Weakness (CWE)
CWE-78: OS Command Injection
The product constructs all or part of an OS command using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify the intended OS command before it is sent to a downstream component.
How to prevent it (8 mitigations)
-
Architecture and Design
If at all possible, use library calls rather than external processes to recreate the desired functionality.
-
Architecture and Design, Operation
Run the code in a "jail" or similar sandbox environment that enforces strict boundaries between the process and the operating system. This may effectively restrict which files can be accessed in a particular directory or which commands can be executed by the software.
OS-level examples include the Unix chroot jail, AppArmor, and SELinux. In general, managed code may provide some protection. For example, java.io.FilePermission in the Java SecurityManager allows the software to specify restrictions on file operations.
This may not be a feasible solution, and it only limits the impact to the operating system; the rest of the application may still be subject to compromise.
Be careful to avoid CWE-243 and other weaknesses related to jails.
-
Architecture and Design
For any data that will be used to generate a command to be executed, keep as much of that data out of external control as possible. For example, in web applications, this may require storing the data locally in the session's state instead of sending it out to the client in a hidden form field.
-
Architecture and Design
For any security checks that are performed on the client side, ensure that these checks are duplicated on the server side, in order to avoid CWE-602. Attackers can bypass the client-side checks by modifying values after the checks have been performed, or by changing the client to remove the client-side checks entirely. Then, these modified values would be submitted to the server.
-
Architecture and Design
Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
For example, consider using the ESAPI Encoding control [REF-45] or a similar tool, library, or framework. These will help the programmer encode outputs in a manner less prone to error.
-
Implementation
While it is risky to use dynamically-generated query strings, code, or commands that mix control and data together, sometimes it may be unavoidable. Properly quote arguments and escape any special characters within those arguments. The most conservative approach is to escape or filter all characters that do not pass an extremely strict allowlist (such as everything that is not alphanumeric or white space). If some special characters are still needed, such as white space, wrap each argument in quotes after the escaping/filtering step. Be careful of argument injection (CWE-88).
-
Implementation
If the program to be executed allows arguments to be specified within an input file or from standard input, then consider using that mode to pass arguments instead of the command line.
-
Architecture and Design
If available, use structured mechanisms that automatically enforce the separation between data and code. These mechanisms may be able to provide the relevant quoting, encoding, and validation automatically, instead of relying on the developer to provide this capability at every point where output is generated.
Some languages offer multiple functions that can be used to invoke commands. Where possible, identify any function that invokes a command shell using a single string, and replace it with a function that requires individual arguments. These functions typically perform appropriate quoting and filtering of arguments. For example, in C, the system() function accepts a string that contains the entire command to be executed, whereas execl(), execve(), and others require an array of strings, one for each argument. In Windows, CreateProcess() only accepts one command at a time. In Perl, if system() is provided with an array of arguments, then it will quote each of the arguments.
Source: MITRE CWE-78
2,705 results · Clear filters · Feed
-
High 7.2
An OS command injection vulnerability exists in the admin.cgi MVPN_trial_init functionality of peplink Surf SOHO HW1 v6…
-
High 7.2
An OS command injection vulnerability exists in the admin.cgi USSD_send functionality of peplink Surf SOHO HW1 v6.3.5 (…
-
High 7.2
An OS command injection vulnerability exists in the api.cgi cmd.mvpn.x509.write functionality of peplink Surf SOHO HW1 …
-
High 7.2
An OS command injection vulnerability exists in the api.cgi cmd.mvpn.x509.write functionality of peplink Surf SOHO HW1 …
-
High 7.4
An improper neutralization of special elements used in an OS Command ('OS Command Injection') vulnerability [CWE-78 ] i…
-
High 8.6
A improper neutralization of special elements used in an os command ('os command injection') in Fortinet FortiWLM versi…
-
High 8.6
A improper neutralization of special elements used in an os command ('os command injection') in Fortinet FortiWLM versi…
-
High 8.6
A improper neutralization of special elements used in an os command ('os command injection') in Fortinet FortiWLM versi…
-
High 8.6
A improper neutralization of special elements used in an os command ('os command injection') in Fortinet FortiWLM versi…
-
High 8.6
A improper neutralization of special elements used in an os command ('os command injection') in Fortinet FortiWLM versi…
-
High 8.6
A improper neutralization of special elements used in an os command ('os command injection') in Fortinet FortiWLM versi…
-
High 7.6
An improper neutralization of special elements used in an os command ('OS Command Injection') vulnerability [CWE-78] in…
-
High 8.3
geokit-rails Command Injection vulnerability
Versions of the package geokit-rails before 2.5.0 are vulnerable to Command Injection due to unsafe deserialisation of YAML within the 'geo_location' cookie. This issue can be exploited remotely via a malicious cookie value. **Note:** An attacker can use this…
-
High 7.8
Dell SmartFabric Storage Software v1.4 (and earlier) contain(s) an OS Command Injection Vulnerability in the CLI. An au…
-
High 7.8
Dell SmartFabric Storage Software v1.4 (and earlier) contains an OS Command Injection Vulnerability in the restricted s…
-
High 7.4
pydash Command Injection vulnerability
This affects versions of the package pydash before 6.0.0. A number of pydash methods such as pydash.objects.invoke() and pydash.collections.invoke_map() accept dotted paths (Deep Path Strings) to target a nested Python object, relative to the original source …
-
High 8.8
A vulnerability in the web UI of Cisco IOS XE Software could allow an authenticated, remote attacker to perform an inje…
-
High 8.4
yt-dlp command injection when using `%q` in `--exec` on Windows
yt-dlp is a youtube-dl fork with additional features and fixes. yt-dlp allows the user to provide shell command lines to be executed at various stages in its download steps through the `--exec` flag. This flag allows output template expansion in its argument,…
-
High 8.0
Os command injection via ct_command and fcct_command
A command injection flaw was found in foreman. This flaw allows an authenticated user with admin privileges on the foreman instance to transpile commands through CoreOS and Fedora CoreOS configurations in templates, possibly resulting in arbitrary command exe…
-
High 8.8
QTS, QuTS hero, QuTScloud
An OS command injection vulnerability has been reported to affect QNAP operating systems. If exploited, the vulnerability allows remote authenticated users to execute commands via susceptible QNAP devices. We have already fixed the vulnerability in the follow…
-
High 7.2CVE-2023-38886 EPSS 30%
Dolibarr allows a remote privileged attacker to execute arbitrary code via a crafted command/script
An issue in Dolibarr ERP CRM v.17.0.1 and before allows a remote privileged attacker to execute arbitrary code via a crafted command/script.
-
High 7.2
SUNNET WMPro - Command Injection
SUNNET WMPro portal's file management function has a vulnerability of insufficient filtering for user input. A remote attacker with administrator privilege or a privileged account can exploit this vulnerability to inject and execute arbitrary system commands …
-
High 7.4
An improper neutralization of special elements used in an OS command vulnerability [CWE-78] in the management interface…
-
High 8.8
On ASUS RT-AX55 3.0.0.4.386.51598 devices, authenticated attackers can perform OS command injection via the /start_appl…
KEV Jun 2, 2025 -
High 8.8
ASUS RT-AC86U - Command injection vulnerability - 5
ASUS RT-AC86U Traffic Analyzer - Apps analysis function has insufficient filtering of special character. A remote attacker with regular user privilege can exploit this vulnerability to perform command injection attack to execute arbitrary commands, disrupt sy…
-
High 8.8
ASUS RT-AC86U - Command injection vulnerability - 4
ASUS RT-AC86U Traffic Analyzer - Statistic function has insufficient filtering of special character. A remote attacker with regular user privilege can exploit this vulnerability to perform command injection attack to execute arbitrary commands, disrupt system…
-
High 8.8
ASUS RT-AC86U - Command injection vulnerability - 3
ASUS RT-AC86U unused Traffic Analyzer legacy Statistic function has insufficient filtering of special character. A remote attacker with regular user privilege can exploit this vulnerability to perform command injection attack to execute arbitrary commands, di…
-
High 8.8
ASUS RT-AC86U - Command injection vulnerability - 2
ASUS RT-AC86U AiProtection security- related function has insufficient filtering of special character. A remote attacker with regular user privilege can exploit this vulnerability to perform command injection attack to execute arbitrary commands, disrupt syst…
-
High 8.8
ASUS RT-AC86U - Command injection vulnerability - 1
ASUS RT-AC86U Adaptive QoS - Web History function has insufficient filtering of special character. A remote attacker with regular user privilege can exploit this vulnerability to perform command injection attack to execute arbitrary commands, disrupt system o…
-
High 8.0
Multiple TP-LINK products allow a network-adjacent authenticated attacker to execute arbitrary OS commands. Affected pr…
-
High 8.0
Archer C3150 firmware versions prior to 'Archer C3150(JP)_V2_230511' allows a network-adjacent authenticated attacker t…
-
High 8.0
Multiple TP-LINK products allow a network-adjacent authenticated attacker to execute arbitrary OS commands. Affected pr…
-
High 7.2
Authenticated command injection in SNMP options of a Device
Cacti is an open source operational monitoring and fault management framework. In Cacti 1.2.24, under certain conditions, an authenticated privileged user, can use a malicious string in the SNMP options of a Device, performing command injection and obtaining …
-
High 8.8
OS Command Injection vulnerability affecting SIMULIA 3DOrchestrate from Release 3DEXPERIENCE R2021x through Release 3DEXPERIENCE R2023x
An OS Command Injection vulnerability exists in SIMULIA 3DOrchestrate from Release 3DEXPERIENCE R2021x through Release 3DEXPERIENCE R2023x. A specially crafted HTTP request can lead to arbitrary command execution.
-
High 7.2
IBM Security Guardium command execution
IBM Security Guardium 11.4 could allow a remote authenticated attacker to execute arbitrary commands on the system by sending a specially crafted request. IBM X-Force ID: 240901.
-
High 8.8
OS command injection vulnerability in ELECOM wireless LAN access point devices allows an authenticated user to execute …
-
High 7.2
Second Order Command-injection Vulnerability in the Certificate-generation Function
TN-5900 Series firmware versions v3.3 and prior are vulnerable to the command-injection vulnerability. This vulnerability stems from insufficient input validation and improper authentication in the certification-generation function, which could potentially al…
-
High 7.2
Second Order Command-injection Vulnerability in the Certificate-generation Function
TN-4900 Series firmware versions v1.2.4 and prior and TN-5900 Series firmware versions v3.3 and prior are vulnerable to the command-injection vulnerability. This vulnerability stems from insufficient input validation in the certificate-generation function, wh…
-
High 8.8
Second Order Command-injection Vulnerability in the Key-generation Function
TN-5900 Series firmware versions v3.3 and prior are vulnerable to command-injection vulnerability. This vulnerability stems from insufficient input validation and improper authentication in the key-generation function, which could potentially allow malicious …
-
High 8.8
Second Order Command-injection Vulnerability in the Key-generation Function
TN-4900 Series firmware versions v1.2.4 and prior and TN-5900 Series firmware versions v3.3 and prior are vulnerable to the command injection vulnerability. This vulnerability stems from insufficient input validation in the key-generation function, which coul…