Weakness (CWE)
CWE-78: OS Command Injection
The product constructs all or part of an OS command using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify the intended OS command before it is sent to a downstream component.
How to prevent it (8 mitigations)
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Architecture and Design
If at all possible, use library calls rather than external processes to recreate the desired functionality.
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Architecture and Design, Operation
Run the code in a "jail" or similar sandbox environment that enforces strict boundaries between the process and the operating system. This may effectively restrict which files can be accessed in a particular directory or which commands can be executed by the software.
OS-level examples include the Unix chroot jail, AppArmor, and SELinux. In general, managed code may provide some protection. For example, java.io.FilePermission in the Java SecurityManager allows the software to specify restrictions on file operations.
This may not be a feasible solution, and it only limits the impact to the operating system; the rest of the application may still be subject to compromise.
Be careful to avoid CWE-243 and other weaknesses related to jails.
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Architecture and Design
For any data that will be used to generate a command to be executed, keep as much of that data out of external control as possible. For example, in web applications, this may require storing the data locally in the session's state instead of sending it out to the client in a hidden form field.
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Architecture and Design
For any security checks that are performed on the client side, ensure that these checks are duplicated on the server side, in order to avoid CWE-602. Attackers can bypass the client-side checks by modifying values after the checks have been performed, or by changing the client to remove the client-side checks entirely. Then, these modified values would be submitted to the server.
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Architecture and Design
Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
For example, consider using the ESAPI Encoding control [REF-45] or a similar tool, library, or framework. These will help the programmer encode outputs in a manner less prone to error.
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Implementation
While it is risky to use dynamically-generated query strings, code, or commands that mix control and data together, sometimes it may be unavoidable. Properly quote arguments and escape any special characters within those arguments. The most conservative approach is to escape or filter all characters that do not pass an extremely strict allowlist (such as everything that is not alphanumeric or white space). If some special characters are still needed, such as white space, wrap each argument in quotes after the escaping/filtering step. Be careful of argument injection (CWE-88).
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Implementation
If the program to be executed allows arguments to be specified within an input file or from standard input, then consider using that mode to pass arguments instead of the command line.
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Architecture and Design
If available, use structured mechanisms that automatically enforce the separation between data and code. These mechanisms may be able to provide the relevant quoting, encoding, and validation automatically, instead of relying on the developer to provide this capability at every point where output is generated.
Some languages offer multiple functions that can be used to invoke commands. Where possible, identify any function that invokes a command shell using a single string, and replace it with a function that requires individual arguments. These functions typically perform appropriate quoting and filtering of arguments. For example, in C, the system() function accepts a string that contains the entire command to be executed, whereas execl(), execve(), and others require an array of strings, one for each argument. In Windows, CreateProcess() only accepts one command at a time. In Perl, if system() is provided with an array of arguments, then it will quote each of the arguments.
Source: MITRE CWE-78
1,588 results · Clear filters · Feed
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Critical 9.8
Remote code execution vulnerability
Zohocorp ManageEngine ADSelfService Plus versions before build 7001 are vulnerable to a remote code execution vulnerability in the GINA client.
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Critical 10.0CVE-2026-77521 Public exploit
MaxKB: Prompt-injectable agent can lead to command execution
MaxKB is an open-source AI assistant for enterprise. Prior to version 2.10.5-lts, assistants with a tool, MCP tool, skill, or sub-application use SandboxShellBackend, which exposes an execute shell tool without excluding it and omits execute from interrupt_on…
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Critical 9.1
MaxKB AWS Bedrock model credential injection leads to remote code execution
MaxKB is an open-source AI assistant for enterprise. Prior to 2.10.5-lts, authenticated workspace members can inject control characters into AWS Bedrock access_key_id and secret_access_key fields that _update_aws_credentials writes to /root/.aws/credentials w…
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Critical 9.8
Email::Sender::Transport::Sendmail versions before 2.602 for Perl allow arbitrary command execution on Windows sending a message whose envelope address reaches the shell in _sendmail_pipe
Email::Sender::Transport::Sendmail versions before 2.602 for Perl allow arbitrary command execution on Windows sending a message whose envelope address reaches the shell in _sendmail_pipe. On MSWin32 the envelope sender and every recipient go into a single co…
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Critical 9.1CVE-2026-93958 Public exploit
D-Link R95 DHMAPI ssi system os command injection
A vulnerability was found in D-Link R95 BE9500_1.00.16. This vulnerability affects the function system of the file /bin/ssi of the component DHMAPI. The manipulation of the argument NTPServer results in os command injection. The attack can be executed remotel…
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Critical 9.9
IBM Guardium Data Protection is affected by multiple vulnerabilities.
IBM Guardium Data Protection 12.2 is vulnerable to an authenticated OS command injection vulnerability in the exportCertificate functionality. Successful exploitation could allow an attacker to execute unauthorized commands and impact the confidentiality, int…
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Critical 9.4
Browsertrix: Arbitrary Command Injection due to Improper Command Sanitization in Git URLs specified as Custom Behaviors
Browsertrix is a high-fidelity, browser-based crawling service for web archiving that can be self-hosted or used through Webrecorder's hosted instance. From 1.15.0 until 1.22.8, Browsertrix improperly sanitizes Git URLs specified as Custom Behaviors, allowing…
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Critical 9.8
FatPipe MPVPN, WARP, and IPVPN appliances running the end-of-life firmware version 10.1.2r60p100 contain an OS command …
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Critical 9.1
Cisco Identity Services Engine Command Injection Vulnerability
A vulnerability in the diagnostic tools of Cisco ISE and ISE-PIC could allow an authenticated, remote attacker to perform command injection attacks on the underlying operating system and elevate privileges to root. To exploit this vulnerability, the atta…
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Critical 9.1
Cisco Identity Services Engine Command Injection Vulnerability
A vulnerability in the REST API of Cisco ISE and ISE-PIC could allow an authenticated, remote attacker to perform command injection attacks on the underlying operating system and elevate privileges to root. To exploit this vulnerability, the attacker must hav…
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Critical 9.1
Ruijie RG-EW3000GX user_list_note admin os command injection
A vulnerability was found in Ruijie RG-EW3000GX EW_3.0(1)B11P380. Affected by this issue is some unknown functionality of the file /etc/rg_config/admin of the component user_list_note Module. Performing a manipulation of the argument Name results in os comman…
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Critical 9.1
Ruijie RG-EW3000GX configChange unifyframe-sgi.elf cc_set os command injection
A vulnerability has been found in Ruijie RG-EW3000GX EW_3.0(1)B11P380. Affected by this vulnerability is the function cc_set of the file unifyframe-sgi.elf of the component configChange. Such manipulation of the argument data.url leads to os command injection…
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Critical 9.3
Nozomi Networks Labs identified a CWE-78: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command ('OS Comman…
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Critical 9.3
Authorized remote code execution via password change functionality in T-Mobile 5G Box IDU routers
WNC T-Mobile 5G Box IDU router contains an OS command injection vulnerability in the portal.cgi component's password change functionality. The application improperly neutralizes special elements in the http_passwd_hidden and http_passwdConfirm_hidden paramete…
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Critical 9.4
Unauthorized remote code execution in T-Mobile 5G Box IDU routers
WNC T-Mobile 5G Box IDU router is vulnerable to OS command injection vulnerability. The vulnerability exists within the /cgi-bin/portal.cgi endpoint, specifically through the cli_cookie POST parameter. The cli_cookie parameter value is directly concatenated i…
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Critical 9.3
Command Injection in T-Mobile 5G Box IDU router via ping functionality
WNC T-Mobile 5G Box IDU router is vulnerable to a command injection. The vulnerability exists in the ping functionality within the /cgi-bin/portal.cgi endpoint, specifically affecting the ping_ip, ping_size, and ping_times POST parameters. The root cause is t…
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Critical 9.8
Remote code execution via uploading a malicious IODD file
An unauthenticated remote attacker can upload a malicious IODD file that places and executes a shell script with root privileges. The shell script remains active even after a reboot.
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Critical 9.1
Security Advisory 0162 - gNSI Certz/Bootz OS Command Injection via Crafted Rotate Request
A privileged attacker can exploit certain operation to execute arbitrary commands with root privileges, leading to full device compromise. An authenticated user can exploit gRPC Network Security Interface (gNSI) Certz service on Arista EOS-based products to e…
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Critical 9.1
Conflibot: Command injection via crafted pull request branch names under pull_request_target
Conflibot warns in advance when merging a pull request will cause conflicts in other open pull requests. Prior to 1.2.1, src/index.ts builds git checkout, git merge, and git format-patch commands by interpolating the attacker-controlled pull request head.ref …
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Critical 9.3
Arbitrary command execution in TrxTimeATTENDANCE
An unauthenticated OS command injection vulnerability exists in the ping.php endpoint, allowing remote attackers to execute arbitrary commands on the underlying operating system and achieve remote code execution.
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Critical 9.1CVE-2026-90847 Public exploit
EFM ipTIME C200E System Setup iux_set.cgi os command injection
A vulnerability was determined in EFM ipTIME C200E 1.094. The impacted element is an unknown function of the file iux_set.cgi of the component System Setup. This manipulation causes os command injection. It is possible to initiate the attack remotely. The exp…
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Critical 9.8
PraisonAI UI MCP connect endpoint allows unauthenticated local command execution
PraisonAI is a multi-agent teams system. Prior to 4.6.59, the default UI host applications expose POST /api/mcp/connect without mandatory authentication and accept caller-controlled command and args values that PraisonAIUI passes to StdioMCPClient to start a …
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Critical 9.1
D-Link DWR-M921 formDiskCreateShare system os command injection
A vulnerability has been found in D-Link DWR-M921 1.1.52. The affected element is the function system of the file /boafrm/formDiskCreateShare. Such manipulation of the argument folderpath leads to os command injection. The attack may be launched remotely. The…
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Critical 9.1
D-Link DWR-M921 formDiskFormat system os command injection
A flaw has been found in D-Link DWR-M921 1.1.52. Impacted is the function system of the file /boafrm/formDiskFormat. This manipulation of the argument partition causes os command injection. The attack may be initiated remotely. The exploit has been published …
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Critical 9.9
D-Link DWR-M920 formPinManageSetup sub_41E60C os command injection
A weakness has been identified in D-Link DWR-M920 1.1.7. This issue affects the function sub_41E60C of the file /boafrm/formPinManageSetup. This manipulation of the argument newPin causes os command injection. The attack can be initiated remotely. The exploit…
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Critical 9.8
WAVLINK WN535M1/WN535M3 Unauthenticated OS Command Injection via sync_server
WAVLINK WN535M1 and WN535M3 routers running firmware prior to M35M1_V250922 contain an unauthenticated OS command injection vulnerability that allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary commands as root by sending crafted filenames to the sync_server daemon…
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Critical 9.8
Langflow is vulnerable to arbitrary code execution due to multiple incomplete code security controls and missing execution guards
IBM Langflow OSS 1.0.0 through 1.11.5 could allow a remote attacker to execute arbitrary OS commands due to improper neutralization of special elements used in an OS command.
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Critical 9.2
Improper escaping of a request URL in ConfigServer Security & Firewall allows an unauthenticated remote attacker to exe…
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Critical 9.5
OS command injection in the advanced-rule parser of ConfigServer Security & Firewall allows a remote attacker who contr…
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Critical 9.1
Dell ThinOS 10, versions prior to 2605_10. 2616, contains an Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS …
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Critical 9.8
Dell ThinOS 10, versions prior to 2605_10. 2616, contains an Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS …
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Critical 9.6
Read-only enforcement bypass enabling operating system command execution in the SQL validation component of Amazon awslabs postgres-mcp-server
An OS command injection weakness in the read-only enforcement of the SQL validation component in Amazon awslabs postgres-mcp-server before 1.1.7 might allow an unauthenticated actor to execute operating system commands on the host of a self-managed PostgreSQL…
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Critical 10.0
Adobe Campaign Classic (ACC) | Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command ('OS Command Injection') (CWE-78)
Adobe Campaign Classic (ACC) is affected by an Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command ('OS Command Injection') vulnerability that could result in arbitrary code execution in the context of the current user. An attacker could exploit…
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Critical 9.8
OS Command Injection Vulnerability in Cosminexus Component Container
OS command injection vulnerability in Cosminexus Component Container. This issue affects Cosminexus Component Container: from 11-70-01 before 11-70-03, from 11-60 before 11-60-03, from 11-50 through 11-50-03, from 11-40 through 11-40-03, from 11-30 through 11…
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Critical 9.9
Linksys RE7000 PingTest json.cgi platform_event_pingTest os command injection
A vulnerability was detected in Linksys RE7000 2.0.15. This affects the function platform_event_pingTest of the file /cgi-bin/json.cgi?PingTest of the component PingTest Handler. The manipulation of the argument pingTestIp/pingTestPktSize/pingTestTimes result…
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Critical 9.9
Tenda HG10 Boa formgponConf os command injection
A vulnerability was identified in Tenda HG10 300001138. Impacted is the function formgponConf of the file /boaform/admin/formgponConf of the component Boa. The manipulation of the argument fmgpon_loid leads to os command injection. Remote exploitation of the …
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Critical 10.0
Tenda CP3 Kylin AutoAddWifi.cpp ThreadProc os command injection
A flaw has been found in Tenda CP3 27.5.57.101. The impacted element is the function CAutoAddWifi::ThreadProc of the file Functions/AutoAddWifi.cpp of the component Kylin. Executing a manipulation can lead to os command injection. The attack may be launched r…
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Critical 9.1
Tenda CP3 Network Configuration Management system.c sub_2F77E8 os command injection
A vulnerability was detected in Tenda CP3 27.5.57.101. The affected element is the function sub_2F77E8 of the file Apis/system.c of the component Network Configuration Management. Performing a manipulation results in os command injection. The attack may be in…
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Critical 9.1
Tenda CP3 NetCheckPing.cpp os command injection
A weakness has been identified in Tenda CP3 27.5.57.101. This issue affects some unknown processing of the file Net/NetCheckPing.cpp. This manipulation of the argument interface_name/host causes os command injection. The attack can be initiated remotely.
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Critical 9.1
Tenda CP3 Kylin system.c SystemAsh os command injection
A security flaw has been discovered in Tenda CP3 27.5.57.101. This vulnerability affects the function SystemAsh of the file Apis/system.c of the component Kylin. The manipulation of the argument AlarmVoiceURL results in os command injection. It is possible to…