Weakness (CWE)
CWE-78: OS Command Injection
The product constructs all or part of an OS command using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify the intended OS command before it is sent to a downstream component.
How to prevent it (8 mitigations)
-
Architecture and Design
If at all possible, use library calls rather than external processes to recreate the desired functionality.
-
Architecture and Design, Operation
Run the code in a "jail" or similar sandbox environment that enforces strict boundaries between the process and the operating system. This may effectively restrict which files can be accessed in a particular directory or which commands can be executed by the software.
OS-level examples include the Unix chroot jail, AppArmor, and SELinux. In general, managed code may provide some protection. For example, java.io.FilePermission in the Java SecurityManager allows the software to specify restrictions on file operations.
This may not be a feasible solution, and it only limits the impact to the operating system; the rest of the application may still be subject to compromise.
Be careful to avoid CWE-243 and other weaknesses related to jails.
-
Architecture and Design
For any data that will be used to generate a command to be executed, keep as much of that data out of external control as possible. For example, in web applications, this may require storing the data locally in the session's state instead of sending it out to the client in a hidden form field.
-
Architecture and Design
For any security checks that are performed on the client side, ensure that these checks are duplicated on the server side, in order to avoid CWE-602. Attackers can bypass the client-side checks by modifying values after the checks have been performed, or by changing the client to remove the client-side checks entirely. Then, these modified values would be submitted to the server.
-
Architecture and Design
Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
For example, consider using the ESAPI Encoding control [REF-45] or a similar tool, library, or framework. These will help the programmer encode outputs in a manner less prone to error.
-
Implementation
While it is risky to use dynamically-generated query strings, code, or commands that mix control and data together, sometimes it may be unavoidable. Properly quote arguments and escape any special characters within those arguments. The most conservative approach is to escape or filter all characters that do not pass an extremely strict allowlist (such as everything that is not alphanumeric or white space). If some special characters are still needed, such as white space, wrap each argument in quotes after the escaping/filtering step. Be careful of argument injection (CWE-88).
-
Implementation
If the program to be executed allows arguments to be specified within an input file or from standard input, then consider using that mode to pass arguments instead of the command line.
-
Architecture and Design
If available, use structured mechanisms that automatically enforce the separation between data and code. These mechanisms may be able to provide the relevant quoting, encoding, and validation automatically, instead of relying on the developer to provide this capability at every point where output is generated.
Some languages offer multiple functions that can be used to invoke commands. Where possible, identify any function that invokes a command shell using a single string, and replace it with a function that requires individual arguments. These functions typically perform appropriate quoting and filtering of arguments. For example, in C, the system() function accepts a string that contains the entire command to be executed, whereas execl(), execve(), and others require an array of strings, one for each argument. In Windows, CreateProcess() only accepts one command at a time. In Perl, if system() is provided with an array of arguments, then it will quote each of the arguments.
Source: MITRE CWE-78
1,588 results · Clear filters · Feed
-
Critical 10.0
StreamVault is Vulnerable to Authenticated Remote Code Execution (RCE) via ytdlpargs Configuration Injection
StreamVault is a video download integration solution. Prior to version 251126, a Remote Code Execution (RCE) vulnerability exists in the stream-vault application (SpiritApplication). The application allows administrators to configure yt-dlp arguments via the …
-
Critical 9.4
Coolify Vulnerable to Authenticated Remote Code Execution via Command Injection in File Storage Directory Mount Path
Coolify is an open-source and self-hostable tool for managing servers, applications, and databases. Prior to version 4.0.0-beta.451, an authenticated command injection vulnerability in the File Storage Directory Mount Path functionality allows users with appl…
-
Critical 9.4
Coolify Vulnerable to Authenticated Remote Code Execution via Command Injection in Dynamic Proxy Configuration Filename
Coolify is an open-source and self-hostable tool for managing servers, applications, and databases. Prior to version 4.0.0-beta.451, an authenticated command injection vulnerability in the Dynamic Proxy Configuration Filename handling allows users with applic…
-
Critical 9.4
Coolify Vulnerable to Authenticated Remote Code Execution via Command Injection in PostgreSQL Init Script Filename
Coolify is an open-source and self-hostable tool for managing servers, applications, and databases. Prior to version 4.0.0-beta.451, an authenticated command injection vulnerability in PostgreSQL Init Script Filename handling allows users with application/ser…
-
Critical 9.4
Coolify Vulnerable to Authenticated Remote Code Execution via Command Injection in Database Import
Coolify is an open-source and self-hostable tool for managing servers, applications, and databases. Prior to version 4.0.0-beta.451, an authenticated command injection vulnerability in the Database Import functionality allows users with application/service ma…
-
Critical 10.0CVE-2025-66209 Public exploit
Coolify Vulnerable to Authenticated Remote Code Execution via Command Injection in Database Backup
Coolify is an open-source and self-hostable tool for managing servers, applications, and databases. Prior to version 4.0.0-beta.451, an authenticated command injection vulnerability in the Database Backup functionality allows users with application/service ma…
-
Critical 9.8
IceWarp14 X-File-Operation Command Injection Remote Code Execution Vulnerability
IceWarp14 X-File-Operation Command Injection Remote Code Execution Vulnerability. This vulnerability allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code on affected installations of IceWarp. Authentication is not required to exploit this vulnerability. The spec…
-
Critical 9.8
SOUND4 IMPACT/FIRST/PULSE/Eco v2.x Unauthenticated Remote Command Injection
SOUND4 IMPACT/FIRST/PULSE/Eco v2.x contains an unauthenticated OS command injection vulnerability that allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary shell commands through the 'password' parameter. Attackers can exploit the login.php and index.php scripts by i…
-
Critical 9.8
Lilac-Reloaded for Nagios 2.0.8 Remote Code Execution via Autodiscovery
Lilac-Reloaded for Nagios 2.0.8 contains a remote code execution vulnerability in the autodiscovery feature that allows attackers to inject arbitrary commands. Attackers can exploit the lack of input filtering in the nmap_binary parameter to execute a reverse…
-
Critical 9.8
EasyPHP Webserver 14.1 Remote Code Execution
EasyPHP Webserver 14.1 contains an OS command injection vulnerability that allows unauthenticated attackers to execute arbitrary system commands by injecting malicious payloads through the app_service_control parameter. Attackers can send POST requests to /in…
-
Critical 9.4
OS Command Injection in WODESYS WD-R608U router
In WODESYS WD-R608U router (also known as WDR122B V2.0 and WDR28) due to lack of validation in the langGet parameter in the adm.cgi endpoint, the malicious attacker can execute system shell commands. The vendor was notified early about this vulnerability, but…
-
Critical 9.1CVE-2025-68109 Public exploit
ChurchCRM vulnerable to RCE with database restore functionality
ChurchCRM is an open-source church management system. In versions prior to 6.5.3, the Database Restore functionality does not validate the content or file extension of uploaded files. As a result, an attacker can upload a web shell file and subsequently uploa…
-
Critical 9.9
Pagekit CMS is vulnerable to OS Command Injection via Storage component
An authenticated arbitrary file upload vulnerability in the /storage/poc.php component of Pagekit CMS v1.0.18 allows attackers to execute arbitrary code via uploading a crafted PHP file.
-
Critical 10.0
A Path Traversal vulnerability in the Allsky WebUI version v2024.12.06_06 allows an unauthenticated remote attacker to …
-
Critical 9.3
Wp2Fac 1.0 OS Command Injection via send.php Endpoint
Wp2Fac 1.0 contains an OS command injection vulnerability in the send.php endpoint that allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary system commands. Attackers can inject shell commands through the 'numara' parameter by appending shell commands with '&' opera…
-
Critical 9.8
Typora 1.7.4 OS Command Injection via Export PDF Preferences
Typora 1.7.4 contains a command injection vulnerability in the PDF export preferences that allows attackers to execute arbitrary system commands. Attackers can inject malicious commands into the 'run command' input field during PDF export to achieve remote co…
-
Critical 9.3CVE-2024-58286 Public exploit
dizqueTV 1.5.3 Remote Code Execution via FFMPEG Executable Path
dizqueTV 1.5.3 contains a remote code execution vulnerability that allows attackers to inject arbitrary commands through the FFMPEG Executable Path settings. Attackers can modify the executable path with shell commands to read system files like /etc/passwd by…
-
Critical 9.3
Selea Targa IP Camera Remote Code Execution via Utils
Selea Targa IP OCR-ANPR Camera contains an unauthenticated command injection vulnerability in utils.php that allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary shell commands. Attackers can exploit the 'addr' and 'port' parameters to inject commands and gain www-da…
-
Critical 9.8
An issue was discovered in openmptcprouter thru 0.64 in file common/package/utils/sys-upgrade-helper/src/tools/sysupgra…
-
Critical 9.3
ReQuest Serious Play F3 Media Server <= 7.0.3 code execution
ReQuest Serious Play F3 Media Server 7.0.3 contains an unauthenticated remote code execution vulnerability that allows attackers to execute arbitrary commands as the web server user. Attackers can upload PHP executable files via the Quick File Uploader page, …
-
Critical 9.8
ALLNET ALL-RUT22GW v3.3.8 was discovered to contain an OS command injection vulnerability via the command parameter in …
-
Critical 9.3
TOTOLINK N300RT <= V2.1.8-B20201030.1539 Boa formWsc RCE
TOTOLINK N300RT wireless router firmware versions prior to V3.4.0-B20250430 (discovered in V2.1.8-B20201030.1539) contain an OS command injection vulnerability in the Boa formWsc handling functionality. An unauthenticated attacker can send specially crafted r…
-
Critical 9.8
MCP Watch has a Critical Command Injection in cloneRepo allows Remote Code Execution (RCE) via malicious URL
MCP Watch is a comprehensive security scanner for Model Context Protocol (MCP) servers. In 0.1.2 and earlier, the MCPScanner class contains a critical Command Injection vulnerability in the cloneRepo method. The application passes the user-supplied githubUrl …
-
Critical 9.1
HexStrike AI MCP Server Command Injection
By providing a command-line argument starting with a semi-colon ; to an API endpoint created by the EnhancedCommandExecutor class of the HexStrike AI MCP server, the resultant composed command is executed directly in the context of the MCP server’s normal pri…
-
Critical 9.3
Authenticated RCE in SDMC NE6037 router
Firmware in SDMC NE6037 routers prior to version 7.1.12.2.44 has a network diagnostics tool vulnerable to a shell command injection attacks. In order to exploit this vulnerability, an attacker has to log in to the router's administrative portal, which by defa…
-
Critical 10.0
Zenitel TCIV-3+ OS Command Injection
An OS command injection vulnerability exists due to incomplete validation of user-supplied input. Validation fails to enforce sufficient formatting rules, which could permit attackers to append arbitrary data. This could allow an unauthenticated attacker to i…
-
Critical 10.0
Zenitel TCIV-3+ OS Command Injection
An OS command injection vulnerability exists due to insufficient sanitization of user-supplied input. The application accepts parameters that are later incorporated into OS commands without adequate validation. This could allow an unauthenticated attacker to …
-
Critical 10.0
Zenitel TCIV-3+ OS Command Injection
An OS command injection vulnerability exists due to improper input validation. The application accepts a parameter directly from user input without verifying it is a valid IP address or filtering potentially malicious characters. This could allow an unauthent…
-
Critical 9.8
Improper neutralization of special elements used in an OS command ('command injection') in Cursor allows an unauthorize…
-
Critical 9.9
Unauthenticated OS Command Injection (restore_settings.php)
Unauthenticated OS Command Injection (restore_settings.php) in DB Electronica Telecomunicazioni S.p.A. Mozart FM Transmitter versions 30, 50, 100, 300, 500, 1000, 2000, 3000, 3500, 6000, 7000 allows an attacker to perform URL-decoded name parameter passed to …
-
Critical 9.9
Unauthenticated OS Command Injection (start_upgrade.php)
Unauthenticated OS Command Injection (start_upgrade.php) in DB Electronica Telecomunicazioni S.p.A. Mozart FM Transmitter versions 30, 50, 100, 300, 500, 1000, 2000, 3000, 3500, 6000, 7000 allows an attacker to perform User input passed directly to exec() all…
-
Critical 9.2CVE-2025-59366 EPSS 12%
An authentication-bypass vulnerability exists in AiCloud. This vulnerability can be triggered by an unintended side eff…
-
Critical 9.3
TVT NVMS-9000 Hard-coded API Credentials & Command Injection
Shenzhen TVT Digital Technology Co., Ltd. NVMS-9000 firmware (used by many white-labeled DVR/NVR/IPC products) contains hardcoded API credentials and an OS command injection flaw in its configuration services. The web/API interface accepts HTTP/XML requests a…
-
Critical 9.8
An issue in Ilevia EVE X1 Server Firmware Version v4.7.18.0.eden and before Logic Version v6.00 - 2025_07_21 and before…
-
Critical 9.8
ThinPLUS｜ThinPLUS - OS Command Injection
ThinPLUS developed by ThinPLUS has an OS Command Injection vulnerability, allowing unauthenticated remote attackers to inject arbitrary OS commands and execute them on the server.
-
Critical 9.3
TG8 Firewall Unauthenticated RCE via runphpcmd.php
TG8 Firewall contains a pre-authentication remote code execution vulnerability in the runphpcmd.php endpoint. The syscmd POST parameter is passed directly to a system command without validation and executed with root privileges. A remote, unauthenticated atta…
-
Critical 10.0
Samba: command injection in wins server hook script
A flaw was found in Samba, in the front-end WINS hook handling: NetBIOS names from registration packets are passed to a shell without proper validation or escaping. Unsanitized NetBIOS name data from WINS registration packets are inserted into a shell command…
-
Critical 9.3
CLUSTERPRO X for Linux 4.0, 4.1, 4.2, 5.0, 5.1 and 5.2 and EXPRESSCLUSTER X for Linux 4.0, 4.1, 4.2, 5.0, 5.1 and 5.2, …
-
Critical 9.3
D-Link DIR-1260 <= v1.20B05 GetDeviceSettings Unauthenticated Command Injection
D-Link DIR-1260 Wi-Fi router firmware versions up to and including v1.20B05 contain a command injection vulnerability within the web management interface that allows for unauthenticated attackers to execute arbitrary commands on the device with root privilege…
-
Critical 9.1
Dell CloudLink, versions 8.0 through 8.1.2, contain vulnerability on restricted shell. A Privileged user with known pas…