Weakness (CWE)
CWE-78: OS Command Injection
The product constructs all or part of an OS command using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify the intended OS command before it is sent to a downstream component.
How to prevent it (8 mitigations)
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Architecture and Design
If at all possible, use library calls rather than external processes to recreate the desired functionality.
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Architecture and Design, Operation
Run the code in a "jail" or similar sandbox environment that enforces strict boundaries between the process and the operating system. This may effectively restrict which files can be accessed in a particular directory or which commands can be executed by the software.
OS-level examples include the Unix chroot jail, AppArmor, and SELinux. In general, managed code may provide some protection. For example, java.io.FilePermission in the Java SecurityManager allows the software to specify restrictions on file operations.
This may not be a feasible solution, and it only limits the impact to the operating system; the rest of the application may still be subject to compromise.
Be careful to avoid CWE-243 and other weaknesses related to jails.
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Architecture and Design
For any data that will be used to generate a command to be executed, keep as much of that data out of external control as possible. For example, in web applications, this may require storing the data locally in the session's state instead of sending it out to the client in a hidden form field.
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Architecture and Design
For any security checks that are performed on the client side, ensure that these checks are duplicated on the server side, in order to avoid CWE-602. Attackers can bypass the client-side checks by modifying values after the checks have been performed, or by changing the client to remove the client-side checks entirely. Then, these modified values would be submitted to the server.
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Architecture and Design
Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
For example, consider using the ESAPI Encoding control [REF-45] or a similar tool, library, or framework. These will help the programmer encode outputs in a manner less prone to error.
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Implementation
While it is risky to use dynamically-generated query strings, code, or commands that mix control and data together, sometimes it may be unavoidable. Properly quote arguments and escape any special characters within those arguments. The most conservative approach is to escape or filter all characters that do not pass an extremely strict allowlist (such as everything that is not alphanumeric or white space). If some special characters are still needed, such as white space, wrap each argument in quotes after the escaping/filtering step. Be careful of argument injection (CWE-88).
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Implementation
If the program to be executed allows arguments to be specified within an input file or from standard input, then consider using that mode to pass arguments instead of the command line.
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Architecture and Design
If available, use structured mechanisms that automatically enforce the separation between data and code. These mechanisms may be able to provide the relevant quoting, encoding, and validation automatically, instead of relying on the developer to provide this capability at every point where output is generated.
Some languages offer multiple functions that can be used to invoke commands. Where possible, identify any function that invokes a command shell using a single string, and replace it with a function that requires individual arguments. These functions typically perform appropriate quoting and filtering of arguments. For example, in C, the system() function accepts a string that contains the entire command to be executed, whereas execl(), execve(), and others require an array of strings, one for each argument. In Windows, CreateProcess() only accepts one command at a time. In Perl, if system() is provided with an array of arguments, then it will quote each of the arguments.
Source: MITRE CWE-78
2,705 results · Clear filters · Feed
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High 8.8
Wifi-soft UniBox Controller logout.php os command injection
A vulnerability classified as critical was found in Wifi-soft UniBox Controller up to 20250506. Affected by this vulnerability is an unknown functionality of the file /authentication/logout.php. The manipulation of the argument mac_address leads to os command…
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High 7.2
Some Hikvision Wireless Access Point are vulnerable to authenticated remote command execution due to insufficient input…
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High 8.4
PAN-OS: Authenticated Admin Command Injection Vulnerability Through CLI
A command injection vulnerability in Palo Alto Networks PAN-OS® software enables an authenticated administrator to bypass system restrictions and run arbitrary commands as a root user. To be able to exploit this issue, the user must have access to the PAN-OS …
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High 7.0
A improper neutralization of special elements used in an os command ('os command injection') vulnerability in Fortinet …
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High 7.2
Authenticated RCE in update functionality in Guardian/CMC before 24.6.0
An OS command injection vulnerability within the update functionality may allow an authenticated administrator to execute unauthorized arbitrary OS commands. Users with administrative privileges may upload update packages to upgrade the versions of Nozomi Net…
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High 7.3
Zend.To NSSDropoff.php exec os command injection
A vulnerability, which was classified as critical, has been found in Zend.To up to 6.10-6 Beta. This issue affects the function exec of the file NSSDropoff.php. The manipulation of the argument file_1 leads to os command injection. The attack may be initiated…
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High 8.6
HaxCMS-PHP Command Injection Vulnerability
HAX CMS PHP allows users to manage their microsite universe with a PHP backend. Prior to version 11.0.3, the `gitImportSite` functionality obtains a URL string from a POST request and insufficiently validates user input. The `set_remote` function later passes…
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High 8.7
QTS, QuTS hero
A command injection vulnerability has been reported to affect several QNAP operating system versions. If exploited, the vulnerability could allow remote attackers who have gained user access to execute arbitrary commands. We have already fixed the vulnerabili…
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High 8.8
File::Find::Rule through 0.34 for Perl is vulnerable to Arbitrary Code Execution when `grep()` encounters a crafted file name
File::Find::Rule through 0.34 for Perl is vulnerable to Arbitrary Code Execution when `grep()` encounters a crafted filename. A file handle is opened with the 2 argument form of `open()` allowing an attacker controlled filename to provide the MODE parameter t…
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High 7.3
D-Link DIR-816 qosClassifier os command injection
A vulnerability has been found in D-Link DIR-816 1.10CNB05 and classified as critical. Affected by this vulnerability is the function qosClassifier of the file /goform/qosClassifier. The manipulation of the argument dip_address/sip_address leads to os command…
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High 7.3
D-Link DIR-816 setipsec_config os command injection
A vulnerability, which was classified as critical, was found in D-Link DIR-816 1.10CNB05. Affected is the function setipsec_config of the file /goform/setipsec_config. The manipulation of the argument localIP/remoteIP leads to os command injection. It is poss…
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High 7.8
Command Injection in LLama-Index CLI in run-llama/llama_index
LLama-Index CLI version v0.12.20 contains an OS command injection vulnerability. The vulnerability arises from the improper handling of the `--files` argument, which is directly passed into `os.system`. An attacker who controls the content of this argument ca…
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High 7.3
Fujian Kelixun Filename fax_view.php os command injection
A vulnerability was found in Fujian Kelixun 1.0. It has been classified as critical. This affects an unknown part of the file /app/fax/fax_view.php of the component Filename Handler. The manipulation of the argument fax_file leads to os command injection. It …
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High 8.7
On MOBOTIX P3 cameras before MX-V4.7.2.18 and Mx6 cameras before MX-V5.2.0.61, the tcpdump feature does not properly va…
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High 8.8
eCharge Hardy Barth cPH2 index.php Command Injection Remote Code Execution Vulnerability
eCharge Hardy Barth cPH2 index.php Command Injection Remote Code Execution Vulnerability. This vulnerability allows network-adjacent attackers to execute arbitrary code on affected installations of eCharge Hardy Barth cPH2 charging stations. Authentication is…
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High 8.8
eCharge Hardy Barth cPH2 nwcheckexec.php dest Command Injection Remote Code Execution Vulnerability
eCharge Hardy Barth cPH2 nwcheckexec.php dest Command Injection Remote Code Execution Vulnerability. This vulnerability allows network-adjacent attackers to execute arbitrary code on affected installations of eCharge Hardy Barth cPH2 charging stations. Authen…
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High 8.8
eCharge Hardy Barth cPH2 check_req.php ntp Command Injection Remote Code Execution Vulnerability
eCharge Hardy Barth cPH2 check_req.php ntp Command Injection Remote Code Execution Vulnerability. This vulnerability allows network-adjacent attackers to execute arbitrary code on affected installations of eCharge Hardy Barth cPH2 charging stations. Authentic…
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High 8.8
VMware vCenter Server authenticated command-execution vulnerability
The vCenter Server contains an authenticated command-execution vulnerability. A malicious actor with privileges to create or modify alarms and run script action may exploit this issue to run arbitrary commands on the vCenter Server.
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High 8.9
motionEye vulnerable to RCE in add_camera Function Due to unsafe command execution
motionEye is an online interface for the software motion, a video surveillance program with motion detection. In versions 0.43.1b1 through 0.43.1b3, using a constructed (camera) device path with the `add`/`add_camera` motionEye web API allows an attacker with…
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High 8.6
iTop server vulnerable to portal code injection
iTop is an web based IT Service Management tool. Prior to versions 2.7.12, 3.1.3, and 3.2.1, server code execution is possible through the frontend of iTop's portal. This is fixed in versions 2.7.12, 3.1.3 and 3.2.1.
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High 7.8
A vulnerability has been identified in SCALANCE LPE9403 (6GK5998-3GS00-2AC2) (All versions < V2.1 HF0 with SINEMA Remot…
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High 8.8
A vulnerability in the web-based management interface of the Wireless LAN Controller feature of Cisco IOS XE Software c…
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High 7.1CVE-2025-32821 EPSS 23%
A vulnerability in SMA100 allows a remote authenticated attacker with SSLVPN admin privileges can with admin privileges…
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High 7.4
OPA server Data API HTTP path injection of Rego
Open Policy Agent (OPA) is an open source, general-purpose policy engine. Prior to version 1.4.0, when run as a server, OPA exposes an HTTP Data API for reading and writing documents. Requesting a virtual document through the Data API entails policy evaluatio…
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High 7.8
Tesla Model S Iris Modem ql_atfwd Command Injection Code Execution Vulnerability
Tesla Model S Iris Modem ql_atfwd Command Injection Code Execution Vulnerability. This vulnerability allows local attackers to execute arbitrary code on affected Tesla Model S vehicles. An attacker must first obtain the ability to execute code on the target s…
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High 8.8
A vulnerability in the “Remote Logging” functionality of the web application of ctrlX OS allows a remote authenticated …
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High 7.2
BEC Technologies Multiple Routers sys ping Command Injection Remote Code Execution Vulnerability
BEC Technologies Multiple Routers sys ping Command Injection Remote Code Execution Vulnerability. This vulnerability allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code on affected installations of BEC Technologies Multiple Routers. Although authentication is r…
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High 7.3
SourceCodester Web-based Pharmacy Product Management System Database Backup backup.php os command injection
A vulnerability, which was classified as critical, has been found in SourceCodester Web-based Pharmacy Product Management System 1.0. This issue affects some unknown processing of the file backup.php of the component Database Backup Handler. The manipulation …
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High 7.3
Whoogle allows attackers to execute arbitrary code via supplying a crafted search query
An issue in the component /models/config.py of Whoogle search v0.9.0 allows attackers to execute arbitrary code via supplying a crafted search query.
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High 8.0
OS command injection vulnerability exists in Deco BE65 Pro firmware versions prior to "Deco BE65 Pro(JP)_V1_1.1.2 Build…
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High 7.1
PAN-OS: Authenticated Admin Command Injection Vulnerability in PAN-OS VM-Series
A command injection vulnerability in Palo Alto Networks PAN-OS® software enables an authenticated administrator to bypass system restrictions and run arbitrary commands as a root user. This issue is only applicable to PAN-OS VM-Series. This issue does not aff…
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High 8.8
OS command injection vulnerability in the WEB UI (the setting page) exists in Wi-Fi AP UNIT 'AC-WPS-11ac series'. If ex…
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High 8.2
ColdFusion | Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command ('OS Command Injection') (CWE-78)
ColdFusion versions 2023.12, 2021.18, 2025.0 and earlier are affected by an Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command ('OS Command Injection') vulnerability that could lead in arbitrary code execution by an attacker. A low privileged a…
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High 8.4
ColdFusion | Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command ('OS Command Injection') (CWE-78)
ColdFusion versions 2023.12, 2021.18, 2025.0 and earlier are affected by an Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command ('OS Command Injection') vulnerability that could lead in arbitrary code execution by an attacker. A high-privileged …
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High 7.0
An improper neutralization of special elements used in an OS command ('OS Command Injection') vulnerability [CWE-78] in…
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High 7.4
jupyterlab-git has a command injection vulnerability in "Open Git Repository in Terminal"
jupyterlab-git is a JupyterLab extension for version control using Git. On many platforms, a third party can create a Git repository under a name that includes a shell command substitution string in the syntax $(<command>). These directory names are allowed i…
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High 8.6
Commend Injection Leading to Privilege Escalation
This vulnerability involves command injection in tcpdump within Moxa products, enabling an authenticated attacker with console access to exploit improper input validation to inject and execute systems commands. Successful exploitation could result in privileg…
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High 7.5
AI (Artificial Intelligence) - Critical - Remote Code Execution - SA-CONTRIB-2025-021
Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command ('OS Command Injection') vulnerability in Drupal AI (Artificial Intelligence) allows OS Command Injection.This issue affects AI (Artificial Intelligence): from 0.0.0 before 1.0.5.
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High 8.8CVE-2025-30004 Public exploit
Xorcom CompletePBX <= 5.2.35 Task Scheduler Authenticated Command Injection
Xorcom CompletePBX is vulnerable to command injection in the administrator Task Scheduler functionality, allowing for attackers to execute arbitrary commands as the root user. This issue affects CompletePBX: all versions up to and prior to 5.2.35
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High 7.3CVE-2025-3002 EPSS 20%
Digital China DCME-520 mon_merge_stat_hist.php os command injection
A vulnerability, which was classified as critical, has been found in Digital China DCME-520 up to 20250320. This issue affects some unknown processing of the file /usr/local/WWW/function/audit/newstatistics/mon_merge_stat_hist.php. The manipulation of the arg…