by abusing Synthetic Monitor Playwright script ex…
-
Critical 9.8CVE-2026-26831 Public exploit
textract is vulnerable to OS Command Injection
textract through 2.5.0 is vulnerable to OS Command Injection via the file path parameter in multiple extractors. When processing files with malicious filenames, the filePath is passed directly to child_process.exec() in lib/extractors/doc.js, rtf.js, dxf.js, …
-
Critical 9.8CVE-2026-26830 Public exploit
pdf-image has an OS Command Injection Vulnerability through its pdfFilePath parameter
pdf-image (npm package) through version 2.0.0 allows OS command injection via the pdfFilePath parameter. The constructGetInfoCommand and constructConvertCommandForPage functions use util.format() to interpolate user-controlled file paths into shell command st…
-
Critical 9.8CVE-2026-26833 Public exploit
thumbler allows OS Command Injection
thumbler through 1.1.2 allows OS command injection via the input, output, time, or size parameter in the thumbnail() function because user input is concatenated into a shell command string passed to child_process.exec() without proper sanitization or escaping.
-
Critical 9.8CVE-2026-26832 Public exploit
node-tesseract-ocr is vulnerable to OS Command Injection through unsanitized recognize() function parameter
node-tesseract-ocr is an npm package that provides a Node.js wrapper for Tesseract OCR. In all versions through 2.2.1, the recognize() function in src/index.js is vulnerable to OS Command Injection. The file path parameter is concatenated into a shell command…
-
Critical 9.1CVE-2026-33475 Public exploit
Langflow GitHub Actions Shell Injection
Langflow is a tool for building and deploying AI-powered agents and workflows. An unauthenticated remote shell injection vulnerability exists in multiple GitHub Actions workflows in the Langflow repository prior to version 1.9.0. Unsanitized interpolation of …
-
Critical 10.0
AVideo Multi-Chain Attack: Unauthenticated Remote Code Execution via Clone Key Disclosure, Database Dump, and Command Injection
WWBN AVideo is an open source video platform. In versions up to and including 26.0, multiple vulnerabilities in AVideo's CloneSite plugin chain together to allow a completely unauthenticated attacker to achieve remote code execution. The `clones.json.php` end…
-
Critical 9.8
Unauthenticated RCE in com_mb24sysapi
Due to the improper neutralisation of special elements used in an OS command, an unauthenticated remote attacker can exploit an RCE vulnerability in the com_mb24sysapi module, resulting in full system compromise. This vulnerability is a variant attack for CVE…
-
Critical 9.8
Tiandy Easy7 Integrated Management Platform Configuration ImportSystemConfiguration.jsp os command injection
A vulnerability has been found in Tiandy Easy7 Integrated Management Platform up to 7.17.0. This vulnerability affects unknown code of the file /Easy7/apps/WebService/ImportSystemConfiguration.jsp of the component Configuration Handler. The manipulation of th…
-
Critical 10.0
Zen-AI-Pentest has Shell Injection via untrusted issue title in ZenClaw Discord Integration workflow
## Summary The `ZenClaw Discord Integration` GitHub Actions workflow is vulnerable to shell command injection. The issue title field, controllable by any GitHub user, is interpolated directly into a `run` shell block via a GitHub Actions template expression. …
-
Critical 9.8
Microsoft Bing Images Remote Code Execution Vulnerability
Improper neutralization of special elements used in an os command ('os command injection') in Microsoft Bing Images allows an unauthorized attacker to execute code over a network.
-
Critical 9.1CVE-2026-32238 Public exploit
OpenEMR has Remote Code Execution in backup functionality
OpenEMR is a free and open source electronic health records and medical practice management application. Versions prior to 8.0.0.2 contain a Command injection vulnerability in the backup functionality that can be exploited by authenticated attackers. The vuln…
-
Critical 9.8
A command injection vulnerability exists in the web management interface of the WiFi Extender WDR201A (HW V2.1, FW LFMZ…
-
Critical 9.1
Angeet ES3 KVM OS command injection
The Angeet ES3 KVM does not properly sanitize user-supplied variables parsed by the 'cfg.lua' script, allowing an authenticated attacker to execute OS-level commands.
-
Critical 9.8
Topsec TopACM HTTP Request nmc_sync.php os command injection
A weakness has been identified in Topsec TopACM 3.0. Affected by this vulnerability is an unknown functionality of the file /view/systemConfig/management/nmc_sync.php of the component HTTP Request Handler. Executing a manipulation of the argument template_pat…
-
Critical 9.8
claude-hovercraft executeClaudeCode Command Injection Remote Code Execution Vulnerability
claude-hovercraft executeClaudeCode Command Injection Remote Code Execution Vulnerability. This vulnerability allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code on affected installations of claude-hovercraft. Authentication is not required to exploit this vuln…
-
Critical 9.4
Authenticated RCE via unsanitized compression_algorithm
An improper sanitization of the compression_algorithm parameter in Canonical LXD allows an authenticated, unprivileged user to execute commands as the LXD daemon on the LXD server via API calls to the image and backup endpoints. This issue affected LXD from 4…
-
Critical 9.1
Cloud CLI has Command Injection via Multiple Parameters
Cloud CLI (aka Claude Code UI) is a desktop and mobile UI for Claude Code, Cursor CLI, Codex, and Gemini-CLI. Prior to 1.24.0, multiple Git-related API endpoints use execAsync() with string interpolation of user-controlled parameters (file, branch, message, c…
-
Critical 9.8
Lantronix EDS5000, G520, and X300 OS Command Injection
An issue was discovered in Lantronix EDS5000 2.1.0.0R3. The HTTP RPC module executes a shell command to write logs when user's authentication fails. The username is directly concatenated with the command without any sanitization. This allow attackers to injec…
KEV Jun 23, 2026 -
Critical 9.8
simple-git has blockUnsafeOperationsPlugin bypass via case-insensitive protocol.allow config key that enables RCE
`simple-git`, an interface for running git commands in any node.js application, has an issue in versions 3.15.0 through 3.32.2 that allows an attacker to bypass two prior CVE fixes (CVE-2022-25860 and CVE-2022-25912) and achieve full remote code execution on …
-
Critical 9.8
Command injection in power analyzer via Modbus-TCP and Modbus-RTU
An unauthenticated remote attacker can perform a command injection via Modbus-TCP or Modbus-RTU to gain read and write access on the affected device.
-
Critical 9.8
An issue pertaining to CWE-78: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command was discovered in lina…