Weakness (CWE)
CWE-78: OS Command Injection
The product constructs all or part of an OS command using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify the intended OS command before it is sent to a downstream component.
How to prevent it (8 mitigations)
-
Architecture and Design
If at all possible, use library calls rather than external processes to recreate the desired functionality.
-
Architecture and Design, Operation
Run the code in a "jail" or similar sandbox environment that enforces strict boundaries between the process and the operating system. This may effectively restrict which files can be accessed in a particular directory or which commands can be executed by the software.
OS-level examples include the Unix chroot jail, AppArmor, and SELinux. In general, managed code may provide some protection. For example, java.io.FilePermission in the Java SecurityManager allows the software to specify restrictions on file operations.
This may not be a feasible solution, and it only limits the impact to the operating system; the rest of the application may still be subject to compromise.
Be careful to avoid CWE-243 and other weaknesses related to jails.
-
Architecture and Design
For any data that will be used to generate a command to be executed, keep as much of that data out of external control as possible. For example, in web applications, this may require storing the data locally in the session's state instead of sending it out to the client in a hidden form field.
-
Architecture and Design
For any security checks that are performed on the client side, ensure that these checks are duplicated on the server side, in order to avoid CWE-602. Attackers can bypass the client-side checks by modifying values after the checks have been performed, or by changing the client to remove the client-side checks entirely. Then, these modified values would be submitted to the server.
-
Architecture and Design
Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
For example, consider using the ESAPI Encoding control [REF-45] or a similar tool, library, or framework. These will help the programmer encode outputs in a manner less prone to error.
-
Implementation
While it is risky to use dynamically-generated query strings, code, or commands that mix control and data together, sometimes it may be unavoidable. Properly quote arguments and escape any special characters within those arguments. The most conservative approach is to escape or filter all characters that do not pass an extremely strict allowlist (such as everything that is not alphanumeric or white space). If some special characters are still needed, such as white space, wrap each argument in quotes after the escaping/filtering step. Be careful of argument injection (CWE-88).
-
Implementation
If the program to be executed allows arguments to be specified within an input file or from standard input, then consider using that mode to pass arguments instead of the command line.
-
Architecture and Design
If available, use structured mechanisms that automatically enforce the separation between data and code. These mechanisms may be able to provide the relevant quoting, encoding, and validation automatically, instead of relying on the developer to provide this capability at every point where output is generated.
Some languages offer multiple functions that can be used to invoke commands. Where possible, identify any function that invokes a command shell using a single string, and replace it with a function that requires individual arguments. These functions typically perform appropriate quoting and filtering of arguments. For example, in C, the system() function accepts a string that contains the entire command to be executed, whereas execl(), execve(), and others require an array of strings, one for each argument. In Windows, CreateProcess() only accepts one command at a time. In Perl, if system() is provided with an array of arguments, then it will quote each of the arguments.
Source: MITRE CWE-78
1,588 results · Clear filters · Feed
-
Critical 9.1
An Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command ('OS Command Injection') vulnerability in the Soni…
-
Critical 9.8
SadTalker OS Command Injection via Audio Filename
SadTalker contains an OS command injection vulnerability in the video muxing process where uploaded audio filenames are interpolated into ffmpeg commands without proper escaping. Attackers can upload audio files with shell metacharacters in the filename to br…
-
Critical 9.8
zerox 1.1.20 OS Command Injection via Document URL File Extension
zerox 1.1.20 contains an OS command injection vulnerability in the file download mechanism where the temporary file extension derived from document URLs is interpolated unsanitized into shell commands executed by poppler utilities. Attackers can craft documen…
-
Critical 9.8
XING CPTrans-ME-X contains an OS Command Injection (CWE-78). Unauthenticated OS command may be injected.
-
Critical 9.8
MOOS-IvP through 24.8.1 iSay Command Injection via SAY_MOOS
MOOS-IvP iSay through 24.8.1 contains a remote code execution vulnerability in the SAY_MOOS variable handler that passes unsanitized text to a shell command. Attackers can publish SAY_MOOS messages containing backticks or command substitution syntax to execut…
-
Critical 9.8
MOOS-IvP through 24.8.1 uMemWatch Command Injection via MOOS Client Names
MOOS-IvP uMemWatch through 24.8.1 constructs shell commands from attacker-chosen MOOS client names without sanitization. Attackers can inject shell metacharacters into client names to execute arbitrary commands as the uMemWatch process user through unquoted r…
-
Critical 9.1
D-Link DNS-320 ShareCenter File Sharing file_sharing.cgi os command injection
A vulnerability was determined in D-Link DNS-320 ShareCenter 2.06B01. This affects an unknown part of the file /cgi/file_sharing.cgi of the component File Sharing. Executing a manipulation of the argument fileurl can lead to os command injection. The attack c…
-
Critical 9.9
D-Link DNS-340L CGI dropbox.cgi os command injection
A vulnerability was found in D-Link DNS-340L 1.01B04. Affected by this issue is some unknown functionality of the file /cgi-bin/dropbox.cgi of the component CGI Handler. Performing a manipulation of the argument callback_url/sync_interval results in os comman…
-
Critical 9.1
D-Link DNS-340L Add-On Center addon_center.cgi os command injection
A vulnerability has been found in D-Link DNS-340L 1.01B04. Affected by this vulnerability is an unknown functionality of the file /cgi-bin/addon_center.cgi of the component Add-On Center. Such manipulation of the argument f_name/f_url/f_flag/f_login_user lead…
-
Critical 9.8
Looking Glass: Remote Code Execution via Unanchored Regular Expression in BGPASPath Input Validation
Looking Glass is a modern, stateless network-diagnostic platform — a single self-contained Go binary that fronts a fleet of routers over SSH and exposes ping / traceroute / BGP lookups through a gRPC (ConnectRPC) API, an embedded SvelteKit web UI, and a lg-cl…
-
Critical 9.0
A critical local privilege escalation via OS command injection vulnerability has been discovered in Plesk for Linux, af…
-
Critical 9.3
Command Injection vulnerability in eObčanka-Identifikace
Improper neutralization of special elements used in an OS command ('OS command injection') vulnerability in Digitální a informační agentura (DIA) eObčanka-Identifikace on MacOS enables an attacker to register a custom URL scheme (czeeopauth://) for parameteri…
-
Critical 9.9
D-Link DNS-340L/DNS-345 iscsi_mgr.cgi os command injection
A vulnerability was found in D-Link DNS-340L and DNS-345 up to 20260717. This affects an unknown part of the file /cgi-bin/iscsi_mgr.cgi. Performing a manipulation of the argument alias/username/password/volume_location results in os command injection. It is …
-
Critical 9.1
D-Link DNS-320L/DNS-327L/DNS-340L/DNS-345 CGI usb_device.cgi os command injection
A vulnerability has been found in D-Link DNS-320L, DNS-327L, DNS-340L and DNS-345 up to 20260717. Affected by this issue is some unknown functionality of the file /cgi-bin/usb_device.cgi of the component CGI Handler. Such manipulation of the argument f_ups_ip…
-
Critical 9.1
D-Link DNS-327L/DNS-340L ve_mgr.cgi os command injection
A flaw has been found in D-Link DNS-327L and DNS-340L up to 20260717. Affected by this vulnerability is an unknown functionality of the file /cgi-bin/ve_mgr.cgi. This manipulation of the argument f_dev causes os command injection. The attack is possible to be…
-
Critical 9.9
D-Link DNS-320L/DNS-327L/DNS-340L/DNS-345 ISO Image isomount_mgr.cgi os command injection
A vulnerability was detected in D-Link DNS-320L, DNS-327L, DNS-340L and DNS-345 up to 20260717. Affected is an unknown function of the file /cgi-bin/isomount_mgr.cgi of the component ISO Image Handler. The manipulation of the argument upIsoRootPath results in…
-
Critical 9.1
D-Link DNS-340L/DNS-345 Virtual Volume virtual_vol.cgi os command injection
A security vulnerability has been detected in D-Link DNS-340L and DNS-345 1.01B04/1.03B06/1.04.B02/1.05b04. This impacts an unknown function of the file /cgi-bin/virtual_vol.cgi of the component Virtual Volume Handler. The manipulation of the argument f_share…
-
Critical 9.8
An OS command injection vulnerability in MetaGPT 0.8.1 allows an attacker to execute arbitrary commands via the path ar…
-
Critical 9.3
JS Recon: Command injection in PR Branch Checker workflow via untrusted pull request context values
JS Recon is a JavaScript enumeration and SAST tool. From 1.2.1-beta.1 until 1.3.1-beta.2, the PR Branch Checker workflow in .github/workflows/pr_checker.yml places github.head_ref and github.event.pull_request.head.repo.full_name into BRANCH_NAME and SOURCE_R…
-
Critical 9.8
Green-Computing｜NUMail - OS Command Injection
NUMail developed by Green-Computing has an OS Command Injection vulnerability. Unauthenticated remote attackers can inject arbitrary OS commands and execute them on the server.
-
Critical 9.8
An OS command injection vulnerability in the killSessionSync function (lib/agent-runtime.ts) of 23blocks-OS ai-maestro …
-
Critical 9.1
Liman: OS Command Injection in LogRotationController allows authenticated admin to execute arbitrary commands (RCE)
Liman is open source server management software. Prior to 2.2.2 - 1103, an OS command injection vulnerability in the log rotation configuration endpoint allows an authenticated administrator to execute arbitrary operating system commands on the Liman server. …
-
Critical 9.8CVE-2026-74233 Exploited
Zbtlink MQWrt infosrvd Command Injection
Zbtlink WE1326, WE357, WE5926, WE5926-WD, WE826-Q, WE826-T2, WE826-WD, WG108, and WG3526 firmware 19.1101, Zbtlink WE2426-C firmware 19.1112, Zbtlink WE5926-EC_QP firmware 20.0516, Zbtlink WF3526-P firmware 19.051, CTN720-W1, LF-1541, and MT7620N firmware 19.…
-
Critical 9.1
Dell Cloud Disaster Recovery, versions 20.2 and prior, contain an Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in a…
-
Critical 9.8
ClipBucket V5 5.5.1 through 5.5.3-#153 OS Command Injection via Installer php_cli_filepath Parameter
ClipBucket V5's web installer fails to properly validate or escape the php_cli_filepath parameter before passing it to shell execution. Unauthenticated attackers can submit a crafted POST request to the installer with a malicious php_cli_filepath value to exe…
-
Critical 9.8
Chainlit: Command injection via MCP stdio transport allows unauthenticated remote code execution
Chainlit is a Python framework for building production-ready conversational AI applications. From 2.4.0rc0 until 2.12.0, Chainlit deployments with features.mcp.enabled set to true in .chainlit/config.toml expose the POST /mcp endpoint without requiring authen…
-
Critical 10.0
Adobe Campaign Classic (ACC) | Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command ('OS Command Injection') (CWE-78)
Adobe Campaign Classic (ACC) is affected by an Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command ('OS Command Injection') vulnerability that could result in arbitrary code execution in the context of the current user. An attacker could exploit…
-
Critical 10.0
Adobe Campaign Classic (ACC) | Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command ('OS Command Injection') (CWE-78)
Adobe Campaign Classic (ACC) is affected by an Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command ('OS Command Injection') vulnerability that could result in arbitrary code execution in the context of the current user. An attacker could exploit…
-
Critical 9.8
Unauthenticated Remote Code Execution via Shell Injection in Web Management Interface
The web-based management interface uses a modified uhttpd server with CGI shell scripts. The HTTP Basic Authentication username, taken directly from the Authorization header without sanitization, is inserted into a shell command string executed via the system…
-
Critical 9.8
DrayTek VigorSwitch Multiple Models Pre-Authentication OS Command Injection via setget.cgi
Multiple DrayTek VigorSwitch models contain a pre-authentication command injection vulnerability in the setget.cgi interface. The vulnerability is caused by insufficient filtering of the pass field before command execution. A remote attacker can trigger this …
-
Critical 9.8
DrayTek VigorAP Multiple Models Pre-Authentication OS Command Injection via dray_apm
Multiple DrayTek VigorAP models contain a command injection vulnerability in the dray_apm component. The vulnerability is caused by insufficient validation of UDP message content after START_SPEED_TEST before command execution. A remote attacker can trigger t…
-
Critical 9.8
4MOSAn Security Technology｜4MOSAn GCB Doctor - OS Command Injection
4MOSAn GCB Doctor developed by 4MOSAn Security Technology has a OS Command Injection vulnerability. Unauthenticated remote attackers can inject malicious commands through an unremoved ADOdb test page parameter, thereby executing arbitrary system commands on t…
-
Critical 9.4
Datiphy Data Management Center - Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command
OS command injection in the api endpoint of Datiphy Data Management Center from v8.3.0 through v8.5.1 allows an authenticated administrator to execute arbitrary operating system commands as root.
-
Critical 9.9
Vulnerabilities in IBM AIX and PowerVM VIOS
IBM AIX 7.2, and 7.3 and IBM PowerVM VIOS 4.1 could allow a remote authenticated attacker to execute arbitrary commands due to improper neutralization of special elements used in an OS command.
-
Critical 9.3CVE-2026-19586 Public exploit
Pre-Authentication OS Command Injection in Omada Gateways on OpenVPN Server in Omada Gateways
A pre-authentication OS command injection vulnerability has been identified in Omada gateways configured to operate as an OpenVPN Server due to insufficient validation of client-supplied data during OpenVPN connection establishment. An unauthenticated remote …
-
Critical 9.8
CVE-2026-18482
Neo.mjs contains a command injection vulnerability within the FileSystemService.mjs component of the ai/mcp/server/file-system MCP server, where the checkSyntax() and runPlaywrightTest() functions unsafely interpolate caller-controlled absolutePath values int…
-
Critical 9.8
Termix: Remote Code Execution via Tunnel Disconnect pkill Command Injection
Termix is a web-based server management platform with SSH terminal, tunneling, and file editing capabilities. Prior to 2.3.2, the DELETE /ssh/tunnel/disconnect/:tunnelName teardown path in src/backend/ssh/tunnel.ts interpolates endpointPort, sourcePort, endpo…
-
Critical 9.8
Vulnerabilities in IBM AIX and PowerVM VIOS
IBM AIX 7.2, and 7.3 and IBM PowerVM VIOS 4.1 could allow a remote attacker to execute arbitrary commands due to improper neutralization of special elements used in an OS command.
-
Critical 9.9
Vulnerabilities in IBM AIX and PowerVM VIOS
IBM AIX 7.2, and 7.3 and IBM PowerVM VIOS 4.1 could allow a remote authenticated attacker to execute arbitrary commands due to improper neutralization of special elements used in an OS command.
-
Critical 9.9
Vulnerabilities in IBM AIX and PowerVM VIOS
IBM AIX 7.2, and 7.3 and IBM PowerVM VIOS 4.1 NIM could allow a remote authenticated attacker to execute arbitrary commands due to improper neutralization of special elements used in an OS command.