Weakness (CWE)
CWE-78: OS Command Injection
The product constructs all or part of an OS command using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify the intended OS command before it is sent to a downstream component.
How to prevent it (8 mitigations)
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Architecture and Design
If at all possible, use library calls rather than external processes to recreate the desired functionality.
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Architecture and Design, Operation
Run the code in a "jail" or similar sandbox environment that enforces strict boundaries between the process and the operating system. This may effectively restrict which files can be accessed in a particular directory or which commands can be executed by the software.
OS-level examples include the Unix chroot jail, AppArmor, and SELinux. In general, managed code may provide some protection. For example, java.io.FilePermission in the Java SecurityManager allows the software to specify restrictions on file operations.
This may not be a feasible solution, and it only limits the impact to the operating system; the rest of the application may still be subject to compromise.
Be careful to avoid CWE-243 and other weaknesses related to jails.
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Architecture and Design
For any data that will be used to generate a command to be executed, keep as much of that data out of external control as possible. For example, in web applications, this may require storing the data locally in the session's state instead of sending it out to the client in a hidden form field.
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Architecture and Design
For any security checks that are performed on the client side, ensure that these checks are duplicated on the server side, in order to avoid CWE-602. Attackers can bypass the client-side checks by modifying values after the checks have been performed, or by changing the client to remove the client-side checks entirely. Then, these modified values would be submitted to the server.
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Architecture and Design
Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
For example, consider using the ESAPI Encoding control [REF-45] or a similar tool, library, or framework. These will help the programmer encode outputs in a manner less prone to error.
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Implementation
While it is risky to use dynamically-generated query strings, code, or commands that mix control and data together, sometimes it may be unavoidable. Properly quote arguments and escape any special characters within those arguments. The most conservative approach is to escape or filter all characters that do not pass an extremely strict allowlist (such as everything that is not alphanumeric or white space). If some special characters are still needed, such as white space, wrap each argument in quotes after the escaping/filtering step. Be careful of argument injection (CWE-88).
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Implementation
If the program to be executed allows arguments to be specified within an input file or from standard input, then consider using that mode to pass arguments instead of the command line.
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Architecture and Design
If available, use structured mechanisms that automatically enforce the separation between data and code. These mechanisms may be able to provide the relevant quoting, encoding, and validation automatically, instead of relying on the developer to provide this capability at every point where output is generated.
Some languages offer multiple functions that can be used to invoke commands. Where possible, identify any function that invokes a command shell using a single string, and replace it with a function that requires individual arguments. These functions typically perform appropriate quoting and filtering of arguments. For example, in C, the system() function accepts a string that contains the entire command to be executed, whereas execl(), execve(), and others require an array of strings, one for each argument. In Windows, CreateProcess() only accepts one command at a time. In Perl, if system() is provided with an array of arguments, then it will quote each of the arguments.
Source: MITRE CWE-78
1,588 results · Clear filters · Feed
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Critical 10.0
WeKnora: Remote Code Execution (RCE) via Command Injection in MCP Stdio Configuration Validation
WeKnora is an LLM-powered framework designed for deep document understanding and semantic retrieval. From version 0.2.5 to before version 0.2.10, an unauthenticated remote code execution (RCE) vulnerability exists in the MCP stdio configuration validation. Th…
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Critical 9.3
XikeStor SKS8310-8X PingTestSet Command Injection
XikeStor SKS8310-8X Network Switch firmware versions 1.04.B07 and prior contain an OS command injection vulnerability in the /goform/PingTestSet endpoint that allows unauthenticated remote attackers to execute arbitrary operating system commands. Attackers ca…
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Critical 9.8
AVideo: Unauthenticated OS Command Injection via base64Url in objects/getImage.php
AVideo is a video-sharing Platform software. Prior to version 7.0, an unauthenticated attacker can execute arbitrary OS commands on the server by injecting shell command substitution into the base64Url GET parameter. This can lead to full server compromise, d…
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Critical 9.8
OpenClaw < 2026.2.2 - Exec Allowlist Bypass via Command Substitution in Double Quotes
OpenClaw versions prior to 2026.2.2 contain an exec approvals (must be enabled) allowlist bypass vulnerability that allows attackers to execute arbitrary commands by injecting command substitution syntax. Attackers can bypass the allowlist protection by embed…
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Critical 9.8
OpenClaw < 2026.2.2 - Command Injection via cmd.exe Parsing Bypass in Allowlist Enforcement
OpenClaw versions prior to 2026.2.2 fail to properly validate Windows cmd.exe metacharacters in allowlist-gated exec requests (non-default configuration), allowing attackers to bypass command approval restrictions. Remote attackers can craft command strings w…
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Critical 9.5
PDF Password CMDi
SEPPmail Secure Email Gateway before version 15.0.1 insufficiently neutralizes the PDF encryption password, allowing OS command execution.
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Critical 9.3
Authenticated OS Command Injection via Traceroute Utility leads to Root RCE
An OS Command Injection vulnerability exists in the web-based Traceroute diagnostic utility of International Datacasting Corporation (IDC) SFX Series SuperFlex SatelliteReceiver Web Management Interface version 101. An authenticated attacker can inject arbitr…
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Critical 9.3
Authenticated OS Command Injection via Ping Utility Leading to RCE as Root
The web-based Ping diagnostic utility (/IDC_Ping/main.cgi) in International Datacasting Corporation (IDC) SFX Series SuperFlex Satellite Receiver Web Management Interface version 101 is vulnerable to OS Command Injection. The application insecurely parses th…
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Critical 9.8
A shell command injection vulnerability in Mobvoi Tichome Mini smart speaker 012-18853 and 027-58389 allows remote atta…
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Critical 9.1
Froxlor Admin-to-Root Privilege Escalation via Input Validation Bypass + OS Command Injection
Froxlor is open source server administration software. Prior to 2.3.4, a typo in Froxlor's input validation code (== instead of =) completely disables email format checking for all settings fields declared as email type. This allows an authenticated admin to …
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Critical 9.8
D-Link DIR-868L SSDP Service sub_1BF84 os command injection
A flaw has been found in D-Link DIR-868L 110b03. This affects the function sub_1BF84 of the component SSDP Service. This manipulation of the argument ST causes os command injection. It is possible to initiate the attack remotely. The exploit has been publishe…
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Critical 9.8
A command injection vulnerability in the DHCP activation feature of Weintek cMT-3072XH2 easyweb Web Version v2.1.53, OS…
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Critical 9.4
RCE on uhcapache user permissions
In the endpoints "/cgi-bin/CliniNET.prd/utils/usrlogstat_simple.pl", "/cgi-bin/CliniNET.prd/utils/usrlogstat.pl", "/cgi-bin/CliniNET.prd/utils/userlogstat2.pl", and "/cgi-bin/CliniNET.prd/utils/dblogstat.pl", the parameters are not sufficiently normalized, wh…
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Critical 9.8
An issue was discovered in goform/formSetIptv in Tenda AC15V1.0 V15.03.05.18_multi. When the condition is met, `s1_1` w…
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Critical 9.3
openDCIM <= 23.04 OS Command Injection via dot Configuration Parameter
openDCIM version 23.04, through commit 4467e9c4, contains an OS command injection vulnerability in report_network_map.php. The application retrieves the 'dot' configuration parameter from the database and passes it directly to exec() without validation or san…
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Critical 10.0CVE-2026-28409 Scanner template
WeGIA Vulnerable to Remote Code Execution (RCE) via OS Command Injection
WeGIA is a web manager for charitable institutions. Prior to version 3.6.5, a critical Remote Code Execution (RCE) vulnerability exists in the WeGIA application's database restoration functionality. An attacker with administrative access (which can be obtaine…
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Critical 9.8
Totolink N300RH Web Management cstecgi.cgi setWebWlanIdx os command injection
A security flaw has been discovered in Totolink N300RH 6.1c.1353_B20190305. Affected by this vulnerability is the function setWebWlanIdx of the file /cgi-bin/cstecgi.cgi of the component Web Management Interface. Performing a manipulation of the argument webW…
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Critical 9.0
Copeland XWEB and XWEB Pro OS Command Injection
An OS command injection vulnerability exists in XWEB Pro version 1.12.1 and prior, enabling an unauthenticated attacker to achieve remote code execution on the system by sending a crafted request to the libraries installation route and injecting malicious inp…
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Critical 10.0
CGI Parameter Injection (Bypass of STRICT_CGI_PARAMS and EscapeShellParam)
TinyWeb is a web server (HTTP, HTTPS) written in Delphi for Win32. A vulnerability in versions prior to 2.01 allows unauthenticated remote attackers to bypass the web server's CGI parameter security controls. Depending on the server configuration and the spec…
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Critical 10.0
OneUptime: OS Command Injection in Probe NetworkPathMonitor via unsanitized destination in traceroute exec()
OneUptime is a solution for monitoring and managing online services. Prior to version 10.0.7, an OS command injection vulnerability in `NetworkPathMonitor.performTraceroute()` allows any authenticated project user to execute arbitrary operating system command…
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Critical 9.8
Missing neutralization in Linksys MR9600, Linksys MX4200
Due to missing neutralization of special elements, OS commands can be injected via the update functionality of a TLS-SRP connection, which is normally used for configuring devices inside the mesh network. This issue affects MR9600: 1.0.4.205530; MX4200: 1.0.1…
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Critical 9.8
Missing neutralization in Linksys MR9600, Linksys MX4200
Due to missing neutralization of special elements, OS commands can be injected via the handshake of a TLS-SRP connection, which are ultimately run as the root user. This issue affects MR9600: 1.0.4.205530; MX4200: 1.0.13.210200.
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Critical 10.0CVE-2026-27626 Public exploit
OliveTin vulnerable to OS Command Injection via `password` argument type and webhook JSON extraction bypasses shell safety checks
OliveTin gives access to predefined shell commands from a web interface. In versions up to and including 3000.10.0, OliveTin's shell mode safety check (`checkShellArgumentSafety`) blocks several dangerous argument types but not `password`. A user supplying a …
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Critical 9.8CVE-2026-22553 Public exploit
InSAT MasterSCADA BUK-TS OS Command Injection
All versions of InSAT MasterSCADA BUK-TS are susceptible to OS command injection through a field in its MMadmServ web interface. Malicious users that use the vulnerable endpoint are potentially able to cause remote code execution.
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Critical 9.2
api-gateway-deploy Affected by Exploitable Command Injection via Unprivileged Root Execution
bleon-ethical/api-gateway-deploy provides API gateway deployment. Version 1.0.0 is vulnerable to an attack chain involving OS Command Injection and Privilege Escalation. This allows an attacker to execute arbitrary commands with root privileges within the con…
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Critical 9.8
A command injection vulnerability in the UPnP function of the Zyxel EX3510-B0 firmware versions through 5.17(ABUP.15.1)…
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Critical 9.8
thesystem 1.0 Command Injection via run_command endpoint
thesystem 1.0 contains a command injection vulnerability that allows unauthenticated attackers to execute arbitrary system commands by submitting malicious input to the run_command endpoint. Attackers can send POST requests with shell commands in the command …
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Critical 10.0
PROLiNK PRC2402M 20190909 before 2021-06-13 allows live_api.cgi?page=satellite_list OS command injection via shell meta…
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Critical 9.8
A Remote Code Execution (RCE) vulnerability was found in Smanga 3.2.7 in the /php/path/rescan.php interface. The applic…
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Critical 9.8
RustFly 2.0.0 Command Injection via UDP Remote Control
RustFly 2.0.0 contains a command injection vulnerability in its remote UI control mechanism that accepts hex-encoded instructions over UDP port 5005 without proper sanitization. Attackers can send crafted hex-encoded payloads containing system commands to exe…
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Critical 9.8
Unauthenticated OS Command Injection in NesterSoft WorkTime
An unauthenticated attacker can inject OS commands when calling a server API endpoint in NesterSoft WorkTime. The server API call to generate and download the WorkTime client from the WorkTime server is vulnerable in the “guid” parameter. This allows an attac…
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Critical 9.8
SECCN Dingcheng G10 session_login.cgi qq os command injection
A security vulnerability has been detected in SECCN Dingcheng G10 3.1.0.181203. This impacts the function qq of the file /cgi-bin/session_login.cgi. The manipulation of the argument User leads to os command injection. The attack is possible to be carried out …
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Critical 9.8
MajorDoMo Command Injection in rc/index.php via Race Condition
MajorDoMo (aka Major Domestic Module) is vulnerable to unauthenticated OS command injection via rc/index.php. The $param variable from user input is interpolated into a command string within double quotes without sanitization via escapeshellarg(). The command…
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Critical 9.8CVE-2025-65791 Public exploit
ZoneMinder v1.36.34 is vulnerable to Command Injection in web/views/image.php. The application passes unsanitized user …
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Critical 9.3
emp3r0r Agent-Controlled Metadata to Operator RCE (tmux Command Injection)
emp3r0r is a stealth-focused C2 designed by Linux users for Linux environments. Prior to 3.21.1, untrusted agent metadata (Transport, Hostname) is accepted during check-in and later interpolated into tmux shell command strings executed via /bin/sh -c. This en…
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Critical 10.0
Catalyst Affected by Remote Code Execution as Root via Containerized Install Script Execution
Catalyst is a platform built for enterprise game server hosts, game communities, and billing panel integrations. Install scripts defined in server templates execute directly on the host operating system as root via bash -c, with no sandboxing or containerizat…
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Critical 9.4
Command Injection on OpenProject repositories leads to Remote Code Execution
OpenProject is an open-source, web-based project management software. Prior to versions 16.6.7 and 17.0.3, an arbitrary file write vulnerability exists in OpenProject’s repository changes endpoint (/projects/:project_id/repository/changes) when rendering the …
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Critical 9.9
Remote code execution vulnerability in BeyondTrust Remote Support (RS) and Privileged Remote Access (PRA)
BeyondTrust Remote Support (RS) and certain older versions of Privileged Remote Access (PRA) contain a critical pre-authentication remote code execution vulnerability. By sending specially crafted requests, an unauthenticated remote attacker may be able to ex…
KEV Feb 13, 2026 -
Critical 9.1CVE-2026-25643 Public exploit
Frigate Affected by Authenticated Remote Command Execution (RCE) and Container Escape
Frigate is a network video recorder (NVR) with realtime local object detection for IP cameras. Prior to 0.16.4, a critical Remote Command Execution (RCE) vulnerability has been identified in the Frigate integration with go2rtc. The application does not saniti…
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Critical 9.4CVE-2025-69212 Public exploit
OpenSTAManager has an OS Command Injection in P7M File Processing
OpenSTAManager is an open source management software for technical assistance and invoicing. In 2.9.8 and earlier, a critical OS Command Injection vulnerability exists in the P7M (signed XML) file decoding functionality. An authenticated attacker can upload a…