Weakness (CWE)
CWE-78: OS Command Injection
The product constructs all or part of an OS command using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify the intended OS command before it is sent to a downstream component.
How to prevent it (8 mitigations)
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Architecture and Design
If at all possible, use library calls rather than external processes to recreate the desired functionality.
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Architecture and Design, Operation
Run the code in a "jail" or similar sandbox environment that enforces strict boundaries between the process and the operating system. This may effectively restrict which files can be accessed in a particular directory or which commands can be executed by the software.
OS-level examples include the Unix chroot jail, AppArmor, and SELinux. In general, managed code may provide some protection. For example, java.io.FilePermission in the Java SecurityManager allows the software to specify restrictions on file operations.
This may not be a feasible solution, and it only limits the impact to the operating system; the rest of the application may still be subject to compromise.
Be careful to avoid CWE-243 and other weaknesses related to jails.
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Architecture and Design
For any data that will be used to generate a command to be executed, keep as much of that data out of external control as possible. For example, in web applications, this may require storing the data locally in the session's state instead of sending it out to the client in a hidden form field.
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Architecture and Design
For any security checks that are performed on the client side, ensure that these checks are duplicated on the server side, in order to avoid CWE-602. Attackers can bypass the client-side checks by modifying values after the checks have been performed, or by changing the client to remove the client-side checks entirely. Then, these modified values would be submitted to the server.
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Architecture and Design
Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
For example, consider using the ESAPI Encoding control [REF-45] or a similar tool, library, or framework. These will help the programmer encode outputs in a manner less prone to error.
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Implementation
While it is risky to use dynamically-generated query strings, code, or commands that mix control and data together, sometimes it may be unavoidable. Properly quote arguments and escape any special characters within those arguments. The most conservative approach is to escape or filter all characters that do not pass an extremely strict allowlist (such as everything that is not alphanumeric or white space). If some special characters are still needed, such as white space, wrap each argument in quotes after the escaping/filtering step. Be careful of argument injection (CWE-88).
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Implementation
If the program to be executed allows arguments to be specified within an input file or from standard input, then consider using that mode to pass arguments instead of the command line.
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Architecture and Design
If available, use structured mechanisms that automatically enforce the separation between data and code. These mechanisms may be able to provide the relevant quoting, encoding, and validation automatically, instead of relying on the developer to provide this capability at every point where output is generated.
Some languages offer multiple functions that can be used to invoke commands. Where possible, identify any function that invokes a command shell using a single string, and replace it with a function that requires individual arguments. These functions typically perform appropriate quoting and filtering of arguments. For example, in C, the system() function accepts a string that contains the entire command to be executed, whereas execl(), execve(), and others require an array of strings, one for each argument. In Windows, CreateProcess() only accepts one command at a time. In Perl, if system() is provided with an array of arguments, then it will quote each of the arguments.
Source: MITRE CWE-78
2,697 results · Clear filters · Feed
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High 8.8
GV-LPCLPC2011/2211 - ONVIF Subscribe Address Command Injection
GeoVision GV-LPC2211 V1.13 allows an authenticated ONVIF user to inject shell commands through ConsumerReference.Address and execute arbitrary commands as root.
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High 7.2
GV-LPCLPC2011/2211 - Wireless WEP Key1-Key4 Command Injection
GeoVision GV-LPC2211 V1.13 allows administrator-controlled WEP key values containing shell syntax to execute arbitrary commands as root.
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High 7.2
GV-LPC2011/LPC2211 - Wireless WPA-PSK Command Injection
GeoVision GV-LPC2211 V1.13 allows an administrator-controlled WPA-PSK containing shell syntax to execute arbitrary commands as root when wireless configuration is applied.
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High 7.2
GV-LPC2011/LPC2211 - Wireless SSID Command Injection
GeoVision GV-LPC2211 V1.13 allows an administrator-controlled wireless SSID containing shell syntax to execute arbitrary commands as root.
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High 7.2
GV-LPC2011/LPC2211 - PPPoE Username Shell-Configuration Command Injection
GeoVision GV-LPC2211 V1.13 allows an administrator-controlled PPPoE username to escape a sourced shell configuration assignment and execute arbitrary commands as root.
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High 7.2
GV-LPC2011/LPC2211 - Stored Administrator-Username Command Injection
GeoVision GV-LPC2211 V1.13 allows an administrator-controlled username containing shell metacharacters to be executed as arbitrary root commands when the stored username is later deleted.
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High 7.2
Authenticated Arbitrary File Write allows Remote Code Execution via CPPM Web Interface
A vulnerability in the CPPM web interface could allow an authenticated remote attacker to access directory information on a vulnerable system. Successful exploitation could allow an attacker to execute arbitrary commands on the underlying operating system.
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High 7.2
Authenticated Remote Code Execution in CPPM Web Interface
A vulnerability in the web-based management interface of vulnerable CPPM systems could allow an authenticated remote attacker to achieve remote code execution. Successful exploitation could allow an attacker to execute arbitrary commands on the underlying ope…
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High 8.7
CWE-78: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command ('OS Command Injection') vulnerability exists…
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High 7.2
Dell iDRAC9, 14G versions prior to 7.00.00.184, 15G/16G versions prior to 7.30.10.50, and Dell iDRAC10, 17G versions pr…
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High 7.5
Dell SCG 5.0 Appliance versions prior to 5.36.00.16 and Dell SCG 5.0 Application versions prior to 5.36.00.00, contains…
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High 7.0
Tanium addressed an unauthorized code execution vulnerability in Enforce.
Tanium addressed an unauthorized code execution vulnerability in Enforce.
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High 7.2
Azure HDInsight Ambari Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability
Improper neutralization of special elements used in an os command ('os command injection') in Azure HDInsights allows an authorized attacker to elevate privileges over a network.
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High 7.2
Snipe-IT before 8.7.0 Remote Code Execution via Backup Restore
Snipe-IT before 8.7.0 streams the SQL entry from an uploaded backup archive directly into the MySQL/MariaDB command-line client (`mysql`) without the --binary-mode flag, so the client interprets lines beginning with backslash commands such as `\!` as local sh…
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High 7.2
Netis NX10 OS Command Injection via Ping Diagnostic Handler
Netis NX10 firmware V4.0.1.5808 and V3.0.0.4142 contain an OS command injection vulnerability in the ping diagnostic handler that allows authenticated administrators to execute arbitrary shell commands as root by injecting into the IpAddr parameter. The param…
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High 7.2
Pki-core: dogtag/pki: certprofile-import allows code execution via unsanitized profile content (externalprocessconstraint)
A flaw was found in Dogtag PKI, as used by FreeIPA's certificate authority component. The certificate profile import functionality does not fully validate uploaded profile content beyond the profile ID. An authenticated user with CA Administrator privileges c…
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High 7.8
knowns before 0.30.0 Arbitrary Code Execution via LSP Binary
knowns versions before 0.30.0 fail to validate the settings.lsp.languages binary field in project configuration files, allowing attackers to execute arbitrary binaries by crafting a malicious .knowns/config.json file. When a repository with a crafted configur…
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High 7.2
Dell SCG 5.0 Appliance versions prior to 5.36.00.16 and Dell SCG 5.0 Application versions prior to 5.36.00.00, contains…
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High 8.4CVE-2026-19843 Public exploit
389-ds-base: 389-ds-base: command injection via unescaped ldap dn in cockpit 389 console ldap editor
A flaw was found in 389-ds-base. The Cockpit 389 Console's LDAP editor constructs an ldapsearch command by embedding an LDAP entry's distinguished name (DN) into a shell command string without proper escaping. An LDAP user with delegated privileges to create …
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High 7.3
Dell Secure Connect Gateway (SCG) 5.0 Application, versions prior to 5.36.00.00, contains an Improper Neutralization of…
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High 7.7
An argument parsing issue in OpenVPN 2.1_rc10 through 2.6.22 and 2.7_alpha1 through 2.7.7 on Windows allows remote auth…
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High 8.0
wnx/laravel-backup-restore: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command ('OS Command Injection') and Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in a Command ('Command Injection')
laravel-backup-restore restores database backups made with spatie/laravel-backup. Prior to version 1.9.4, a crafted backup archive can trigger OS command injection during database restore. This issue has been patched in version 1.9.4.
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High 7.8
OS command injection in Amazon log4j-cve-2021-44228-hotpatch
An OS command injection issue in the log4j-cve-2021-44228-hotpatch package in Amazon Linux before 1.3-9 might allow a local user to execute arbitrary commands with root privileges via a Java process whose executable path contains embedded newline characters.
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High 8.1
cli-mcp-server 0.2.5 Command Allowlist Bypass via Shell Substitution
cli-mcp-server 0.2.5 contains a command allowlist bypass vulnerability in the _validate_command_with_operators function when ALLOW_SHELL_OPERATORS is enabled. Attackers can use shell command substitution syntax like $(...) or backticks to execute non-allowlis…
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High 8.8
An authenticated remote code execution (RCE) vulnerability in the admin_config.php component of seacms v13.6 allows att…
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High 7.8
MOOS-IvP through 24.8.1 alogsplit Command Injection via Input Pathname
MOOS-IvP through 24.8.1 contains a remote code execution vulnerability in alogsplit's SplitHandler::handlePreCheckSplitDir() function that fails to sanitize shell metacharacters in log file pathnames. Attackers can embed shell syntax in log file names or the …
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High 8.0
OS command injection in the Amazon CodeCatalyst blueprints SDK
Improper neutralization of special elements used in an OS command (CWE-78) in the blueprint resynthesis framework in Amazon Web Services codecatalyst-blueprints before 0.3.156 might allow a user with permission to commit to a repository in the project to exec…
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High 8.8CVE-2026-71963 Public exploit
Hermes Agent 0.18.2 - 0.21.0 RCE via git core.fsmonitor Config Injection
Hermes Agent 0.18.2 through 0.21.0, fixed in commit f6234d0, contains a remote code execution vulnerability that allows attackers to execute arbitrary OS commands by supplying a malicious repository with a crafted .git/config that sets core.fsmonitor to an at…
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High 8.4
Arbitrary Code Execution via Administrative Operations in Multiple WSO2 Products Allows Remote Code Execution
The administrative operations within the Carbon Console do not adequately validate specific user-supplied input. This oversight allows a malicious actor with administrative privileges to inject and execute arbitrary code remotely. Successful exploitation enab…
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High 7.7CVE-2026-85168 Public exploit
n8n before 1.123.73 Remote Code Execution via Git Node
n8n versions before 1.123.73, 2.35.4, and 2.36.2 contain a remote code execution vulnerability in the Git node. The node reset a fixed list of command-bearing configuration keys before each operation, but that list did not cover the content-filter and merge-d…
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High 8.6
OS command injection in privileged configuration handling
SEPPmail Secure Email Gateway before 15.0.7 contains a command injection vulnerability that allows authenticated administrators to execute commands with elevated privileges.
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High 8.6
Unsafe deserialization in the REST interface
SEPPmail Secure Email Gateway before 15.0.6 deserializes attacker-controlled data in a privileged REST import workflow without adequate validation. An attacker with a privileged API token can execute arbitrary commands with "nobody" privileges.
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High 8.0
Nuclio: Unsanitized cron trigger event headers/body injected into CronJob shell command leads to persistent RCE
Nuclio is a "Serverless" framework for Real-Time Events and Data Processing. Prior to version 1.16.4, the Nuclio controller builds a curl invocation string for each cron trigger and stores it as the args of a Kubernetes CronJob container (/bin/sh, -c, <comman…
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High 8.7
Nuclio: Unauthenticated OS command injection via namespace header in list-all resource path on local platform
Nuclio is a "Serverless" framework for Real-Time Events and Data Processing. Prior to version 1.17.4, the fix for unauthenticated OS command injection in the nuclio dashboard on the local/Docker platform is incomplete. The fix added validateFunctionName for f…
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High 8.0
Nuclio: Unauthenticated OS command injection via function namespace in docker ps --filter label (local Docker platform)
Nuclio is a "Serverless" framework for Real-Time Events and Data Processing. Prior to version 1.17.4, on the Nuclio local Docker platform, the function namespace is interpolated—unvalidated—into a double-quoted docker ps --filter "label=nuclio.io/namespace=<v…
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High 7.4
OS command injection vulnerability in Jenkins TICS Plugin 2025.1.1 and earlier allows attackers able to control build e…
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High 7.8
Rpm: command injection in rpmuncompress via unescaped filenames passed to popen()
A flaw was found in rpmuncompress. This command injection vulnerability allows a local attacker to execute arbitrary commands. This occurs when rpmuncompress processes a specially crafted archive filename containing shell metacharacters, which are not properl…
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High 7.8
Rpm: command injection in `rpmbuild -t*` (`gettarspec`) via unescaped tarball path
A flaw was found in rpm. An attacker can exploit a command injection vulnerability by influencing the path or filename of a tarball processed by `rpmbuild -t*` to include shell metacharacters. This is particularly relevant in automated build or continuous int…
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High 8.8
Coolify before 4.2.0 Remote Code Execution via Environment Variable Key
Coolify before 4.2.0 fails to properly escape environment variable key names in Docker commands executed over SSH on managed servers. Authenticated attackers can inject shell metacharacters into environment variable keys to execute arbitrary commands on the s…
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High 7.6
Westermo WeOS 5.x starting from 5.24 allows OS command injection via a media definition.