Weakness (CWE)
CWE-78: OS Command Injection
The product constructs all or part of an OS command using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify the intended OS command before it is sent to a downstream component.
How to prevent it (8 mitigations)
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Architecture and Design
If at all possible, use library calls rather than external processes to recreate the desired functionality.
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Architecture and Design, Operation
Run the code in a "jail" or similar sandbox environment that enforces strict boundaries between the process and the operating system. This may effectively restrict which files can be accessed in a particular directory or which commands can be executed by the software.
OS-level examples include the Unix chroot jail, AppArmor, and SELinux. In general, managed code may provide some protection. For example, java.io.FilePermission in the Java SecurityManager allows the software to specify restrictions on file operations.
This may not be a feasible solution, and it only limits the impact to the operating system; the rest of the application may still be subject to compromise.
Be careful to avoid CWE-243 and other weaknesses related to jails.
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Architecture and Design
For any data that will be used to generate a command to be executed, keep as much of that data out of external control as possible. For example, in web applications, this may require storing the data locally in the session's state instead of sending it out to the client in a hidden form field.
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Architecture and Design
For any security checks that are performed on the client side, ensure that these checks are duplicated on the server side, in order to avoid CWE-602. Attackers can bypass the client-side checks by modifying values after the checks have been performed, or by changing the client to remove the client-side checks entirely. Then, these modified values would be submitted to the server.
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Architecture and Design
Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
For example, consider using the ESAPI Encoding control [REF-45] or a similar tool, library, or framework. These will help the programmer encode outputs in a manner less prone to error.
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Implementation
While it is risky to use dynamically-generated query strings, code, or commands that mix control and data together, sometimes it may be unavoidable. Properly quote arguments and escape any special characters within those arguments. The most conservative approach is to escape or filter all characters that do not pass an extremely strict allowlist (such as everything that is not alphanumeric or white space). If some special characters are still needed, such as white space, wrap each argument in quotes after the escaping/filtering step. Be careful of argument injection (CWE-88).
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Implementation
If the program to be executed allows arguments to be specified within an input file or from standard input, then consider using that mode to pass arguments instead of the command line.
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Architecture and Design
If available, use structured mechanisms that automatically enforce the separation between data and code. These mechanisms may be able to provide the relevant quoting, encoding, and validation automatically, instead of relying on the developer to provide this capability at every point where output is generated.
Some languages offer multiple functions that can be used to invoke commands. Where possible, identify any function that invokes a command shell using a single string, and replace it with a function that requires individual arguments. These functions typically perform appropriate quoting and filtering of arguments. For example, in C, the system() function accepts a string that contains the entire command to be executed, whereas execl(), execve(), and others require an array of strings, one for each argument. In Windows, CreateProcess() only accepts one command at a time. In Perl, if system() is provided with an array of arguments, then it will quote each of the arguments.
Source: MITRE CWE-78
5,327 results · Feed
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Medium 6.7
Rubygem-hammer_cli: command injection via insecure editor invocation
A flaw was found in rubygem-hammer_cli. A command injection vulnerability exists in Hammer CLI and the Railties (Ruby on Rails) component distributed with Satellite due to the insecure interpolation of the $EDITOR environment variable into the Ruby system() m…
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High 8.2
Foreman: command injection in foreman-rake database tasks
A flaw was found in Foreman. OS command injection vulnerabilities exist in the foreman-rake db:dump and db:import_dump tasks. The application fails to properly sanitize user-supplied input in the destination parameter (during backups) and the file parameter (…
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High 8.2
Foreman: command injection in foreman-rake errors:fetch_log via request_id parameter
A flaw was found in Foreman. A command injection vulnerability exists in the foreman-rake errors:fetch_log task. The request_id parameter is passed to an underlying system command (typically grep) without adequate shell neutralization. While the task is inten…
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High 8.8
Rubygem-foreman_remote_execution: command injection in job invocations via effective_user parameter
A flaw was found in rubygem-foreman_remote_execution. A command injection vulnerability exists in the Red Hat Satellite API (/api/v2/job_invocations). When a job template has the effective_user property marked as overridable: true, the application fails to pr…
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Critical 9.1
Fortra BoKS Manager crlserver command injection vulnerability
Fortra BoKS Manager contains a command injection vulnerability in crlserver. An authenticated user authorized to add CRL URLs through BCC, the WSI REST or SOAP API, or the cacrl command-line interface could cause shell command substitution to be processed by …
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High 8.4
Genians, Inc Genian SSL PNS OS Command Injection
An OS command injection vulnerability in Genian SSL PNS allows an attacker who knows only the client access ID, without the password, to execute arbitrary commands remotely
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High 7.8
Kiteworks Core Local Privilege Escalation
A privilege escalation vulnerability in Kiteworks could allow an attacker who has already obtained code execution as an unprivileged backend service account on the appliance to escalate to root and run arbitrary commands with the highest privileges. Exploitat…
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High 7.2
Kiteworks Core OS Command Injection
A command injection vulnerability in Kiteworks could allow a high-privileged authenticated administrator to execute arbitrary operating-system commands as root on the affected appliance node. Successful exploitation requires an administrative account with ele…
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High 8.8
Kiteworks Core OS Command Injection
A privilege escalation vulnerability in Kiteworks could have allowed an attacker who had already obtained code execution on one node of a clustered Kiteworks deployment to run operating system commands with elevated privileges on another node of the same clus…
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High 7.2
Kiteworks Core OS command injection
Kiteworks Core before version 9.5.0 is vulnerable to OS Command Injection that allows an authenticated administrator to upload a configuration package whose contents were not sufficiently validated before being processed. A crafted package could cause the und…
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High 8.1
Deno 2.7.0 through 2.9.7 Command Injection via node:child_process
Deno versions 2.7.0 through 2.9.7 on Windows contain a command injection vulnerability in node:child_process where shell arguments are escaped for the wrong shell type. Attackers can inject OS commands by passing untrusted arguments with the shell option, all…
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High 8.8
In JetBrains TeamCity before 2026.2, 2026.1.4, 2025.11.8 authenticated users could execute commands on Windows servers …
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Critical 9.9
zosmaai pi-llm-wiki wiki_capture_source MCP tool index.ts os command injection
A flaw has been found in zosmaai pi-llm-wiki up to 0.11.7. Affected is an unknown function of the file mcp/index.ts of the component wiki_capture_source MCP tool. Executing a manipulation of the argument url can lead to os command injection. The attack can be…
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Medium 6.3
0xshariq github-mcp-server Git Remove MCP Tool github.ts child_process.exec os command injection
A vulnerability was identified in 0xshariq github-mcp-server up to 52e764a7d66eac1726fce02ca7bb5a638571801a. This issue affects the function child_process.exec of the file src/github.ts of the component Git Remove MCP Tool. Such manipulation of the argument F…
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High 7.3
HKUDS AnyTool Execute Endpoint main.py subprocess.run os command injection
A vulnerability was identified in HKUDS AnyTool 0.1.0. Affected is the function subprocess.run of the file anytool/local_server/main.py of the component Execute Endpoint. The manipulation of the argument command/shell leads to os command injection. It is poss…
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Medium 6.7
Image Scanner Driver for Linux contains an OS command injection vulnerability. An attacker who can log in to a Linux sy…
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Critical 9.0CVE-2026-103056 Public exploit
AiSOC 7.2.0 before 12.0.0 Command Injection via CrowdStrike RTR
AiSOC versions 7.2.0 before 12.0.0 contain a command injection vulnerability in the actions service that builds CrowdStrike Real Time Response command strings by interpolating unescaped action parameters in crowdstrike_rtr.py and endpoint.py. Authenticated us…
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Critical 9.8
DeepTutor v1.4.0 is vulnerable to command execution in /tutorbot/agent/tools/shell.py:ExecTool.execute.
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High 7.3
virtualenv: Command injection via --prompt in activate.bat (batch activator)
virtualenv is a tool for creating isolated virtual python environments. Prior to 21.7.12, BatchActivator.quote() returns prompt text unchanged before activate.bat inserts it into a cmd.exe set "VAR=value" statement. An attacker who influences --prompt, VIRTUA…
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High 7.8
virtualenv bash and fish activation scripts execute commands embedded in paths
virtualenv is a tool for creating isolated virtual python environments. Prior to 21.7.13, the generated activate (bash and zsh) and activate.fish scripts place values already escaped by shlex.quote inside an additional quoted context. In the bash and zsh scri…
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High 8.8
Improper neutralization of special elements used in an OS command ('OS command injection') in Anjvision YSSD-RTMP-H5
In Anjvision YSSD‑RTMP‑H5 firmware version 3.3.2.4, a hidden debug interface can be enabled through an authenticated request, allowing additional commands to be sent to a backend service. Once active, this pathway can unintentionally expose system‑level funct…
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Critical 9.2
simple-git: `VISUAL` editor environment variable is omitted from unsafe editor detection
simple-git, an interface for running git commands in any node.js application, enables applications to execute Git operations from JavaScript. Prior to 2.0.1 of the argv-parser package, parseEnv omits VISUAL from GitEnvKeys, so prepareEnv drops the value befor…
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Critical 9.2
simple-git unsafe-operation guard does not block trailer command configuration
simple-git, an interface for running git commands in any node.js application, enables applications to execute Git operations from JavaScript. From 3.15.0 until 4.0.1, the default blockUnsafeOperationsPlugin does not classify trailer.<token>.cmd as unsafe conf…
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High 8.1CVE-2026-102826 Public exploit
simple-git allows command execution through unblocked Git configuration includes
simple-git, an interface for running git commands in any node.js application, enables applications to execute Git operations from JavaScript. Prior to 4.0.0, the default blockUnsafeOperationsPlugin does not completely reject configuration includes supplied th…
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High 7.2
IBM Guardium Data Protection is affected by multiple vulnerabilities.
IBM Guardium Data Protection 12.2 is vulnerable to command injection in the CLI certificate SMIME recipient deletion functionality, allowing an authenticated privileged CLI user to execute arbitrary commands with root privileges.
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Critical 9.1
IBM Guardium Data Protection is affected by multiple vulnerabilities.
IBM Guardium Data Protection 12.2 is vulnerable to command injection in the certificate export CLI functionality, allowing a privileged authenticated CLI user to execute arbitrary commands with root privileges.
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High 7.5
IBM Guardium Data Protection is affected by multiple vulnerabilities.
IBM Guardium Data Protection 12.2 is vulnerable to command injection in the SNMP alert notification functionality. An authenticated attacker who can influence policy alert text can cause attacker-controlled data to be executed as operating system commands by …
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High 8.8
Akaunting before 2.1.31 OS Command Injection via app alias
Akaunting before 2.1.31 contains an OS command injection vulnerability in the module installation and update flow where the alias parameter is passed unvalidated to shell command execution. Authenticated users with admin panel access can inject shell metachar…
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High 8.5
Weblate: Mercurial argument injection via repository filenames allows authenticated command execution
Weblate is a web-based continuous localization platform used to manage software translations. Weblate 4.11.1 through 2026.7.1 contains an argument-injection vulnerability in its Mercurial backend. Repository filenames beginning with - could be interpreted as …
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High 8.8
Apache DolphinScheduler: Command Injection in the Alert Script Plugin
The scriptPath parameter is incorporated into a /bin/sh -c command without sufficient neutralization of shell metacharacters, allowing shell command substitution and execution. An authenticated user can exploit this behavior by creating a resource whose filen…
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High 7.8
Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command ('OS Command Injection') in DeepSeek-Reasonix
OS Command Injection in internal/gitcmd (git diff filter.clean/smudge invocation) in esengine DeepSeek-Reasonix (Reasonix Studio) allows a local attacker who controls repository content (.gitattributes + .git/config) to execute arbitrary commands via the desk…
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High 8.1CVE-2026-102422 Public exploit
shell-quote `quote()` command injection via a line terminator in a token after a `{ comment }` token
shell-quote's `quote()` function emits a `{ comment }` token as `#` followed by its text, which comments out the rest of the shell line, including the opening quote of any later string token. A line terminator (\n, \r, U+2028, U+2029) in that later string the…
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Critical 10.0
Netcore NAP930 Network Tools CGI network_tools eval os command injection
A vulnerability was found in Netcore NAP930 0.1.241010.141410. This affects the function eval of the file /www/cgi-bin/network_tools of the component Network Tools CGI. The manipulation of the argument sid results in os command injection. The attack may be pe…
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Medium 5.4
RaspAP raspap-webgui OpenVPN Configuration del_ovpncfg.php escapeshellcmd os command injection
A vulnerability has been found in RaspAP raspap-webgui up to 3.5.5. Affected by this vulnerability is the function escapeshellcmd of the file ajax/openvpn/del_ovpncfg.php of the component OpenVPN Configuration Handler. Such manipulation of the argument cfg_id…
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Medium 4.7
RaspAP raspap-webgui SSID Processing WiFiManager.php writeWpaSupplicant os command injection
A flaw has been found in RaspAP raspap-webgui up to 3.5.5. Affected is the function WiFiManager::writeWpaSupplicant of the file src/RaspAP/Networking/Hotspot/WiFiManager.php of the component SSID Processing. This manipulation of the argument ssid causes os co…
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Medium 6.3
mbailey VoiceMode <= 8.10.1 is vulnerable to OS Command Injection. The update_config MCP tool (and the "voicemode confi…
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High 8.8
ConvertPlus <= 3.6.3 - Authenticated (Subscriber+) PHP Object Injection via 'style' Parameter
The ConvertPlus plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Deserialization of Untrusted Data in all versions up to, and including, 3.6.3 via the style parameter of the cp_display_preview_modal AJAX action. The vulnerability exists because the action's nonce guard …
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High 8.4
Token Optimizer MCP: OS command injection in smart_user via username in get-user-info
Token Optimizer MCP measures token savings per AI coding agent, optimizes context, and shares a live local knowledge graph across 16 CLI clients. Prior to version 5.1.0, token-optimizer-mcp is vulnerable to OS command injection in the smart_user tool. Any MCP…
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High 8.6
FreePBX: Authenticated API generatedocs Host Command Injection
FreePBX is an open source IP PBX. Prior to version 17.0.9, authenticated users who are authorized to access the GraphQL api module interface of FreePBX are able to execute arbitrary shell commands. Authenticated access to the api module is required. The PBX A…
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High 8.6
Authenticated Command Injection in FreePBX UCP Interface
FreePBX is an open source IP PBX. Prior to versions 16.0.39 and 17.0.7, users authenticated via User Control Panel (UCP) are able to execute arbitrary commands on the PBX as the webserver user (typically asterisk) using specially crafted HTTP strings. Authent…