Weakness (CWE)
CWE-78: OS Command Injection
The product constructs all or part of an OS command using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify the intended OS command before it is sent to a downstream component.
How to prevent it (8 mitigations)
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Architecture and Design
If at all possible, use library calls rather than external processes to recreate the desired functionality.
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Architecture and Design, Operation
Run the code in a "jail" or similar sandbox environment that enforces strict boundaries between the process and the operating system. This may effectively restrict which files can be accessed in a particular directory or which commands can be executed by the software.
OS-level examples include the Unix chroot jail, AppArmor, and SELinux. In general, managed code may provide some protection. For example, java.io.FilePermission in the Java SecurityManager allows the software to specify restrictions on file operations.
This may not be a feasible solution, and it only limits the impact to the operating system; the rest of the application may still be subject to compromise.
Be careful to avoid CWE-243 and other weaknesses related to jails.
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Architecture and Design
For any data that will be used to generate a command to be executed, keep as much of that data out of external control as possible. For example, in web applications, this may require storing the data locally in the session's state instead of sending it out to the client in a hidden form field.
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Architecture and Design
For any security checks that are performed on the client side, ensure that these checks are duplicated on the server side, in order to avoid CWE-602. Attackers can bypass the client-side checks by modifying values after the checks have been performed, or by changing the client to remove the client-side checks entirely. Then, these modified values would be submitted to the server.
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Architecture and Design
Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
For example, consider using the ESAPI Encoding control [REF-45] or a similar tool, library, or framework. These will help the programmer encode outputs in a manner less prone to error.
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Implementation
While it is risky to use dynamically-generated query strings, code, or commands that mix control and data together, sometimes it may be unavoidable. Properly quote arguments and escape any special characters within those arguments. The most conservative approach is to escape or filter all characters that do not pass an extremely strict allowlist (such as everything that is not alphanumeric or white space). If some special characters are still needed, such as white space, wrap each argument in quotes after the escaping/filtering step. Be careful of argument injection (CWE-88).
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Implementation
If the program to be executed allows arguments to be specified within an input file or from standard input, then consider using that mode to pass arguments instead of the command line.
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Architecture and Design
If available, use structured mechanisms that automatically enforce the separation between data and code. These mechanisms may be able to provide the relevant quoting, encoding, and validation automatically, instead of relying on the developer to provide this capability at every point where output is generated.
Some languages offer multiple functions that can be used to invoke commands. Where possible, identify any function that invokes a command shell using a single string, and replace it with a function that requires individual arguments. These functions typically perform appropriate quoting and filtering of arguments. For example, in C, the system() function accepts a string that contains the entire command to be executed, whereas execl(), execve(), and others require an array of strings, one for each argument. In Windows, CreateProcess() only accepts one command at a time. In Perl, if system() is provided with an array of arguments, then it will quote each of the arguments.
Source: MITRE CWE-78
931 results · Clear filters · Feed
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Medium 6.5
A vulnerability in the web-based management interface of Cisco IOS XE Software could allow an authenticated, low-privil…
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Medium 5.5
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Medium 5.0
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Medium 6.3
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Medium 6.0
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Medium 6.5
An improper neutralization of special elements used in an OS command ('OS Command Injection') vulnerability [CWE-78] in…
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Medium 6.6
AI (Artificial Intelligence) - Moderately critical - Gadget Chain - SA-CONTRIB-2025-022
Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command ('OS Command Injection') vulnerability in Drupal AI (Artificial Intelligence) allows OS Command Injection.This issue affects AI (Artificial Intelligence): from 0.0.0 before 1.0.5.
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Medium 5.5
Legrand SMS PowerView os command injection
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Medium 6.3
mannaandpoem OpenManus Prompt python_execute.py os command injection
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Medium 4.7
D-Link DIR-823X HTTP POST Request diag_nslookup sub_41710C os command injection
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Medium 6.3
AMTT Hotel Broadband Operation System port_setup.php popen os command injection
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Medium 6.3
Path Traversal and OS Command Injection in parisneo/lollms-webui
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Medium 6.3
Oiwtech OIW-2431APGN-HP Personal Script Submenu formScript os command injection
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Medium 6.5
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Medium 6.5CVE-2024-54018 EPSS 10%
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Medium 6.3
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Medium 6.3
TOTOLINK EX1800T cstecgi.cgi setDmzCfg os command injection
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Medium 5.1
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Medium 5.1
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Medium 6.5
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Medium 6.3CVE-2025-1829 EPSS 12%
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Medium 6.3
Tenda AC7 1200M telnet TendaTelnet os command injection
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Medium 5.1
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Medium 6.3
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Medium 4.7
FiberHome AN5506-01A ONU GPON Diagnosis os command injection
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Medium 6.3CVE-2025-1610 EPSS 13%
LB-LINK AC1900 Router set_blacklist websGetVar os command injection
A vulnerability was found in LB-LINK AC1900 Router 1.0.2 and classified as critical. Affected by this issue is the function websGetVar of the file /goform/set_blacklist. The manipulation of the argument mac/enable leads to os command injection. The attack may…
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Medium 6.3CVE-2025-1609 EPSS 10%
LB-LINK AC1900 Router set_cmd websGetVar os command injection
A vulnerability has been found in LB-LINK AC1900 Router 1.0.2 and classified as critical. Affected by this vulnerability is the function websGetVar of the file /goform/set_cmd. The manipulation of the argument cmd leads to os command injection. The attack can…
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Medium 6.3CVE-2025-1608 EPSS 10%
LB-LINK AC1900 Router set_manpwd websGetVar os command injection
A vulnerability, which was classified as critical, was found in LB-LINK AC1900 Router 1.0.2. Affected is the function websGetVar of the file /goform/set_manpwd. The manipulation of the argument routepwd leads to os command injection. It is possible to launch…
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Medium 5.3
MicroWorld eScan Antivirus Autoscan USB epsdaemon sprintf os command injection
A vulnerability, which was classified as critical, has been found in MicroWorld eScan Antivirus 7.0.32 on Linux. Affected by this issue is the function sprintf of the file epsdaemon of the component Autoscan USB. The manipulation leads to os command injection…
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Medium 4.5
MicroWord eScan Antivirus USB Password os command injection
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Medium 6.3
TOTOLINK X18 cstecgi.cgi setL2tpdConfig os command injection
A vulnerability was found in TOTOLINK X18 9.1.0cu.2024_B20220329. It has been rated as critical. This issue affects the function setL2tpdConfig of the file /cgi-bin/cstecgi.cgi. The manipulation of the argument enable leads to os command injection. The attack…
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Medium 6.3
olajowon Loggrove page os command injection
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