Weakness (CWE)
CWE-78: OS Command Injection
The product constructs all or part of an OS command using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify the intended OS command before it is sent to a downstream component.
How to prevent it (8 mitigations)
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Architecture and Design
If at all possible, use library calls rather than external processes to recreate the desired functionality.
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Architecture and Design, Operation
Run the code in a "jail" or similar sandbox environment that enforces strict boundaries between the process and the operating system. This may effectively restrict which files can be accessed in a particular directory or which commands can be executed by the software.
OS-level examples include the Unix chroot jail, AppArmor, and SELinux. In general, managed code may provide some protection. For example, java.io.FilePermission in the Java SecurityManager allows the software to specify restrictions on file operations.
This may not be a feasible solution, and it only limits the impact to the operating system; the rest of the application may still be subject to compromise.
Be careful to avoid CWE-243 and other weaknesses related to jails.
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Architecture and Design
For any data that will be used to generate a command to be executed, keep as much of that data out of external control as possible. For example, in web applications, this may require storing the data locally in the session's state instead of sending it out to the client in a hidden form field.
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Architecture and Design
For any security checks that are performed on the client side, ensure that these checks are duplicated on the server side, in order to avoid CWE-602. Attackers can bypass the client-side checks by modifying values after the checks have been performed, or by changing the client to remove the client-side checks entirely. Then, these modified values would be submitted to the server.
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Architecture and Design
Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
For example, consider using the ESAPI Encoding control [REF-45] or a similar tool, library, or framework. These will help the programmer encode outputs in a manner less prone to error.
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Implementation
While it is risky to use dynamically-generated query strings, code, or commands that mix control and data together, sometimes it may be unavoidable. Properly quote arguments and escape any special characters within those arguments. The most conservative approach is to escape or filter all characters that do not pass an extremely strict allowlist (such as everything that is not alphanumeric or white space). If some special characters are still needed, such as white space, wrap each argument in quotes after the escaping/filtering step. Be careful of argument injection (CWE-88).
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Implementation
If the program to be executed allows arguments to be specified within an input file or from standard input, then consider using that mode to pass arguments instead of the command line.
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Architecture and Design
If available, use structured mechanisms that automatically enforce the separation between data and code. These mechanisms may be able to provide the relevant quoting, encoding, and validation automatically, instead of relying on the developer to provide this capability at every point where output is generated.
Some languages offer multiple functions that can be used to invoke commands. Where possible, identify any function that invokes a command shell using a single string, and replace it with a function that requires individual arguments. These functions typically perform appropriate quoting and filtering of arguments. For example, in C, the system() function accepts a string that contains the entire command to be executed, whereas execl(), execve(), and others require an array of strings, one for each argument. In Windows, CreateProcess() only accepts one command at a time. In Perl, if system() is provided with an array of arguments, then it will quote each of the arguments.
Source: MITRE CWE-78
1,588 results · Clear filters · Feed
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Critical 9.3
Gogs's update .git/config file allows remote command execution
Gogs is an open source self-hosted Git service. In version 0.13.3 and prior, due to the insufficient patch for CVE-2024-56731, it's still possible to update files in the .git directory and achieve remote command execution. This issue has been patched in versi…
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Critical 9.8
Edimax Technology EW-7438RPn-v3 Mini 1.27 - Remote Code Execution
Edimax EW-7438RPn-v3 Mini 1.27 contains a remote code execution vulnerability that allows unauthenticated attackers to execute arbitrary commands through the /goform/mp endpoint. Attackers can exploit the vulnerability by sending crafted POST requests with co…
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Critical 9.8CVE-2020-37123 Scanner template
Pinger 1.0 - Remote Code Execution
Pinger 1.0 contains a remote code execution vulnerability that allows attackers to inject shell commands through the ping and socket parameters. Attackers can exploit the unsanitized input in ping.php to write arbitrary PHP files and execute system commands b…
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Critical 9.4
Group-Office is vulnerable to RCE due to Command Injection via TNEF Attachment Handler
Group-Office is an enterprise customer relationship management and groupware tool. Prior to versions 6.8.150, 25.0.82, and 26.0.5, there is a remote code execution (RCE) vulnerability in Group-Office. The endpoint email/message/tnefAttachmentFromTempFile dire…
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Critical 9.4
n8n Vulnerable to Command Injection in Community Package Installation
n8n is an open source workflow automation platform. From version 0.187.0 to before 1.120.3, a command injection vulnerability was identified in n8n’s community package installation functionality. The issue allowed authenticated users with administrative permi…
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Critical 9.4CVE-2026-25053 Public exploit
n8n is Vulnerable to OS Command Injection in Git Node
n8n is an open source workflow automation platform. Prior to versions 1.123.10 and 2.5.0, vulnerabilities in the Git node allowed authenticated users with permission to create or modify workflows to execute arbitrary system commands or read arbitrary files on…
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Critical 10.0
RCE - Command Injection in Signal K set-system-time plugin
Signal K Server is a server application that runs on a central hub in a boat. Prior to 1.5.0, a command injection vulnerability allows authenticated users with write permissions to execute arbitrary shell commands on the Signal K server when the set-system-ti…
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Critical 9.8
Sickbeard 0.1 - Remote Command Injection
Sickbeard alpha contains a remote command injection vulnerability that allows unauthenticated attackers to execute arbitrary commands through the extra scripts configuration. Attackers can set malicious commands in the extra scripts field and trigger processi…
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Critical 9.2
TOTOLINK X6000R Unauthenticated Command Injection Vulnerability
Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command ('OS Command Injection') vulnerability in TOTOLINK X6000R allows OS Command Injection.This issue affects X6000R: through V9.4.0cu.1498_B20250826.
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Critical 9.7CVE-2026-25130 Public exploit
Cybersecurity AI vulnerable to command Injection through argument injection in find_file Agent tool
Cybersecurity AI (CAI) is a framework for AI Security. In versions up to and including 0.5.10, the CAI (Cybersecurity AI) framework contains multiple argument injection vulnerabilities in its function tools. User-controlled input is passed directly to shell c…
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Critical 9.8
aelsantex runcommand 2014-04-01, a plugin for DokuWiki, allows unauthenticated attackers to execute arbitrary system co…
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Critical 9.8
Tea LaTex 1.0 - Remote Code Execution
Tea LaTex 1.0 contains a remote code execution vulnerability that allows unauthenticated attackers to execute arbitrary shell commands through the /api.php endpoint. Attackers can craft a malicious LaTeX payload with shell commands that are executed when proc…
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Critical 9.8
Ajenti 2.1.36 Authenticated Remote Code Execution
Ajenti 2.1.36 contains a post-authenticated remote command execution vulnerability that allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary commands after successful login. Attackers can leverage the /api/terminal/create endpoint to send a netcat reverse shell paylo…
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Critical 9.9CVE-2026-24841 Public exploit
Dokploy Vulnerable to Authenticated Remote Code Execution via Command Injection in Docker Container Terminal WebSocket Endpoint
Dokploy is a free, self-hostable Platform as a Service (PaaS). In versions prior to 0.26.6, a critical command injection vulnerability exists in Dokploy's WebSocket endpoint `/docker-container-terminal`. The `containerId` and `activeWay` parameters are direct…
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Critical 9.8
Katana Network Development Starter Kit executeCommand Command Injection Remote Code Execution Vulnerability
Katana Network Development Starter Kit executeCommand Command Injection Remote Code Execution Vulnerability. This vulnerability allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code on affected installations of Katana Network Development Starter Kit. Authenticati…
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Critical 9.8
github-kanban-mcp-server execAsync Command Injection Remote Code Execution Vulnerability
github-kanban-mcp-server execAsync Command Injection Remote Code Execution Vulnerability. This vulnerability allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code on affected installations of github-kanban-mcp-server. Authentication is not required to exploit thi…
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Critical 9.8
gemini-mcp-tool execAsync Command Injection Remote Code Execution Vulnerability
gemini-mcp-tool execAsync Command Injection Remote Code Execution Vulnerability. This vulnerability allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code on affected installations of gemini-mcp-tool. Authentication is not required to exploit this vulnerability. T…
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Critical 9.8
Framelink Figma MCP Server fetchWithRetry Command Injection Remote Code Execution Vulnerability
Framelink Figma MCP Server fetchWithRetry Command Injection Remote Code Execution Vulnerability. This vulnerability allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code on affected installations of Framelink Figma MCP Server. Authentication is not required to ex…
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Critical 9.8
Ollama MCP Server execAsync Command Injection Remote Code Execution Vulnerability
Ollama MCP Server execAsync Command Injection Remote Code Execution Vulnerability. This vulnerability allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code on affected installations of Ollama MCP Server. Authentication is not required to exploit this vulnerabilit…
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Critical 9.8
An issue was discovered in the InsertFromURL() function of the Apryse HTML2PDF SDK thru 11.10. This vulnerability could…
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Critical 9.8
Mini Mouse 9.2.0 - Remote Code Execution
Mini Mouse 9.2.0 contains a remote code execution vulnerability that allows attackers to execute arbitrary commands through an unauthenticated HTTP endpoint. Attackers can leverage the /op=command endpoint to download and execute payloads by sending crafted J…
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Critical 9.8
Hasura GraphQL 1.3.3 - Remote Code Execution
Hasura GraphQL 1.3.3 contains a remote code execution vulnerability that allows attackers to execute arbitrary shell commands through SQL query manipulation. Attackers can inject commands into the run_sql endpoint by crafting malicious GraphQL queries that ex…
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Critical 9.9CVE-2026-22844 EPSS 13%
Zoom Node Deployments - Command Injection
A Command Injection vulnerability in Zoom Node Multimedia Routers (MMRs) before version 5.2.1716.0 may allow a meeting participant to conduct remote code execution of the MMR via network access.
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Critical 9.1CVE-2026-23520 Public exploit
Arcane has a Command Injection in Arcane Updater Lifecycle Labels Enables RCE
Arcane provides modern docker management. Prior to 1.13.0, Arcane has a command injection in the updater service. Arcane’s updater service supported lifecycle labels com.getarcaneapp.arcane.lifecycle.pre-update and com.getarcaneapp.arcane.lifecycle.post-updat…
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Critical 9.8
NOAA PMEL Live Access Server (LAS) PyFerret command injection
Sites running NOAA PMEL Live Access Server (LAS) are vulnerable to remote code execution via specially crafted requests that include PyFerret expressions. By leveraging a SPAWN command, a remote, unauthenticated attacker can execute arbitrary OS commands. Fix…
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Critical 9.8
Webgrind 1.1 - Remote Command Execution (RCE) via dataFile Parameter
Webgrind 1.1 contains a remote command execution vulnerability that allows unauthenticated attackers to inject OS commands via the dataFile parameter in index.php. Attackers can execute arbitrary system commands by manipulating the dataFile parameter, such as…
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Critical 9.8
Tdarr 2.00.15 - Command Injection
Tdarr 2.00.15 contains an unauthenticated remote code execution vulnerability in its Help terminal that allows attackers to inject and chain arbitrary commands. Attackers can exploit the lack of input filtering by chaining commands like `--help; curl .py | py…
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Critical 9.4
An improper neutralization of special elements used in an os command ('os command injection') vulnerability in Fortinet…
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Critical 10.0
TinyWeb CGI Command Injection
TinyWeb is a web server (HTTP, HTTPS) written in Delphi for Win32. TinyWeb HTTP Server before version 1.98 is vulnerable to OS command injection via CGI ISINDEX-style query parameters. The query parameters are passed as command-line arguments to the CGI execu…
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Critical 9.8
Sangfor Operation and Maintenance Management System getCmd WriterHandle.getCmd os command injection
A vulnerability was determined in Sangfor Operation and Maintenance Management System up to 3.0.8. Impacted is the function WriterHandle.getCmd of the file /isomp-protocol/protocol/getCmd. This manipulation of the argument sessionPath causes os command inject…
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Critical 9.8
Sangfor Operation and Maintenance Management System HTTP POST Request getHis os command injection
A vulnerability was found in Sangfor Operation and Maintenance Management System up to 3.0.8. This issue affects some unknown processing of the file /isomp-protocol/protocol/getHis of the component HTTP POST Request Handler. The manipulation of the argument s…
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Critical 9.8CVE-2017-20216 EPSS 12%
FLIR Thermal Camera PT-Series firmware version 8.0.0.64 Unauthenticated Remote Command Injection
FLIR Thermal Camera PT-Series firmware version 8.0.0.64 contains multiple unauthenticated remote command injection vulnerabilities in the controllerFlirSystem.php script. Attackers can execute arbitrary system commands as root by exploiting unsanitized POST p…
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Critical 9.8CVE-2025-15471 EPSS 14%
TRENDnet TEW-713RE formFSrvX os command injection
A vulnerability was detected in TRENDnet TEW-713RE 1.02. The impacted element is an unknown function of the file /goformX/formFSrvX. The manipulation of the argument SZCMD results in os command injection. It is possible to launch the attack remotely. The expl…
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Critical 10.0
Coolify has Git Repository RCE
Coolify is an open-source and self-hostable tool for managing servers, applications, and databases. Prior to version 4.0.0-beta.420.7, the Git Repository field during project creation is vulnerable to command injection. User input is not properly sanitized, a…
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Critical 9.4
Coolify has Docker Compose Injection issue
Coolify is an open-source and self-hostable tool for managing servers, applications, and databases. Prior to version 4.0.0-beta.420.7, a Remote Code Execution (RCE)*vulnerability exists in Coolify's application deployment workflow. This flaw allows a low-priv…
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Critical 9.4
Nuvation Energy Multi-Stack Controller OS Command Injection
Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command ('OS Command Injection') vulnerability in Nuvation Energy Multi-Stack Controller (MSC) allows OS Command Injection.This issue affects Multi-Stack Controller (MSC): from 2.3.8 before 2.5.1.
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Critical 9.7
Signal K Server has Unauthenticated State Pollution leading to Remote Code Execution (RCE)
Signal K Server is a server application that runs on a central hub in a boat. Prior to version 2.19.0, an unauthenticated attacker can pollute the internal state (`restoreFilePath`) of the server via the `/skServer/validateBackup` endpoint. This allows the at…
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Critical 10.0
Anevia Flamingo XL 3.2.9 Remote Root Jailbreak via Traceroute Command
Anevia Flamingo XL 3.2.9 contains a restricted shell vulnerability that allows remote attackers to escape the sandboxed environment through the traceroute command. Attackers can exploit the traceroute command to inject shell commands and gain full root access…
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Critical 9.8
SOUND4 IMPACT/FIRST/PULSE/Eco <=2.x Unauthenticated Command Injection via Username
SOUND4 IMPACT/FIRST/PULSE/Eco versions 2.x and below contain an unauthenticated command injection vulnerability in the username parameter. Attackers can exploit index.php and login.php scripts by injecting arbitrary shell commands through the HTTP POST 'usern…
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Critical 9.8
MiniDVBLinux 5.4 Remote Root Command Execution via commands.sh
MiniDVBLinux 5.4 contains a remote command execution vulnerability that allows unauthenticated attackers to execute arbitrary commands as root through the 'command' GET parameter. Attackers can exploit the /tpl/commands.sh endpoint by sending malicious comman…