Weakness (CWE)
CWE-78: OS Command Injection
The product constructs all or part of an OS command using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify the intended OS command before it is sent to a downstream component.
How to prevent it (8 mitigations)
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Architecture and Design
If at all possible, use library calls rather than external processes to recreate the desired functionality.
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Architecture and Design, Operation
Run the code in a "jail" or similar sandbox environment that enforces strict boundaries between the process and the operating system. This may effectively restrict which files can be accessed in a particular directory or which commands can be executed by the software.
OS-level examples include the Unix chroot jail, AppArmor, and SELinux. In general, managed code may provide some protection. For example, java.io.FilePermission in the Java SecurityManager allows the software to specify restrictions on file operations.
This may not be a feasible solution, and it only limits the impact to the operating system; the rest of the application may still be subject to compromise.
Be careful to avoid CWE-243 and other weaknesses related to jails.
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Architecture and Design
For any data that will be used to generate a command to be executed, keep as much of that data out of external control as possible. For example, in web applications, this may require storing the data locally in the session's state instead of sending it out to the client in a hidden form field.
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Architecture and Design
For any security checks that are performed on the client side, ensure that these checks are duplicated on the server side, in order to avoid CWE-602. Attackers can bypass the client-side checks by modifying values after the checks have been performed, or by changing the client to remove the client-side checks entirely. Then, these modified values would be submitted to the server.
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Architecture and Design
Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
For example, consider using the ESAPI Encoding control [REF-45] or a similar tool, library, or framework. These will help the programmer encode outputs in a manner less prone to error.
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Implementation
While it is risky to use dynamically-generated query strings, code, or commands that mix control and data together, sometimes it may be unavoidable. Properly quote arguments and escape any special characters within those arguments. The most conservative approach is to escape or filter all characters that do not pass an extremely strict allowlist (such as everything that is not alphanumeric or white space). If some special characters are still needed, such as white space, wrap each argument in quotes after the escaping/filtering step. Be careful of argument injection (CWE-88).
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Implementation
If the program to be executed allows arguments to be specified within an input file or from standard input, then consider using that mode to pass arguments instead of the command line.
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Architecture and Design
If available, use structured mechanisms that automatically enforce the separation between data and code. These mechanisms may be able to provide the relevant quoting, encoding, and validation automatically, instead of relying on the developer to provide this capability at every point where output is generated.
Some languages offer multiple functions that can be used to invoke commands. Where possible, identify any function that invokes a command shell using a single string, and replace it with a function that requires individual arguments. These functions typically perform appropriate quoting and filtering of arguments. For example, in C, the system() function accepts a string that contains the entire command to be executed, whereas execl(), execve(), and others require an array of strings, one for each argument. In Windows, CreateProcess() only accepts one command at a time. In Perl, if system() is provided with an array of arguments, then it will quote each of the arguments.
Source: MITRE CWE-78
2,705 results · Clear filters · Feed
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High 7.2
Authenticated Command Injection Vulnerabilities in AOS-8 Web-Based Management Interface
Authenticated command injection vulnerabilities exist in the web-based management interface of mobility conductors running AOS-8 operating system. Successful exploitation could allow an authenticated malicious actor to execute arbitrary commands as a privileg…
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High 7.2
Authenticated Command Injection Vulnerabilities in AOS-8 Web-Based Management Interface
Authenticated command injection vulnerabilities exist in the web-based management interface of mobility conductors running AOS-8 operating system. Successful exploitation could allow an authenticated malicious actor to execute arbitrary commands as a privileg…
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High 7.2
Authenticated Command Injection Vulnerabilities in AOS-8 Web-Based Management Interface
Authenticated command injection vulnerabilities exist in the web-based management interface of mobility conductors running AOS-8 operating system. Successful exploitation could allow an authenticated malicious actor to execute arbitrary commands as a privileg…
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High 8.6
Dreamweaver Desktop | Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command ('OS Command Injection') (CWE-78)
Dreamweaver Desktop versions 21.6 and earlier are affected by an Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command ('OS Command Injection') vulnerability that could lead in arbitrary code execution by an attacker. Exploitation of this issue re…
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High 8.4
OS Command Injection vulnerability in SAP Application Server for ABAP and SAP NetWeaver RFCSDK
Due to an OS Command Injection vulnerability in SAP Application Server for ABAP and SAP NetWeaver RFCSDK, an authenticated attacker with administrative access and adjacent network access could upload specially crafted content to the server. If processed by th…
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High 8.8
Merit LILIN｜IP Camera - OS Command Injection
Certain IP Camera models developed by Merit LILIN has a OS Command Injection vulnerability, allowing authenticated remote attackers to inject arbitrary OS commands and execute them on the device.
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High 8.8
Merit LILIN｜NVR - OS Command Injection
Certain DVR/NVR models developed by Merit LILIN has a OS Command Injection vulnerability, allowing authenticated remote attackers to inject arbitrary OS commands and execute them on the device.
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High 7.1
Spectrum command injection in NCM service
Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command ('OS Command Injection') vulnerability in Broadcom DX NetOps Spectrum on Windows, Linux allows OS Command Injection.This issue affects DX NetOps Spectrum: 23.3.6 and earlier.
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High 7.3
Sangfor Operation and Maintenance Management System session SessionController os command injection
A vulnerability was identified in Sangfor Operation and Maintenance Management System up to 3.0.8. The affected element is the function SessionController of the file /isomp-protocol/protocol/session. Such manipulation of the argument Hostname leads to os comm…
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High 8.8
Sangfor Operation and Maintenance Management System VersionController.java uploadCN os command injection
A vulnerability has been found in Sangfor Operation and Maintenance Management System up to 3.0.8. This vulnerability affects the function uploadCN of the file VersionController.java. The manipulation of the argument filename leads to os command injection. Th…
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High 7.8
Command Injection in Kiro GitLab Merge Request Helper
Processing specially crafted workspace folder names could allow for arbitrary command injection in the Kiro GitLab Merge-Request helper in Kiro IDE before version 0.6.18 when opening maliciously crafted workspaces. To mitigate, users should update to the late…
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High 8.6
Command injection in Vivotek IP7137 cameras
Vivotek IP7137 camera with firmware version 0200a is vulnerable to command injection. Parameter "system_ntpIt" used by "/cgi-bin/admin/setparam.cgi" endpoint is not sanitized properly, allowing a user with administrative privileges to perform an attack. Due t…
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High 8.6
Authenticated Remote Code Execution in the NTP-configuration
This vulnerability allows authenticated attackers to execute commands via the NTP-configuration of the device.
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High 7.8
Greenshot Vulnerable to OS Command Injection via ExternalCommand Plugin
Greenshot is an open source Windows screenshot utility. Versions 1.3.310 and below arvulnerable to OS Command Injection through unsanitized filename processing. The FormatArguments method in ExternalCommandDestination.cs:269 uses string.Format() to insert use…
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High 8.8
INIM Electronics SmartLiving SmartLAN/G/SI <=6.x Remote Command Execution
SmartLiving SmartLAN <=6.x contains an authenticated remote command injection vulnerability in the web.cgi binary through the 'par' POST parameter with the 'testemail' module. Attackers can exploit the unsanitized parameter and system() function call to execu…
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High 8.8CVE-2017-20215 EPSS 16%
FLIR Thermal Camera FC-S/PT firmware version 8.0.0.64 Authenticated OS Command Injection
FLIR Thermal Camera FC-S/PT firmware version 8.0.0.64 contains an authenticated OS command injection vulnerability that allows attackers to execute shell commands with root privileges. Authenticated attackers can inject arbitrary shell commands through unvali…
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High 7.6
pnpm vulnerable to Command Injection via environment variable substitution
pnpm is a package manager. Versions 6.25.0 through 10.26.2 have a Command Injection vulnerability when using environment variable substitution in .npmrc configuration files with tokenHelper settings. An attacker who can control environment variables during pn…
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High 7.2CVE-2025-15472 EPSS 22%
TRENDnet TEW-811DRU httpd uapply.cgi setDeviceURL os command injection
A flaw has been found in TRENDnet TEW-811DRU 1.0.2.0. This affects the function setDeviceURL of the file uapply.cgi of the component httpd . This manipulation of the argument DeviceURL causes os command injection. The attack can be initiated remotely. The ex…
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High 8.8
Cayin Signage Media Player 3.0 Authenticated Remote Command Injection via NTP Parameter
Cayin Signage Media Player 3.0 contains an authenticated remote command injection vulnerability in system.cgi and wizard_system.cgi pages. Attackers can exploit the 'NTP_Server_IP' parameter with default credentials to execute arbitrary shell commands as root.
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High 7.2CVE-2025-5965 EPSS 28%
RCE via the backup feature available only to user with high privilege
In the backup parameters, a user with high privilege is able to concatenate custom instructions to the backup setup. Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command ('OS Command Injection') vulnerability in Centreon Infra Monitoring (Backup …
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High 8.7
Nuvation Energy Multi-Stack Controller OS Command Injection
Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command ('OS Command Injection') vulnerability in Nuvation Energy Multi-Stack Controller (MSC) allows OS Command Injection.This issue affects Multi-Stack Controller (MSC): before 2.5.1.
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High 8.6
RAGFlow Remote Code Execution Vulnerability
RAGFlow is an open-source RAG (Retrieval-Augmented Generation) engine. In versions prior to 0.23.0, a low-privileged authenticated user (normal login account) can execute arbitrary system commands on the server host process via the frontend Canvas CodeExec co…
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High 8.7
Gargoyle 1.5.x Authenticated OS Command Execution via run_commands.sh
Gargoyle router management utility versions 1.5.x contain an authenticated OS command execution vulnerability in /utility/run_commands.sh. The application fails to properly restrict or validate input supplied via the 'commands' parameter, allowing an authenti…
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High 8.8
meterN 1.2.3 Authenticated Remote Code Execution via Admin Scripts
meterN 1.2.3 contains an authenticated remote code execution vulnerability in admin_meter2.php and admin_indicator2.php scripts. Attackers can exploit the 'COMMANDx' and 'LIVECOMMANDx' POST parameters to execute arbitrary system commands with administrative p…
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High 8.8
Cypress Solutions CTM-200 2.7.1 Root Remote OS Command Injection via Firmware Upgrade
Cypress Solutions CTM-200 2.7.1 contains an authenticated command injection vulnerability in the firmware upgrade script that allows remote attackers to execute shell commands. Attackers can exploit the 'fw_url' parameter in the ctm-config-upgrade.sh script t…
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High 8.8
QNO Technology｜VPN Firewall - OS Command Injection
VPN Firewall developed by QNO Technology has an OS Command Injection vulnerability, allowing authenticated remote attackers to inject arbitrary OS commands and execute them on the server.
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High 8.8
QNO Technology｜VPN Firewall - OS Command Injection
VPN Firewall developed by QNO Technology has an OS Command Injection vulnerability, allowing authenticated remote attackers to inject arbitrary OS commands and execute them on the server.
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High 7.8
SOUND4 IMPACT/FIRST/PULSE/Eco <=2.x Conditional Command Injection via traceroute.php
SOUND4 IMPACT/FIRST/PULSE/Eco <=2.x contains a conditional command injection vulnerability that allows local authenticated users to create malicious files in the /tmp directory. Unauthenticated attackers can execute commands by making a single HTTP POST reque…
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High 8.8
SOUND4 IMPACT/FIRST/PULSE/Eco <=2.x Authenticated Command Injection via www-data-handler.php
SOUND4 IMPACT/FIRST/PULSE/Eco <=2.x contains an authenticated command injection vulnerability in the www-data-handler.php script that allows attackers to inject system commands through the 'services' POST parameter. Attackers can exploit this vulnerability by…
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High 7.8
SOUND4 IMPACT/FIRST/PULSE/Eco <=2.x Conditional Command Injection via ping.php
SOUND4 IMPACT/FIRST/PULSE/Eco <=2.x contains a conditional command injection vulnerability that allows local authenticated users to create malicious files in the /tmp directory. Unauthenticated attackers can execute commands by making a single HTTP POST reque…
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High 7.8
SOUND4 IMPACT/FIRST/PULSE/Eco <=2.x Conditional Command Injection via dns.php
SOUND4 IMPACT/FIRST/PULSE/Eco <=2.x contains a command injection vulnerability that allows local authenticated users to create malicious files in the /tmp directory with .dns.pid extension. Unauthenticated attackers can execute the malicious commands by makin…
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High 7.4
OpenOps before 0.6.11 allows remote code execution in the Terraform block.
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High 8.8
FaceSentry 6.4.8 Authenticated Remote Command Injection via Ping Test
FaceSentry 6.4.8 contains an authenticated remote command injection vulnerability in pingTest.php and tcpPortTest.php scripts. Attackers can exploit unsanitized input parameters to inject and execute arbitrary shell commands with root privileges by manipulati…
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High 8.8
Microhard Systems IPn4G 1.1.0 Backdoor Jailbreak via Microhard Sh Service
Microhard Systems IPn4G 1.1.0 contains a service vulnerability that allows authenticated users to enable a restricted SSH shell with a default 'msshc' user. Attackers can exploit a custom 'ping' command in the NcFTP environment to escape the restricted shell …
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High 8.7
iSTAR Ultra, Ultra SE, Ultra G2, Ultra G2 SE, iSTAR Edge G2 - Authenticated web application command injection - get8021xSettings
Under certain circumstances a successful exploitation could result in access to the device.
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High 8.7
iSTAR Ultra, Ultra SE, Ultra G2, Ultra G2 SE, iSTAR Edge G2 - Authenticated web application command injection - getOptionsInfo
Under certain circumstances a successful exploitation could result in access to the device.
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High 7.2
DreamFactory saveZipFile Command Injection Remote Code Execution Vulnerability
DreamFactory saveZipFile Command Injection Remote Code Execution Vulnerability. This vulnerability allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code on affected installations of DreamFactory. Authentication is required to exploit this vulnerability. The speci…
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High 7.2
PhotoShow 3.0 Remote Code Execution via Exiftran Path Injection
PhotoShow 3.0 contains a remote code execution vulnerability that allows authenticated administrators to inject malicious commands through the exiftran path configuration. Attackers can exploit the ffmpeg configuration settings by base64 encoding a reverse sh…
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High 8.8
BrainyCP 1.0 Remote Code Execution via Authenticated Crontab Manipulation
BrainyCP 1.0 contains an authenticated remote code execution vulnerability that allows logged-in users to inject arbitrary commands through the crontab configuration interface. Attackers can exploit the crontab endpoint by adding a malicious command that spaw…
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High 8.2
Malicious Code Execution Vulnerability in the Software Keyboard Function of GENESIS64, ICONICS Suite, Mobile HMI, and MC Works64
Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command ('OS Command Injection') vulnerability in the software keyboard function (hereinafter referred to as "keypad function") of Mitsubishi Electric GENESIS64 versions 10.97.2 CFR3 and prior, Mitsubi…