Weakness (CWE)
CWE-78: OS Command Injection
The product constructs all or part of an OS command using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify the intended OS command before it is sent to a downstream component.
How to prevent it (8 mitigations)
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Architecture and Design
If at all possible, use library calls rather than external processes to recreate the desired functionality.
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Architecture and Design, Operation
Run the code in a "jail" or similar sandbox environment that enforces strict boundaries between the process and the operating system. This may effectively restrict which files can be accessed in a particular directory or which commands can be executed by the software.
OS-level examples include the Unix chroot jail, AppArmor, and SELinux. In general, managed code may provide some protection. For example, java.io.FilePermission in the Java SecurityManager allows the software to specify restrictions on file operations.
This may not be a feasible solution, and it only limits the impact to the operating system; the rest of the application may still be subject to compromise.
Be careful to avoid CWE-243 and other weaknesses related to jails.
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Architecture and Design
For any data that will be used to generate a command to be executed, keep as much of that data out of external control as possible. For example, in web applications, this may require storing the data locally in the session's state instead of sending it out to the client in a hidden form field.
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Architecture and Design
For any security checks that are performed on the client side, ensure that these checks are duplicated on the server side, in order to avoid CWE-602. Attackers can bypass the client-side checks by modifying values after the checks have been performed, or by changing the client to remove the client-side checks entirely. Then, these modified values would be submitted to the server.
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Architecture and Design
Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
For example, consider using the ESAPI Encoding control [REF-45] or a similar tool, library, or framework. These will help the programmer encode outputs in a manner less prone to error.
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Implementation
While it is risky to use dynamically-generated query strings, code, or commands that mix control and data together, sometimes it may be unavoidable. Properly quote arguments and escape any special characters within those arguments. The most conservative approach is to escape or filter all characters that do not pass an extremely strict allowlist (such as everything that is not alphanumeric or white space). If some special characters are still needed, such as white space, wrap each argument in quotes after the escaping/filtering step. Be careful of argument injection (CWE-88).
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Implementation
If the program to be executed allows arguments to be specified within an input file or from standard input, then consider using that mode to pass arguments instead of the command line.
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Architecture and Design
If available, use structured mechanisms that automatically enforce the separation between data and code. These mechanisms may be able to provide the relevant quoting, encoding, and validation automatically, instead of relying on the developer to provide this capability at every point where output is generated.
Some languages offer multiple functions that can be used to invoke commands. Where possible, identify any function that invokes a command shell using a single string, and replace it with a function that requires individual arguments. These functions typically perform appropriate quoting and filtering of arguments. For example, in C, the system() function accepts a string that contains the entire command to be executed, whereas execl(), execve(), and others require an array of strings, one for each argument. In Windows, CreateProcess() only accepts one command at a time. In Perl, if system() is provided with an array of arguments, then it will quote each of the arguments.
Source: MITRE CWE-78
2,705 results · Clear filters · Feed
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High 8.5
Nozomi Networks Labs identified a CWE-78: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command ('OS Comman…
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High 8.6
Nozomi Networks Labs identified a CWE-78: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command ('OS Comman…
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High 8.6
Nozomi Networks Labs identified a CWE-78: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command ('OS Comman…
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High 8.6
Zed: Allowlist Bypass via Bash Arithmetic Expansion in Terminal Tool Permissions
Zed is a code editor. Prior to 0.229.0, Zed's terminal tool permission system can be bypassed via bash arithmetic expansion $((...)), allowing execution of arbitrary commands nested inside an allowlisted command like echo. This vulnerability is fixed in 0.229…
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High 8.6
Zed: Allowlist Bypass via Environment Variable Injection in Terminal Tool Permissions
Zed is a code editor. Prior to 0.229.0, Zed's terminal tool permission system can be bypassed by prepending environment variable assignments to allowlisted commands, hijacking program behavior (e.g., PAGER) to execute arbitrary code. This vulnerability is fix…
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High 8.6
Zed: Zed IDE Arbitrary Code Execution via untrusted repository with poisoned .git/config
Zed is a code editor. Prior to 0.227.1, Zed IDE executes arbitrary commands when opening a folder with a malicious .git/config file that abuses the core.fsmonitor Git configuration option. This allows an attacker to achieve Remote Code Execution (RCE) when a …
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High 8.6
Zed: Remote Command Injection via Unquoted Environment Variable Keys (SSH / WSL Remote)
Zed is a code editor. Prior to 0.227.1, Zed builds SSH/WSL remote commands as a shell command string that starts with exec env ..., but environment variable keys are inserted without shell quoting or validation. If an attacker can control an environment varia…
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High 7.0
Rpm: command injection in rpmuncompress dountar() via unescaped archive top-level directory name in popen() shell command
A command injection vulnerability was discovered in the `rpmuncompress` utility of RPM. When extracting certain archive formats (ZIP, 7z, GEM) to a specified destination directory, the tool inserts the archive's top-level folder name into a shell command with…
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High 7.8
OS Command Injection in Microsoft UFO Shell Action Replay via Stored Session JSON
Microsoft UFO open-source framework for intelligent automation across devices and platforms. Microsoft UFO tagged releases up to and including v3.0.0 contain an OS command injection vulnerability in the shell action replay path. In affected releases, ShellRec…
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High 7.8
uniget: Command Injection in tool.Check Leading to Arbitrary Code Execution
uniget is a universal installer and updater for (container) tools. Prior to 0.27.1, a command injection vulnerability exists in uniget due to unsafe execution of the check field from metadata files using /bin/bash -c. Because the check field is loaded directl…
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High 8.8
Tanium addressed an unauthorized code execution vulnerability in Connect.
Tanium addressed an unauthorized code execution vulnerability in Connect.
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High 8.6
claude-code-cache-fix: Local code execution via Python triple-quote injection in tools/quota-statusline.sh
claude-code-cache-fix is a cache optimization proxy for Claude Code. From 3.5.0 to before 3.5.2, tools/quota-statusline.sh (introduced in v3.5.0) interpolates Claude Code's hook stdin payload directly into a Python triple-quoted string literal. A ''' byte seq…
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High 8.2
pam_usb: Shell injection via device UUID and username in pamusb-conf and pamusb-agent
pam_usb provides hardware authentication for Linux using ordinary removable media. Prior to 0.8.7, a crafted UUID such as $(id>/tmp/rce) in the config causes root RCE when pamusb-conf --reset-pads is run. A USB device with a crafted filesystem UUID (some cont…
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High 7.8
pam_usb: PINENTRY_FALLBACK_APP environment variable allows arbitrary command execution
pam_usb provides hardware authentication for Linux using ordinary removable media. Prior to 0.8.7, pamusb-pinentry reads the PINENTRY_FALLBACK_APP environment variable and executes it directly without any validation. Any process that can set environment varia…
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High 8.8
pam_usb: Command injection via $TMUX environment variable leads to RCE as root
pam_usb provides hardware authentication for Linux using ordinary removable media. Prior to 0.8.7, src/tmux.c reads the user's $TMUX environment variable, splits it on commas, and interpolates the socket-path component directly into a shell command passed to …
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High 7.8
systeminformation: Linux command injection in networkInterfaces() via unsanitized NetworkManager connection profile name
systeminformation is a System and OS information library for node.js. From 4.17.0 to 5.31.5, on Linux, systeminformation is vulnerable to command injection in networkInterfaces() when an active NetworkManager connection profile name contains shell metacharact…
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High 8.8
BentoML: Dockerfile command injection via docker.base_image
BentoML is a Python library for building online serving systems optimized for AI apps and model inference. Prior to 1.4.39, src/bentoml/_internal/container/frontend/dockerfile/templates/base_v2.j2 interpolates docker.base_image raw with no escaping, newline f…
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High 8.8
BentoML: Dockerfile command injection via envs[*].name in bentofile.yaml
BentoML is a Python library for building online serving systems optimized for AI apps and model inference. Prior to 1.4.39, a malicious bentofile.yaml containing a newline-injected value in envs[*].name produces unquoted RUN directives in the BentoML-generate…
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High 7.2
Command injection via malicious configuration
A highly authenticated attacker can alter the config generator injecting a payload into future created configurations. The device is not correctly checking this configuration value before passing it to an system execute leading to code execution. This can res…
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High 8.8
Tanium addressed an unauthorized code execution vulnerability in Connect.
Tanium addressed an unauthorized code execution vulnerability in Connect.
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High 8.8
@pensar/apex <= 0.0.58 is vulnerable to OS command injection via the smart_enumerate tool. The createSmartEnumerateTool…
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High 7.3
picoclaw is vulnerable to OS command injection via the ExecTool component
picoclaw <=v0.1.2 and earlier is vulnerable to OS command injection via the ExecTool component (pkg/tools/shell.go). The guardCommand() function attempts to restrict shell command execution using a denylist of 8 regular expressions, but the denylist is incomp…
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High 8.9CVE-2026-9560 Public exploit
Privilege escalation via background service of OpenVPN Connect 3.5.1 through 3.8.1 on macOS allows attackers to execute…
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High 8.1
FastNetMon Community Edition through 1.2.9 contains a configuration injection vulnerability in the Juniper router integ…
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High 8.1
FastNetMon Community Edition through 1.2.9 contains an OS command injection vulnerability in the MikroTik router integr…
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High 8.1
FastNetMon Community Edition through 1.2.9 contains an OS command injection vulnerability in the Juniper router integra…
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High 7.3
FoundDream miniclawd exec.ts ExecTool.execute os command injection
A security vulnerability has been detected in FoundDream miniclawd up to 2d65665046e2222eeea76cafc8570ed546a8c125. Affected by this issue is the function ExecTool.execute of the file /src/tools/exec.ts. Such manipulation leads to os command injection. The att…
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High 8.5
An OS Command Injection vulnerability exists in Aterm. If a malicious third person gains administrator access to the pr…
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High 7.3
NousResearch hermes-agent terminal_tool approval.py detect_dangerous_command os command injection
A vulnerability was determined in NousResearch hermes-agent up to 5157f5427f19488b31c6fdebbacd15d798ce7f63. This affects the function detect_dangerous_command of the file tools/approval.py of the component terminal_tool. This manipulation causes os command in…
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High 8.1CVE-2026-9277 Public exploit
shell-quote `quote()` does not validate object-token shapes, allowing command injection via line terminators in `.op`
shell-quote's `quote()` function did not validate object-token inputs against the operator model used by `parse()`. The `.op` field was backslash-escaped character by character using `/(.)/g`, which in JavaScript does not match line terminators (\n, \r, U+202…
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High 7.5
Remote code execution via installer Wi-Fi access point scans
When bsdinstall or bsdconfig are prompted to scan for nearby Wi-Fi networks, they build up a list of network names and use bsddialog(1) to prompt the user to select a network. This is implemented using a shell script, and the code which handled network names …
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High 7.5
Bitwise OR logic bug enables shell injection
A logic error involving bitwise OR operations in Netatalk 3.1.4 through 4.4.2 allows a remote authenticated attacker to inject OS commands and execute arbitrary code.
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High 8.5
HP Linux Imaging and Printing Software – Potential Escalation of Privilege and Arbitrary Code Execution
A potential security vulnerability has been identified in the HP Linux Imaging and Printing Software. This potential vulnerability may allow escalation of privileges and/or arbitrary code execution via operating system command injection.
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High 8.7
Improper neutralization of special elements used in an OS command ('OS command injection') in ScadaBR
In ScadaBR version 1.2.0, an OS Command Injection vulnerability could allow an attacker to execute commands as root on the SCADA system.
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High 8.8
A command injection vulnerability exists in the /cgi-bin/tools/ajax_cmd endpoint of Panabit PAP-XM320 up to and includi…
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High 7.0
Tabby auto-confirms ZMODEM detection on terminal output, leading to shell command execution from displayed file content under fish, bash, and zsh
Tabby (formerly Terminus) is a highly configurable terminal emulator. Prior to 1.0.233, Tabby before 1.0.233 automatically confirms ZMODEM protocol detection on all terminal session output without user interaction, enabling shell command execution when a user…
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High 8.7
Improper input validation in Delphix Continuous Data connectors allows an authenticated user to execute arbitrary opera…
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High 8.3
python-utcp: Command Injection via Unsanitized Argument Substitution in CLI Communication Protocol
python-utcp is the python implementation of UTCP. Prior to 1.1.3, the _substitute_utcp_args method in cli_communication_protocol.py inserts user-controlled tool_args values directly into shell command strings without any sanitization or escaping. These comman…
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High 7.8
protobufjs-cli: OS Command Injection
protobufjs-cli is the command line add-on for protobuf.js. Prior to 1.2.1 and 2.0.2, pbts invoked JSDoc by building a shell command string from input file paths and executing it through child_process.exec. File paths containing shell metacharacters could ther…
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High 8.8
A potential vulnerability was reported in some Lenovo Personal Cloud Storage devices that could allow a remote authenti…