Weakness (CWE)
CWE-78: OS Command Injection
The product constructs all or part of an OS command using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify the intended OS command before it is sent to a downstream component.
How to prevent it (8 mitigations)
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Architecture and Design
If at all possible, use library calls rather than external processes to recreate the desired functionality.
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Architecture and Design, Operation
Run the code in a "jail" or similar sandbox environment that enforces strict boundaries between the process and the operating system. This may effectively restrict which files can be accessed in a particular directory or which commands can be executed by the software.
OS-level examples include the Unix chroot jail, AppArmor, and SELinux. In general, managed code may provide some protection. For example, java.io.FilePermission in the Java SecurityManager allows the software to specify restrictions on file operations.
This may not be a feasible solution, and it only limits the impact to the operating system; the rest of the application may still be subject to compromise.
Be careful to avoid CWE-243 and other weaknesses related to jails.
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Architecture and Design
For any data that will be used to generate a command to be executed, keep as much of that data out of external control as possible. For example, in web applications, this may require storing the data locally in the session's state instead of sending it out to the client in a hidden form field.
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Architecture and Design
For any security checks that are performed on the client side, ensure that these checks are duplicated on the server side, in order to avoid CWE-602. Attackers can bypass the client-side checks by modifying values after the checks have been performed, or by changing the client to remove the client-side checks entirely. Then, these modified values would be submitted to the server.
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Architecture and Design
Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
For example, consider using the ESAPI Encoding control [REF-45] or a similar tool, library, or framework. These will help the programmer encode outputs in a manner less prone to error.
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Implementation
While it is risky to use dynamically-generated query strings, code, or commands that mix control and data together, sometimes it may be unavoidable. Properly quote arguments and escape any special characters within those arguments. The most conservative approach is to escape or filter all characters that do not pass an extremely strict allowlist (such as everything that is not alphanumeric or white space). If some special characters are still needed, such as white space, wrap each argument in quotes after the escaping/filtering step. Be careful of argument injection (CWE-88).
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Implementation
If the program to be executed allows arguments to be specified within an input file or from standard input, then consider using that mode to pass arguments instead of the command line.
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Architecture and Design
If available, use structured mechanisms that automatically enforce the separation between data and code. These mechanisms may be able to provide the relevant quoting, encoding, and validation automatically, instead of relying on the developer to provide this capability at every point where output is generated.
Some languages offer multiple functions that can be used to invoke commands. Where possible, identify any function that invokes a command shell using a single string, and replace it with a function that requires individual arguments. These functions typically perform appropriate quoting and filtering of arguments. For example, in C, the system() function accepts a string that contains the entire command to be executed, whereas execl(), execve(), and others require an array of strings, one for each argument. In Windows, CreateProcess() only accepts one command at a time. In Perl, if system() is provided with an array of arguments, then it will quote each of the arguments.
Source: MITRE CWE-78
931 results · Clear filters · Feed
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Medium 6.7
Rubygem-hammer_cli: command injection via insecure editor invocation
A flaw was found in rubygem-hammer_cli. A command injection vulnerability exists in Hammer CLI and the Railties (Ruby on Rails) component distributed with Satellite due to the insecure interpolation of the $EDITOR environment variable into the Ruby system() m…
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Medium 6.3
0xshariq github-mcp-server Git Remove MCP Tool github.ts child_process.exec os command injection
A vulnerability was identified in 0xshariq github-mcp-server up to 52e764a7d66eac1726fce02ca7bb5a638571801a. This issue affects the function child_process.exec of the file src/github.ts of the component Git Remove MCP Tool. Such manipulation of the argument F…
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Medium 6.7
Image Scanner Driver for Linux contains an OS command injection vulnerability. An attacker who can log in to a Linux sy…
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Medium 5.4
RaspAP raspap-webgui OpenVPN Configuration del_ovpncfg.php escapeshellcmd os command injection
A vulnerability has been found in RaspAP raspap-webgui up to 3.5.5. Affected by this vulnerability is the function escapeshellcmd of the file ajax/openvpn/del_ovpncfg.php of the component OpenVPN Configuration Handler. Such manipulation of the argument cfg_id…
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Medium 4.7
RaspAP raspap-webgui SSID Processing WiFiManager.php writeWpaSupplicant os command injection
A flaw has been found in RaspAP raspap-webgui up to 3.5.5. Affected is the function WiFiManager::writeWpaSupplicant of the file src/RaspAP/Networking/Hotspot/WiFiManager.php of the component SSID Processing. This manipulation of the argument ssid causes os co…
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Medium 6.3
mbailey VoiceMode <= 8.10.1 is vulnerable to OS Command Injection. The update_config MCP tool (and the "voicemode confi…
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Medium 6.3
misp-modules: Shell Command Injection in MISP cisco_firesight_manager_ACL_rule_export Module via Unescaped Attribute Values
The cisco_firesight_manager_ACL_rule_export module in misp-modules generates a shell script (.sh) that authenticates to and calls the Cisco fireSIGHT Manager API. The module interpolates configuration values (IP address, login, password, domain ID, policy ID)…
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Medium 6.3
jhen0409 react-native-debugger Open in Editor window.js openDevTools os command injection
A security flaw has been discovered in jhen0409 react-native-debugger up to 0.14.0. The impacted element is the function openDevTools of the file electron/window.js of the component Open in Editor Handler. The manipulation of the argument host results in os c…
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Medium 6.6
Termix: Command injection in SSH key deployment verification
Termix is a web-based server management platform with SSH terminal, tunneling, and file editing capabilities. From 1.7.0 until 2.5.1, the Termix SSH key deployment flow derives a grep pattern from a user-controlled public-key token and interpolates it into do…
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Medium 6.1
MQTT WebSocket Command Execution Vulnerability in NitroSense
An unauthenticated local attacker can connect to the MQTT broker over its localhost WebSocket endpoint in Acer NitroSense software (versions up to and including 5.2.62). This allows the attacker to invoke exposed ddsc RPC functions, including child_process.ex…
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Medium 6.3
Moonshot AI Kimi Code MCP Configuration Loader config-loader.ts os command injection
A security flaw has been discovered in Moonshot AI Kimi Code up to 0.31.0. The affected element is an unknown function of the file agent-core-v2/src/agent/mcp/config-loader.ts of the component MCP Configuration Loader. The manipulation results in os command i…
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Medium 6.7
Notepad++: Shortcuts.xml macro HMAC bypass still reachable via the "Run a Macro Multiple Times" dialog
Notepad++ is a free and open-source source code editor. Prior to 8.9.8, Notepad++ incompletely enforces shortcuts.xml HMAC validation because WM_MACRODLGRUNMACRO, the Run a Macro Multiple Times entry point, calls macroPlayback() without the validation used by…
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Medium 4.7
Nuclei: Arbitrary Command Execution via DAST Code Signature Bypass
Nuclei is a vulnerability scanner built on a simple YAML-based DSL. From 3.0.0 until 3.10.0, the DAST template loading branch does not apply the unsigned code-template signature check before accepting a template that contains both a fuzzing: block and an unsi…
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Medium 6.3
IBM Guardium Data Protection is affected by multiple vulnerabilities.
IBM Guardium Data Protection 12.2 could allow an authenticated user to execute arbitrary commands with low user privileges on the system due to improper validation of user supplied input.
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Medium 5.4
IBM i is Affected By Denial of Service and Security Restriction Bypass Vulnerabilities in FTP [, ]
IBM i 7.6, 7.5, 7.4, and 7.3 could allow a local attacker to cause a denial of service due to improper validation of FTP authentication commands.
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Medium 6.3
spatie Scotty Doctor DoctorCommand.php checkRemoteTools os command injection
A vulnerability was determined in spatie Scotty up to 1.4.4. This impacts the function DoctorCommand::checkSshConnectivity/DoctorCommand::checkRemoteTools of the file app/Commands/DoctorCommand.php of the component Doctor Command Handler. This manipulation of…
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Medium 6.3
Dromara mayfly-go Machine Script Feature machine_script.go RunMachineScript os command injection
A vulnerability was detected in Dromara mayfly-go up to 1.11.5. The impacted element is the function RunMachineScript of the file server/internal/machine/api/machine_script.go of the component Machine Script Feature. The manipulation of the argument params re…
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Medium 5.8
mport package fetch and clean paths are vulnerable to TOCTOU filesystem races
mport is the MidnightBSD Package Manager. Prior to 2.7.8, privileged package fetch and cache-cleaning operations used race-prone path handling across libmport/fetch.c, libmport/clean.c, libmport/util.c, libmport/bundle_read_install_pkg.c, libmport/delete_prim…
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Medium 6.5
Cisco Identity Services Engine IPSec Open API Command Injection Vulnerability
A vulnerability in the IPsec Open API endpoint of Cisco ISE could allow an authenticated, remote attacker to inject arbitrary commands on the underlying operating system. This vulnerability is due to insufficient validation of user-supplied input in IPs…
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Medium 4.7
Cisco ThousandEyes Virtual Appliance Authenticated Web Interface Command Injection Vulnerability
A vulnerability in the web-based management interface of Cisco ThousandEyes Virtual Appliance could allow an authenticated, remote attacker to inject arbitrary operating system commands. This vulnerability is due to improper validation of user-supplied input …
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Medium 6.8
HP Linux Imaging and Printing (HPLIP) Software– Multiple Vulnerabilities
HP has identified and remediated multiple externally reported vulnerabilities within HPLIP. The findings affect several software components that could potentially enable remote code execution, privilege escalation, denial of service, information disclosure, o…
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Medium 6.8
Flowise before 3.1.4 Script Injection via Docker Workflows
Flowise versions before 3.1.4 contain a script injection vulnerability in Docker image build workflows where workflow_dispatch inputs are directly interpolated into shell run blocks. Attackers with repository write access can inject shell metacharacters throu…
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Medium 6.3
IBM i Access Client Solutions (ACS) is Affected By Multiple Vulnerabilities
IBM i Access Family 1.1.2.0 through 1.1.9.15 IBM i Access Client Solutions could allow an authenticated user to execute arbitrary commands with normal user privileges on the system due to improper validation of user supplied input in a STRPCCMD CL command.
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Medium 6.3
IBM i Access Client Solutions (ACS) is Affected By Multiple Vulnerabilities
IBM i Access Family 1.1.2.0 through 1.1.9.15 IBM i Access Client Solutions could allow an authenticated user to execute arbitrary commands with normal user privileges on the system due to improper validation of user supplied input in a malicious emulator macr…
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Medium 6.3
IBM i Access Client Solutions (ACS) is Affected By Multiple Vulnerabilities
IBM i Access Family 1.1.2.0 through 1.1.9.15 could allow an authenticated user to execute arbitrary commands with normal user privileges on the system due to improper validation of user supplied input in a session file.
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Medium 4.7
magicblack MacCMS10 Template .%40template%40default%40html%40label.html os command injection
A security flaw has been discovered in magicblack MacCMS10 2026.1000.4055. Affected by this vulnerability is an unknown functionality of the file /admin1.php/admin/template/index/path/.%40template%40default%40html%40label.html of the component Template Handle…
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Medium 6.6
D-Link DWR-M921 formWsc os command injection
A vulnerability was identified in D-Link DWR-M921 1.1.52. This impacts the function formWsc of the file /boafrm/formWsc. The manipulation of the argument targetAPSsid leads to os command injection. The attack is possible to be carried out remotely. The exploi…
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Medium 6.6
D-Link DWR-M921 Boa Dispatch Table formsysCmd os command injection
A vulnerability was determined in D-Link DWR-M921 1.1.52. This affects the function formsysCmd of the file /boafrm/formsysCmd of the component Boa Dispatch Table. Executing a manipulation of the argument sysCmd can lead to os command injection. The attack can…
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Medium 6.3
ipa-lab HackingBuddyGPT ssh_run_command.py ssh_run_command os command injection
A vulnerability was identified in ipa-lab HackingBuddyGPT up to 0.5.0. This affects the function ssh_run_command of the file src/hackingBuddyGPT/extensions/ssh_run_command.py. Such manipulation leads to os command injection. The attack can be launched remotel…
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Medium 6.3
webgjc web_robot web.py controller_recover os command injection
A security vulnerability has been detected in webgjc web_robot 2.4.0/2.5.0/2.8.0. The affected element is the function controller_listen/controller_recover of the file py/web.py. The manipulation of the argument case_name leads to os command injection. It is …
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Medium 4.0
PAN-OS: Authenticated Command Injection in CLI with Luna HSM Configuration
A command injection vulnerability in Palo Alto Networks PAN-OS® software enables an authenticated administrator to bypass system restrictions and run arbitrary commands as a root user. To be able to exploit this issue, the user must have access to the PAN-OS …
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Medium 6.7
Dell PowerScale OneFS, Versions 9.5.0.0 through 9.7.1.0, Versions 9.8.0.0 through 9.10.1.0, and Versions 9.11.0.0 throu…
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Medium 5.3
Dell SCG 5.0 Appliance versions prior to 5.36.00.16 and Dell SCG 5.0 Application versions prior to 5.36.00.00, contains…
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Medium 6.7
Improper Input Neutralization in Okta Access Gateway SNMP Configuration Processing
The Okta Access Gateway does not neutralize shell metacharacters in SNMP configuration values before a privileged script uses them to construct OS commands. An authenticated local user with access to the management interface can supply crafted values, resulti…
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Medium 6.5
Dell SCG 5.0 Appliance versions prior to 5.36.00.16 and Dell SCG 5.0 Application versions prior to 5.36.00.00, contains…
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Medium 5.3
IBM i is Affected By Multiple Vulnerabilities in Debug Server
IBM i 7.6, 7.5, 7.4, and 7.3 could allow a local attacker to execute arbitrary commands due to improper neutralization of special elements used in an OS command.
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Medium 4.4
IBM i is Affected By Multiple Vulnerabilities in Debug Server
IBM i 7.6, 7.5, 7.4, and 7.3 could allow a local attacker to execute arbitrary commands due to improper neutralization of special elements used in an OS command.
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Medium 4.4
IBM i is Affected By Multiple Vulnerabilities in Debug Server
IBM i 7.6, 7.5, 7.4, and 7.3 could allow a local authenticated attacker to inject parameters into a CL command due to improper neutralization of special elements.
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Medium 4.3
Arbitrary command execution via shell-expanded connection string in Launch MongoDB Shell terminal
A component of the MongoDB extension for Visual Studio Code does not neutralize special characters in a connection string before that value is placed into a command line the extension composes for an integrated terminal. An unauthenticated remote unauthorized…
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Medium 5.0
Dell SmartFabric OS10 Software, versions prior to 10.5.6.14, contains an Improper Neutralization of Special Elements us…